CN108843299B - Dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in plunger gas lift process - Google Patents

Dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in plunger gas lift process Download PDF

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CN108843299B
CN108843299B CN201810564136.3A CN201810564136A CN108843299B CN 108843299 B CN108843299 B CN 108843299B CN 201810564136 A CN201810564136 A CN 201810564136A CN 108843299 B CN108843299 B CN 108843299B
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plunger
gas
liquid
lifting
sealing performance
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CN108843299A (en
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白博峰
赵昆鹏
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/008—Monitoring of down-hole pump systems, e.g. for the detection of "pumped-off" conditions

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in a plunger gas lift process, which comprises the following steps: 1) measuring dynamic pressure of wellhead oil pipe through wellhead pressure sensor
Figure DDA0001684069180000011
And wellhead casing dynamic pressure
Figure DDA0001684069180000012
Calculating the mass of accumulated liquid column above plunger when well is opened and lifted
Figure DDA0001684069180000013
2) Calculating the driving pressure difference delta P at the moment of starting the plunger[0](ii) a 3) Measuring the instantaneous displacement of the plunger in the upward lifting process of the plunger according to a displacement sensor in the plunger
Figure DDA0001684069180000014
4) Calculating the instantaneous speed of upward lifting of the plunger
Figure DDA0001684069180000015
5) Calculating the driving pressure difference delta P of the plunger moving to different positions of the shaft in the ascending lifting process[n]6) calculating the liquid-column gas content of the accumulated liquid above the plunger at different moments in the lifting process β[n](ii) a 7) Calculating the mass flow of the upper liquid leakage of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure DDA0001684069180000016
And then evaluating the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger gas lifting process to complete dynamic monitoring of the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger gas lifting process.

Description

Dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in plunger gas lift process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plunger gas lift drainage and gas production, and relates to a dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in a plunger gas lift process.
Background
The plunger gas lift technology is used as a water drainage and gas production method with high economical efficiency, excessive additional power is not needed, stratum energy is utilized, a solid interface is formed between gas and liquid phases in a shaft through a movable plunger, and gas-liquid sealing is enhanced, so that the water drainage and gas production efficiency is improved, the gas well yield is increased, and the service life of a gas well is prolonged. In order to ensure the flexibility of the movement of the plunger in the shaft, a circular seam exists between the plunger and the inner wall surface of the oil pipe, lifted accumulated liquid can flow through the circular seam, leak and fall back to cause the reduction of liquid discharge capacity, and lifting gas can jump up through the circular seam to cause the accelerated attenuation of lifting power, which can cause the reduction of lifting efficiency and even the failure of lifting. Therefore, the dynamic monitoring of the gas-liquid sealing performance in the lifting process of the plunger is necessary, and the method is a key technology for accurately mastering the running state of the plunger and realizing running optimization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance of a plunger in a gas lifting process, which can accurately monitor the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger in the lifting process in real time.
In order to achieve the aim, the dynamic monitoring method for the gas-liquid sealing performance in the plunger gas lift process comprises the following steps:
1) measuring dynamic pressure of wellhead oil pipe through wellhead pressure sensor
Figure BDA0001684069160000011
And wellhead casing dynamic pressure
Figure BDA0001684069160000012
Then according to the pressure of the well mouth oil pipe when the well is opened and lifted
Figure BDA0001684069160000013
And wellhead casing pressure
Figure BDA0001684069160000021
Calculating the mass of accumulated liquid column above plunger when well is opened and lifted
Figure BDA0001684069160000022
2) Lifting the well according to the depth L of the well bottom setting device and the well opening time obtained in the step 1)Pressure of oil pipe
Figure BDA0001684069160000023
And casing pressure
Figure BDA0001684069160000024
Calculating the driving pressure difference delta P at the moment of starting the plunger[0]；
3) Measuring the instantaneous displacement of the plunger in the upward lifting process of the plunger according to a displacement sensor in the plunger
Figure BDA0001684069160000025
4) Acquiring the instantaneous displacement of the plunger according to the data acquisition time interval delta t of the displacement sensor in the plunger and the instantaneous displacement of the plunger obtained in the step 3)
Figure BDA0001684069160000026
Calculating the instantaneous speed of upward lifting of the plunger
Figure BDA0001684069160000027
5) Instantaneous displacement of the plunger obtained according to step 3)
Figure BDA0001684069160000028
And the dynamic pressure of the wellhead oil pipe obtained in the step 1)
Figure BDA0001684069160000029
And wellhead casing dynamic pressure
Figure BDA00016840691600000210
Calculating the driving pressure difference delta P of the plunger moving to different positions of the shaft in the ascending lifting process[n]；
6) Establishing a calculation model of the gas content of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid, and obtaining the mass of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid above the plunger during well opening and lifting according to the step 1)
Figure BDA00016840691600000211
Instantaneous speed of upward lifting of plunger obtained in step 4)
Figure BDA00016840691600000212
Driving pressure difference delta P obtained in step 5) when the plunger moves to different positions of a shaft in the ascending lifting process[n]And gas well gas production mass flow measured by well mouth
Figure BDA00016840691600000213
β calculating liquid-column gas content of liquid accumulated above plunger at different moments in lifting process[n]；
7) Establishing a plunger gas lift transient liquid leakage model, and obtaining the gas content β of the liquid column of the effusion above the plunger at different moments in the lifting process according to the plunger gas lift transient liquid leakage model and the gas content β of the liquid column of the effusion above the plunger at different moments obtained in the step 6)[n]Calculating the mass flow of the upper liquid leakage of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure BDA00016840691600000214
Then according to the mass flow rate of the liquid leakage on the upper part of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure BDA00016840691600000215
And evaluating the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger gas lift process, and finishing the dynamic monitoring of the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger gas lift process.
Step 1) lifting the well in the well and accumulating liquid column quality above the plunger
Figure BDA00016840691600000216
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000031
wherein L is the depth of the bottom hole setting device, g is the gravity acceleration, and D is the inner diameter of the oil pipe.
Step 2) driving pressure difference delta P at the moment of starting of the cylinder plug[0]Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000032
where ρ islIs a product ofLiquid density.
Step 4) instantaneous speed of upward lifting of plunger
Figure BDA0001684069160000033
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000034
and n is the time, n is 0 and is the plunger starting time, the time n +1 is the later time of the time n, and delta t is the time interval of data acquisition of the displacement sensor.
Driving pressure difference delta P of plunger moving to different positions of shaft in the process of ascending and lifting in step 5)[n]Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000035
liquid column gas content β of liquid accumulated above the plunger at different moments in the lifting process in step 6)[n]Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000036
wherein, Eu[n]In order to lift the euler number,
Figure BDA0001684069160000037
is the number of Froude of the gas,
Figure BDA0001684069160000038
the mass of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid above the plunger when the well is opened.
Lifting Euler number Eu[n]Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000041
froude number of gas
Figure BDA0001684069160000042
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000043
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001684069160000044
is the gas density at the bottom of the plunger.
Step 7) liquid leakage mass flow at the upper part of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure BDA0001684069160000045
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000046
wherein m ispLambda is the friction coefficient of the liquid column and the pipe wall, delta t is the data acquisition time interval,
Figure BDA0001684069160000047
the mass of the liquid column of accumulated liquid above the plunger at different moments in the lifting process.
Mass of liquid column of accumulated liquid above plunger at different moments in lifting process
Figure BDA0001684069160000048
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000049
the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the dynamic monitoring method for the gas-liquid sealing performance in the plunger gas lift process measures the dynamic pressure of the wellhead oil pipe by using the wellhead pressure sensor during specific operation
Figure BDA00016840691600000410
And wellhead casing dynamic pressure
Figure BDA00016840691600000411
By means of plungersInternal displacement sensor measures instantaneous displacement of plunger in upward lifting process of plunger
Figure BDA00016840691600000412
Then sequentially calculating the instantaneous speed of upward lifting of the plunger on the basis of the instantaneous speed
Figure BDA00016840691600000413
Driving pressure difference delta P of plunger moving to different positions of shaft in ascending lifting process[n]Liquid column gas content of accumulated liquid above plunger at different times β in lifting process[n]And the mass flow rate of the liquid leakage at the upper part of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure BDA00016840691600000414
Finally, according to the mass flow rate of the liquid leakage on the upper part of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure BDA0001684069160000051
The method has the advantages of evaluating the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger gas lift process, along with simple and convenient operation, easy realization, low monitoring cost, and higher precision, safety and reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the installation positions of sensors according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the parameters of a plunger gas lift according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of gas-liquid leakage during the lift of the plunger of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a gas channeling view of the top of the plunger of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a bottom liquid leakage view of the plunger of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 to 5, the dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in a plunger gas lift process according to the present invention includes the following steps:
1) measured by a wellhead pressure sensorDynamic pressure of oil pipe at measuring well head
Figure BDA0001684069160000052
And wellhead casing dynamic pressure
Figure BDA0001684069160000053
Then according to the pressure of the well mouth oil pipe when the well is opened and lifted
Figure BDA0001684069160000054
And wellhead casing pressure
Figure BDA0001684069160000055
Calculating the mass of accumulated liquid column above plunger when well is opened and lifted
Figure BDA0001684069160000056
Wherein, the quality of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid above the plunger when the well is opened and lifted
Figure BDA0001684069160000057
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000058
wherein L is the depth of the bottom hole setting device, g is the gravity acceleration, and D is the inner diameter of the oil pipe.
2) According to the depth L of the bottom seat device and the oil pipe pressure obtained in the step 1) during well opening and lifting
Figure BDA0001684069160000059
And casing pressure
Figure BDA00016840691600000510
Calculating the driving pressure difference delta P at the moment of starting the plunger[0]Wherein the driving pressure difference DeltaP at the moment of plunger start[0]Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000061
where ρ islIs a product ofLiquid density.
3) Measuring the instantaneous displacement of the plunger in the upward lifting process of the plunger according to a displacement sensor in the plunger
Figure BDA0001684069160000062
4) Acquiring the instantaneous displacement of the plunger according to the data acquisition time interval delta t of the displacement sensor in the plunger and the instantaneous displacement of the plunger obtained in the step 3)
Figure BDA0001684069160000063
Calculating the instantaneous speed of upward lifting of the plunger
Figure BDA0001684069160000064
Wherein the instantaneous speed of upward lifting of the plunger
Figure BDA0001684069160000065
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000066
and n is the time, n is 0 and is the plunger starting time, the time n +1 is the later time of the time n, and delta t is the time interval of data acquisition of the displacement sensor.
5) Instantaneous displacement of the plunger obtained according to step 3)
Figure BDA0001684069160000067
And the dynamic pressure of the wellhead oil pipe obtained in the step 1)
Figure BDA0001684069160000068
And wellhead casing dynamic pressure
Figure BDA0001684069160000069
Calculating the driving pressure difference delta P of the plunger moving to different positions of the shaft in the ascending lifting process[n]Wherein the driving pressure difference delta P of the plunger moving to different positions of the shaft in the ascending lifting process[n]Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA00016840691600000610
6) establishing a calculation model of the gas content of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid, and obtaining the mass of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid above the plunger during well opening and lifting according to the step 1)
Figure BDA00016840691600000611
Instantaneous speed of upward lifting of plunger obtained in step 4)
Figure BDA00016840691600000612
Driving pressure difference delta P obtained in step 5) when the plunger moves to different positions of a shaft in the ascending lifting process[n]And gas well gas production mass flow measured by well mouth
Figure BDA0001684069160000071
β calculating liquid-column gas content of liquid accumulated above plunger at different moments in lifting process[n]Wherein, the liquid column gas content of the accumulated liquid above the plunger piston at different moments in the lifting process is β[n]Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000072
wherein, Eu[n]In order to lift the euler number,
Figure BDA0001684069160000073
is the number of Froude of the gas,
Figure BDA0001684069160000074
the mass of the liquid column of accumulated liquid above the plunger when the well is opened;
lifting Euler number Eu[n]Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000075
froude number of gas
Figure BDA0001684069160000076
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000077
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001684069160000078
is the gas density at the bottom of the plunger.
7) Establishing a plunger gas lift transient liquid leakage model, and obtaining the gas content β of the liquid column of the effusion above the plunger at different moments in the lifting process according to the plunger gas lift transient liquid leakage model and the gas content β of the liquid column of the effusion above the plunger at different moments obtained in the step 6)[n]Calculating the mass flow of the upper liquid leakage of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure BDA0001684069160000079
Then according to the mass flow rate of the liquid leakage on the upper part of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure BDA00016840691600000710
And evaluating the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger gas lift process, and finishing the dynamic monitoring of the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger gas lift process.
Wherein, the mass flow rate of the liquid leakage on the upper part of the plunger piston at different moments in the lifting process
Figure BDA00016840691600000711
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA00016840691600000712
wherein m ispLambda is the friction coefficient of the liquid column and the pipe wall, delta t is the data acquisition time interval,
Figure BDA0001684069160000081
the mass of the liquid column of accumulated liquid above the plunger at different moments in the lifting process.
Mass of liquid column of accumulated liquid above plunger at different moments in lifting process
Figure BDA0001684069160000082
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001684069160000083
when the method is specifically implemented, the pressure and the gas production rate of an oil pipe and a casing are measured by using the gas well wellhead pressure and flow sensor, and the displacement of the plunger is measured by using the displacement sensor, so that the quantitative analysis of the gas content and the leakage flow rate of a liquid column above the plunger in the gas lift process of the plunger can be realized, the dynamic monitoring of the gas-liquid sealing performance in the gas lift process of the plunger is realized, the process is simple and easy to realize, and the method has important guiding significance for the operation monitoring and optimization of the water drainage and gas production technology of the plunger in industrial practice.

Claims (9)

1. A dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in a plunger gas lift process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) measuring dynamic pressure of wellhead oil pipe through wellhead pressure sensor
Figure FDA0002375965840000011
And wellhead casing dynamic pressure
Figure FDA0002375965840000012
According to the pressure of the well mouth oil pipe during well opening and lifting
Figure FDA0002375965840000013
And wellhead casing pressure
Figure FDA0002375965840000014
Calculating the mass of accumulated liquid column above plunger when well is opened and lifted
Figure FDA0002375965840000015
2) According to the depth L of the bottom seat device and the oil pipe pressure obtained in the step 1) during well opening and lifting
Figure FDA0002375965840000016
And casing pressure
Figure FDA0002375965840000017
Calculating the driving pressure difference △ P at the starting moment of the plunger[0]；
3) Measuring the instantaneous displacement of the plunger in the upward lifting process of the plunger according to a displacement sensor in the plunger
Figure FDA0002375965840000018
4) Obtaining the instantaneous displacement of the plunger according to the data acquisition time interval △ t of the displacement sensor in the plunger and the step 3)
Figure FDA0002375965840000019
Calculating the instantaneous speed of upward lifting of the plunger
Figure FDA00023759658400000110
5) Instantaneous displacement of the plunger obtained according to step 3)
Figure FDA00023759658400000111
And the dynamic pressure of the wellhead oil pipe obtained in the step 1)
Figure FDA00023759658400000112
And wellhead casing dynamic pressure
Figure FDA00023759658400000113
Calculating the driving pressure difference △ P of the plunger moving to different positions of the shaft in the ascending lifting process[n]；
6) Establishing a calculation model of the gas content of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid, and obtaining the mass of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid above the plunger during well opening and lifting according to the step 1)
Figure FDA00023759658400000114
Instantaneous speed of upward lifting of plunger obtained in step 4)
Figure FDA00023759658400000115
The driving pressure difference △ P of the plunger moving to different positions of the shaft in the ascending lifting process obtained in the step 5)[n]And gas well gas production mass flow measured by well mouth
Figure FDA00023759658400000116
β calculating liquid-column gas content of liquid accumulated above plunger at different moments in lifting process[n]；
7) Establishing a plunger gas lift transient liquid leakage model, and obtaining the gas content β of the liquid column of the effusion above the plunger at different moments in the lifting process according to the plunger gas lift transient liquid leakage model and the gas content β of the liquid column of the effusion above the plunger at different moments obtained in the step 6)[n]Calculating the mass flow of the upper liquid leakage of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure FDA00023759658400000117
Then according to the mass flow rate of the liquid leakage on the upper part of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure FDA00023759658400000118
And evaluating the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger gas lift process, and finishing the dynamic monitoring of the gas-liquid sealing performance of the plunger gas lift process.
2. The dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in the plunger gas-lift process according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid above the plunger during the well-opening lift in step 1)
Figure FDA0002375965840000021
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002375965840000022
wherein L is the depth of the bottom hole setting device, g is the gravity acceleration, and D is the inner diameter of the oil pipe.
3. The method of claim 2The dynamic monitoring method for the gas-liquid sealing performance in the plunger gas lift process is characterized in that the driving pressure difference △ P at the moment of starting the plunger in the step 2)[0]Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002375965840000023
where ρ islThe density of the accumulated liquid.
4. The dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in the gas-lift process of the plunger of claim 1, wherein the instantaneous speed of the upward lifting of the plunger in the step 4)
Figure FDA0002375965840000024
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002375965840000025
and n is the time, n is 0 and is the plunger starting time, the time n +1 is the later time of the time n, and delta t is the time interval of data acquisition of the displacement sensor.
5. The dynamic monitoring method for the gas-liquid sealing performance in the plunger gas lifting process according to claim 3, wherein the driving pressure difference △ P of the plunger moving to different positions in the shaft in the upward lifting process in the step 5) is[n]Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002375965840000026
6. the dynamic monitoring method for the gas-liquid sealing performance in the plunger gas-lift process according to claim 3, wherein the gas content of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid above the plunger at different moments in the lift process in the step 6) is β[n]Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002375965840000031
wherein, Eu[n]In order to lift the euler number,
Figure FDA0002375965840000032
is the number of Froude of the gas,
Figure FDA0002375965840000033
the mass of the liquid column of the accumulated liquid above the plunger when the well is opened.
7. The dynamic monitoring method for gas-liquid sealing performance in a plunger gas-lift process according to claim 6, wherein the Euler number of lift Eu[n]Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002375965840000034
froude number of gas
Figure FDA0002375965840000035
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002375965840000036
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002375965840000037
is the gas density at the bottom of the plunger.
8. The dynamic monitoring method for the gas-liquid sealing performance in the gas-lift process of the plunger as recited in claim 7, wherein the mass flow rate of the liquid leakage on the upper part of the plunger at different moments in the lifting process of step 7) is determined according to the mass flow rate of the liquid leakage on the upper part of the plunger
Figure FDA0002375965840000038
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002375965840000039
wherein m ispLambda is the friction coefficient of the liquid column and the pipe wall, △ t is the data acquisition time interval,
Figure FDA00023759658400000310
in order to accumulate liquid column quality above the plunger at different moments in the lifting process,
Figure FDA00023759658400000311
the instantaneous speed of the plunger ascending and lifting at the n +1 th moment.
9. The dynamic monitoring method for the gas-liquid sealing performance in the plunger gas-lift process according to claim 8, wherein the mass of the liquid column of accumulated liquid above the plunger at different moments in the lifting process
Figure FDA0002375965840000041
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002375965840000042
Figure FDA0002375965840000043
the mass flow rate of the liquid leakage on the upper part of the plunger at the ith moment in the lifting process.
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