CN108843312B - Oilfield reservoir in-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method - Google Patents

Oilfield reservoir in-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method Download PDF

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CN108843312B
CN108843312B CN201810564798.0A CN201810564798A CN108843312B CN 108843312 B CN108843312 B CN 108843312B CN 201810564798 A CN201810564798 A CN 201810564798A CN 108843312 B CN108843312 B CN 108843312B
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sample
permeability
layer heterogeneity
reservoir
samples
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CN108843312A (en
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杨莎莎
黄旭日
尹成
丁峰
刘可
王桂芹
代荣获
刘阳
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Hainan Special Economic Zone Zhongzhi Falcon intelligent Survey Technology Co.,Ltd.
Southwest Petroleum University
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Sichuan Zhong Ding Feng Exploration Technology Co Ltd
Southwest Petroleum University
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells

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Abstract

The invention discloses the in-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method based on phase of development higher order neural network, core is the at home and abroad common V of scholark、Tk、Jk、PkAnd DkOn the basis of static geologic parameter, the water injection rate data dynamic parameter of oil field development production, the evaluation index as in-layer heterogeneity are introduced.And higher order neural network method is used, it is studied in depth specifically for each parameters weighting of the above in-layer heterogeneity, effectively improves the accuracy and timeliness of phase of development reservoir in-layer heterogeneity overall merit, overcome defect of the existing technology.

Description

Oilfield reservoir in-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum, a kind of integrated evaluating method of reservoir heterogeneity of natural gas reservoirs geology, Particular technique is the reservoir in-layer heterogeneity coefficient of colligation acquiring method based on artificial neural network, be can effectively improve to oil The accuracy of field development phase reservoir in-layer heterogeneity evaluation.
Background technique
Reservoir is the storage in underground of petroleum, natural gas, gathering place, is the direct target of oil-gas exploration, exploitation.Reservoir Heterogeneity refers to the inhomogeneities of the parameter of characterization reservoir spatially, is the universal feature of reservoir, the accuracy pair of evaluation There is huge economic value in the production development of accurate instruction petroleum, natural gas.The heterogeneity of reservoir includes that macroscopic view is non- Matter and microheterogeneity.Wherein, macroscopic heterogeneity is divided by scale is descending: interlayer heterogeneity, plane are non- Matter and in-layer heterogeneity.
Currently, China major part oil field has entered the mid-later development phase stage, a large amount of oil gas has been plucked out of, but still is had quite The oil gas of quantity is trapped in underground, we are called remaining oil.Remaining oil with different scales, different form be irregularly distributed in In oil reservoir.Frequently with the mode of water filling, remaining oil displacement is gone out into stratum, to improve field output.In the process, single sand body stores up Oil and water zonation and remaining oil distribution in layer become the main problem in production.In-layer heterogeneity hangs down that is, in single sand body scale Upward reservoir characteristic variation, exactly leads to the immanent cause of oil and water zonation unevenness in sand body, is to directly control note in single sand Enter swept volume and (injects the oil reservoir volume that water is fed through in water-drive pool from well, size directly affects the effect of water drive oil Rate.) crucial geologic(al) factor.Therefore, in phase of development, recognize to further increase people to oil and gas and water distribution rule Know and the rate of oil and gas recovery, the further investigation and accurate evaluation for in-layer heterogeneity are quite crucial.
Currently, the widely used in-layer heterogeneity evaluation index of domestic and foreign scholars includes: coefficient of permeability variation Vk, seep Saturating rate is advanced by leaps and bounds coefficient Tk, permeability grade Jk, muddy intercalation distribution frequency PkWith distribution density DkDeng.For with water-drive pool Based on domestic old filed for, since reservoir is washed away by long-period water drive, exacerbate its non-homogeneous degree.At this point, if also using The V that early stage core measuresk、Tk、Jk、PkAnd DkEqual geologic parameters evaluate in-layer heterogeneity, just necessarily to oil field residue The understanding of oil generates great deviation.Therefore, the present invention is in Vk、Tk、Jk、PkAnd DkOn the basis of equal geologic parameters, oil is introduced The water injection rate data V of field development and productionw, evaluation index as in-layer heterogeneity.
In addition, being frequently subjected to complexity, the DATA REASONING of subsurface geology situation when evaluating in-layer heterogeneity Accuracy and the various aspects factor such as theoretical integrity influence, cause the evaluation result for aforementioned each index often occur mutual The case where contradiction.In view of this, forefathers, which propose, seeks a composite index to in-layer heterogeneity progress based on mathematical method Evaluation.The Lorentz curve method of the entropy assessment of such as Yang Shaochun (2004) and Liu superfine (2012), achieves in particular studies area Good effect.But entropy assessment will depend on enough sample datas and actual Problem Areas, calculate complexity, and participatory is poor, Judge cannot be embodied to the attention degree of different attribute index, sometimes fixed weight can be with the practical significance level phase of attribute Difference is larger.Lorentz curve method defines a kind of new in-layer heterogeneity characterization parameter only with permeability data, can not be comprehensive Reflect the feature of in-layer heterogeneity.
The overall evaluation system of in-layer heterogeneity is a complicated nonlinear system, with time, the passage in space, Each index can also change to the influence degree of its evaluation problem, and in other words, the weight of most evaluation index can be with evaluation The development of object, the progress of human knowledge and change.Therefore, it is necessary to the study mechanism of weight is established, it is continually changing to adapt to Evaluation requires, and this respect is exactly the advantage place that artificial neural network solves the problems, such as.For common multilayer perceptron nerve (one kind of neural network is most simple most common neural network to network.Generally include an input layer, several hidden layers With an output layer.) for, since the number of plies and number of nodes of hidden layer are all rule of thumb to be arranged, can be encountered when data volume is big Convergence rate is slow, and there is the problems such as being easily trapped into local minimum.
Higher order neural network is the extension to multilayer perceptron neural network.It is added on the basic model of perceptron Enter auxiliary element, input vector is become into n times value that it is combined with each other (by taking second order as an example, in multilayer perceptron neural network Input parameter x1、x2, it is changing in higher order neural networkx1x2、x1、x2).So that network output and input Higher order correlation function is corresponding, reduces computation complexity, even if encountering the big situation of data volume, convergence rate also obviously has There is superiority.And higher order neural network does not include hidden layer, can obtain faster training speed, and be less prone to local minimum Value, while avoiding the On The Choice of the hidden layer number of plies and number of nodes.
Status based on oil field high production cost, it is necessary to mass data be analyzed in a short time, to reservoir layer Interior heterogeneity makes accurate evaluation, to instruct next step production measure.Rationally to solve the problems, such as this, the invention proposes one kind In-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method based on higher order neural network is expected to further increase to mid-late oilfield development reservoir The accuracy and timeliness of in-layer heterogeneity understanding.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of integrated evaluating method of reservoir in-layer heterogeneity, this method is based on artificial The nonlinear pattern recognition technology of neural network, utilizes Vk、Tk、Jk、Pk、DkAnd VwSix parameters, integrated reservoir geology, oil reservoir Physics, mathematical statistics etc. are multidisciplinary, and geologic origin analytical technology, various experimental study technologies, geostatistics are studied skill Art, various mathematical computations technologies, error statistics analytical technology etc. organically combine, specifically for each parameters weighting of in-layer heterogeneity It is studied in depth, effectively improves the accuracy of phase of development reservoir in-layer heterogeneity overall merit, overcome existing Defect existing for technology.
To reach the above technical purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme.
Reservoir in-layer heterogeneity coefficient of colligation acquiring method based on higher order neural network method, core are non-equal in layer The seeking of each evaluation parameter of matter, Mathematical Statistics Analysis, each parameters weighting are sought.This method successively the following steps are included:
(1) data such as number, thickness of reservoir permeability data and interlayer obtained to the chemical examination of underground core analysis carry out Statistics, and seek coefficient of permeability variation Vk, leaps and bounds coefficient Tk, permeability grade Jk, muddy intercalation distribution frequency Pk With distribution density DkAnd the water injection rate V of oilfield development processw
(2) above data is normalized, determines training sample;
(3) order of neural network is set, converts input sample, and inputted;
(4) setting initial connection is weighed at random;
(5) reality output is calculated;
(6) according to the error of desired output and reality output, connection weight is updated, constantly progress network training;
(7) after all sample trainings terminate and reach neural network accuracy requirement, that is, it can determine the weight of each index.It obtains again The composite index of all samples.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is higher-order neural networks model figure.
Fig. 2 is the in-layer heterogeneity overall merit flow chart based on higher order neural network method.
Specific embodiment
The present invention successively includes step in detailed below:
Step 1: in-layer heterogeneity characterization parameter: coefficient of permeability variation V is soughtk(formula 1), leaps and bounds coefficient Tk (formula 2), permeability grade JkThe distribution frequency P of (formula 3), muddy intercalationk(formula 4) and distribution density Dk(formula 5), water injection rate VwIt can Directly obtained from oilfield production data.
F, coefficient of permeability variation
G, leaps and bounds coefficient
H, permeability grade
Jk=Kmax/Kmin (3)
I, interbed distribution frequency
Pk=N/H (4)
J, interbed distribution density
Dk=h/H × 100% (5)
In formula: KiFor the permeability value of single core sample;N is the number of sample;For the average infiltration of all samples Rate;KmaxFor the permeability maximum value of all samples;KminFor the permeability minimum value of all samples.KmaxAnd KminThree infiltrations Saturating rate related data can be obtained by physical property measurement or well-log information.N is muddy intercalation number;H is the total thickness of muddy intercalation Degree, rice;H is the gross reservoir interval of research, rice.N, h interlayer related data and H can observe statistics or well-log information by core It obtains.
Step 2: to the V of every mouthful of oil well single sand bodyk、Tk、Jk、Pk、DkAnd VwData are counted, and normalized obtains Several input samples.From first sample X1(formula 6) brings into operation.
X1=(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6) (6)
Wherein, x1=Vk1, x2=Tk1, x3=Jk1, x4=Pk1, x5=Dk1, x6=Vw1
Step 3: setting higher order neural network converts order into 2, i.e., by input sample X to input parameter1Become X1 * (formula 7).
Wherein, the quadratic terms of 6 input parameters have 6, and the quadratic term of 6 input parameters product two-by-two has 15,6 Input parameter first order be 6, add last constant 1, total item 28, i.e., by 6 input Parameter Switch for comprising 28 parameters of high-order independent variable.
Step 4: first sample X is set1 *Corresponding desired output is O1, set X1 *With O1Between initial weight vector be W1, W1Middle element can be set as any value (formula 8) (Fig. 1) between 0-1 at random.
W1=(w1,w2,···,w28)T (8)
Wherein, w1,w2,···,w28For the weight coefficient of each single item in step 3.
Step 5: the reality output Z of first output node is calculated1(formula 9).
Z1=f (W1 TX1 *) (9)
Wherein, f is excitation function, represents the functional relation between input sample and output.Common excitation function includes: Sigmoid function, tanh function and ReLU function etc..It selects to use Sigmoid function as excitation function herein.
Step 6: according to desired output O1With reality output Z1Error, update connection weight vector W1For W2(formula 10), W2 The initial weight vector of as second sample.
W2=W1+η(O1-Z1)X1 * (10)
In formula, η is that weight coefficient updates step-length.With the increase of the number of iterations, η is gradually reduced.Its general initial value is set at random It is set to a lesser positive value, sets step-length initial value herein as η1, η1Value is 0.1, its every wheel of iteration 100 is arranged multiplied by 0.1. I.e. all samples, which repeat step-length after feedback training 100 is taken turns, becomes η2, η2=0.1 η1=0.1*0.1=0.01, and so on.
Step 7: assuming that total sample number be n, circulation step five and step 6, successively obtain each sample initially weigh to Amount.
Step 8: the mean error E (formula 11) of all samples is calculated.
Wherein, OjAnd ZjThe desired output and reality output of respectively j-th sample.
Step 9: when mean error E≤ε (setting) after, that is, it can determine the weight of each index.Again Obtain the composite index of all samples.Otherwise, return step five.
The corresponding flow chart of above step is illustrated in fig. 2 shown below.
The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The skill of the industry Art personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the above embodiments and description only describe The principle of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, These changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is wanted by appended right Ask book and its equivalent thereof.

Claims (5)

1. oilfield reservoir in-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
Step 1: in-layer heterogeneity characterization parameter: coefficient of permeability variation V is soughtk, leaps and bounds coefficient Tk, permeability grade Poor Jk, muddy intercalation distribution frequency PkWith distribution density Dk, water injection rate VwIt can directly be obtained from oilfield production data;
A, coefficient of permeability variation
B, leaps and bounds coefficient
C, permeability grade
Jk=Kmax/Kmin (3)
D, interbed distribution frequency
Pk=N/H (4)
E, interbed distribution density
Dk=h/H × 100% (5)
In formula: KiFor the permeability value of single core sample;N is the number of sample;For the mean permeability of all samples;Kmax For the permeability maximum value of all samples;KminFor the permeability minimum value of all samples;KmaxAnd KminThree permeability phases Closing data can be obtained by physical property measurement or well-log information;N is muddy intercalation number;H is the overall thickness of muddy intercalation;H is to grind The gross reservoir interval studied carefully;N, h interlayer related data and H can observe statistics or well-log information acquisition by core;
Step 2: to the V of every mouthful of oil well single sand bodyk、Tk、Jk、Pk、DkAnd VwData are counted, normalized, are obtained several A input sample, from first sample X1It brings into operation;
X1=(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6) (6)
Wherein, x1=Vk1, x2=Tk1, x3=Jk1, x4=Pk1, x5=Dk1, x6=Vw1
Step 3: setting higher order neural network converts order into 2, i.e., by input sample X to input parameter1Become X1 *:
Step 4: first sample X is set1 *Corresponding desired output is O1, set X1 *With O1Between initial weight vector be W1, W1 Middle element can be set as any value between 0-1 at random:
W1=(w1,w2,···,w28)T (8)
Wherein, w1,w2,···,w28For the weight coefficient of each single item in step 3;
Step 5: the reality output Z of first output node is calculated1:
Z1=f (W1 TX1 *) (9)
Wherein, f is excitation function, represents the functional relation between input sample and output;
Step 6: according to desired output O1With reality output Z1Error, update connection weight vector W1For W2, W2As second sample This initial weight vector;
W2=W1+η(O1-Z1)X1 * (10)
In formula, η is that weight coefficient updates step-length, and with the increase of the number of iterations, η is gradually reduced;
Step 7: assuming that total sample number is n, circulation step five and step 6, the initial weight vector of each sample is successively obtained;
Step 8: the mean error E of all samples is calculated:
Wherein, OjAnd ZjThe desired output and reality output of respectively j-th sample;
Step 9: after mean error E≤ε, that is, it can determine the weight of each index;The composite index of all samples is obtained again, it is no Then, return step five.
2. oilfield reservoir in-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3 The quadratic terms of 6 input parameters have 6, and the quadratic term of 6 input parameters product two-by-two has 15,6 input parameters it is primary Item is 6, in addition last constant 1, total item 28, i.e., inputting Parameter Switch for 6 is 28 comprising high-order independent variable A parameter.
3. oilfield reservoir in-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 5 The excitation function is Sigmoid function.
4. oilfield reservoir in-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 6 If step-length initial value is η1, η1Value is 0.1, its every wheel of iteration 100 is arranged multiplied by 0.1;I.e. all samples repeat feedback training 100, which take turns step-length later, becomes η2, η2=0.1 η1=0.1*0.1=0.01, and so on.
5. oilfield reservoir in-layer heterogeneity integrated evaluating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 9
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