CN108836413B

CN108836413B - Dilator for surgical wound

Info

Publication number: CN108836413B
Application number: CN201810850417.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 万晶晶; 伍美容; 成柯; 兰玲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Wan Jingjing
Priority date: 2018-07-28
Filing date: 2018-07-28
Publication date: 2020-07-14
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-28
Also published as: CN108836413A

Abstract

An expander for surgical wounds effectively solves the problems that the opening size of an incision is not easy to control, the operation visual field is small, time and labor are wasted, and the like. The automatic screw-driving mechanism comprises a frame, the bilateral symmetry of the frame is provided with two first lead screws, the two first lead screws are respectively rotatably connected with the frame, each first lead screw is in threaded connection with a first nut capable of sliding left and right along the frame, one side, away from the end part of the frame, of each first nut is fixed with a frame body, the inner spline of each first lead screw is connected with a transmission shaft, a worm gear mechanism is arranged in each frame body, a worm is coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission shafts, a second lead screw is coaxially arranged on each worm gear, a unidirectional rotating mechanism is arranged between each second lead screw and each worm gear, each second lead screw is in threaded connection with a second nut, each second nut is fixed with a sliding rod capable of sliding up and down along the frame body, the lower end of each frame body is fixed with a cylinder, the lower end of each sliding rod is fixed.

Description

Dilator for surgical wound

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a dilator for surgical wounds.

Background

In the operation treatment of clinical patients, when medical staff performs surgery on the inside of a human body, the incision of the surface of the patient needs to be cut open, then the incision is pulled open by a medical draw hook, so that a visual field range with a certain area is formed at the wound, and the operation of the internal operation part of the human body is convenient. The exuded blood can cover the visual field range of the operation, certain interference is caused to the operation, and medical staff also needs to carry out blood treatment independently, so the operation is complex.

Incision expander among the prior art is when handling the wound oozing blood, adopts hemostatic cotton or negative pressure device to handle the wound oozing blood more, and these all need medical staff extra operation, and moreover and conventional negative pressure device structure is complicated, and the volume is too big, causes the operation environment disorder easily, and careless a little, blood will take place the refluence, causes wound secondary infection, and uses hemostatic cotton more to need frequently to change, influences the operation of performing the operation, has increased work burden.

Therefore, a need exists for a dilator for a surgical wound to address this problem.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dilator for surgical wounds, which effectively solves the problems that the opening size of an incision is not easy to control, the operation field of vision is small, time and labor are wasted, the workload of medical staff is increased, and the like.

The technical scheme includes that the device comprises a rack, two first lead screws are symmetrically arranged on the left and right of the rack and are respectively connected with the rack in a rotating manner, each first lead screw is in threaded connection with a first nut capable of sliding left and right along the rack, a frame body is fixed on one side of each first nut far away from the end portion of the rack, a transmission shaft is connected with the first lead screw through an internal spline, the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with the frame body in a rotating manner, a worm gear mechanism is arranged in the frame body, a worm is coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, a second lead screw is coaxially arranged in the worm gear mechanism and is in rotating connection with the frame body, a one-way rotating mechanism is arranged between the second lead screw and the worm gear, the second lead screw is in threaded connection with a second nut parallel to the worm gear, a sliding rod capable of sliding up and down along the frame body is fixed on the second nut, a cylinder is fixed, the lower end of the cylinder is fixed with a traction plate, and the traction plate is provided with a plurality of first through holes communicated with the cylinder.

The invention has the advantages of ingenious structure, high automation degree and good linkage, can control the stretching movement of the distraction plate and realize the automatic absorption of blood around the incision only by rotating the first lead screw, is simple to operate, has high working efficiency, ensures the sanitary environment of an operating room and lightens the working burden of medical staff.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional view a-a in fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a section B in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view of C in fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged schematic view of D in fig. 5.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in figures 1 to 6, the invention comprises a frame 1, two first lead screws 2 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right of the frame 1, the two first lead screws 2 are respectively rotatably connected with the frame 1, each first lead screw 2 is in threaded connection with a first nut 3 sliding left and right along the frame 1, a frame body 4 is fixed on one side of the first nut 3 far away from the end part of the frame 1, a transmission shaft 5 is in splined connection with the first lead screw 2, the other end of the transmission shaft 5 is rotatably connected with the frame body 4, a worm gear mechanism is arranged in the frame body 4, a worm 6 and the transmission shaft 5 are coaxially and fixedly connected in the worm gear mechanism, a second lead screw 8 is coaxially arranged in a worm wheel 7 in the worm gear mechanism, the second lead screw 8 is rotatably connected with the frame body 4, a unidirectional rotating mechanism is arranged between the second lead screw 8 and the worm wheel 7, a second nut 9 parallel to the worm wheel 7 is in threaded connection with the second lead screw 8, a sliding rod 10, a cylinder 11 is fixed at the lower end of the frame 4, a piston 12 which slides up and down along the cylinder 11 is fixed at the lower end of the sliding rod 10, a traction plate 13 is fixed at the lower end of the cylinder 11, and a plurality of first through holes 14 communicated with the cylinder 11 are formed in the traction plate 13.

Unidirectional rotating mechanism include driving lever 15, dog 16 and first pressure spring 17, driving lever 15 is articulated and the circumference equipartition is in the inside of worm wheel 7 with worm wheel 7, driving lever 15 one side is connected with worm wheel 7 through first pressure spring 17, the coaxial disc 18 that is fixed with of second lead screw 8, be equipped with the dog 16 that corresponds with driving lever 15 in the disc 18, worm wheel 7 rotates, dog 16 chucking driving lever 15, worm wheel 7 drives disc 18 and rotates together, and then disc 18 drives second lead screw 8 and rotates, worm wheel 7 reverses, dog 16 extrusion driving lever 15, driving lever 15 compresses first pressure spring 17, and then worm wheel 7 idles, second lead screw 8 does not take place to rotate.

The second lead screw 8 in be equipped with gliding press bar 19 from top to bottom, press bar 19 upper end is connected with second lead screw 8 through second pressure spring 20, press bar 19 articulates the connecting rod 21 about second lead screw 8 central point puts the symmetry, the connecting rod 21 other end articulates there is dog 16 along the radial gliding of disc 18, under the effect of second pressure spring 20, the position of dog 16 is unchangeable, disc 18 and worm wheel 7 unidirectional rotation, when press bar 19 slided down, connecting rod 21 drives dog 16 and draws close to the centre in disc 18, dog 16 breaks away from with driving lever 15 completely.

In order to ensure the stability of the first screw cap 3 sliding left and right on the frame 1, the frame 1 is provided with a T-shaped chute, and a T-shaped block sliding along the T-shaped chute is fixed at the lower end of the first screw cap 3.

The cylinder 11 is internally provided with a cavity 22, the piston 12 is in sealing fit with the cavity 22, the traction plate 13 is internally provided with a channel 23 communicated with the cavity 22, the channel 23 is communicated with a first through hole 14, the bottom end of the cavity 22 is provided with a sealing disc 24, the cylinder 11 is internally provided with a transverse plate 25 positioned below the piston 12, the sealing disc 24 is connected with the transverse plate 25 through a third pressure spring 26, the outer edge surface of the sealing disc 24 is spaced from the inner wall of the cavity 22, the lower end surface of the sealing disc 24 completely covers the channel 23, the middle of the sealing disc 24 is provided with a second through hole 27 communicated with the channel 23, the sealing disc 24 is hinged with a shielding plate 28 positioned below the second through hole 27, the upper end surface of the shielding plate 28 is connected with the inner wall of the second through hole 27 through a tension spring 29, when the piston 12 slides upwards in the cavity 22, the shielding plate 28 completely covers the second through hole 27 under the action of the tension spring 29, when the piston 12 stops moving, the position of the shielding plate 28 is unchanged, the sealing disc 24 completely seals the channel 23 under the action of the third compression spring 26 to prevent liquid from flowing out of the cavity 22, when the piston 12 slides downwards in the cavity 22, the sealing disc 24 is in sealing fit with the channel 23, the shielding plate 28 is turned outwards under the action of external pressure, the shielding plate 28 is separated from the second through hole 27, and the liquid in the cavity 22 flows into the channel 23 through the second through hole 27 and is discharged out of the first through hole 14.

In order that the second screw 8 can drive the second nut 9 to slide up and down, the sliding rod 10 is a polygonal rod, and the sliding rod 10 can only slide up and down and cannot rotate in the frame 4.

In order to adjust the height of the frame 1, the frame 1 is provided with telescopic fixing frames 30 in bilateral symmetry.

When the multifunctional extension device is used, when an incision is required to be expanded in a surgical operation, the fixing frame 30 can be fixed on a sickbed or a patient body according to actual needs, the fixing frame 30 is telescopic, the proper height is further adjusted, the traction plate 13 enters the incision, the requirement of the incision expansion is met, at the moment, the incision is expanded towards the left side as an example, the first lead screw 2 is rotated, the first lead screw 2 is rotatably connected with the rack 1, the first lead screw 2 is in threaded connection with the first nut 3, the rack 1 is provided with the T-shaped chute, the lower end of the first nut 3 is fixedly provided with the T-shaped block sliding along the T-shaped chute, the stability of the first nut 3 sliding left and right on the rack 1 is ensured, the first lead screw 2 drives the first nut 3 to slide left along the T-shaped chute, the right end of the first nut 3 is fixedly provided with the frame body 4, and the frame body;

the radial position in the first lead screw 2 is provided with a spline groove, the spline groove is in spline connection with a transmission shaft 5 which is rotationally connected with a frame body 4, the transmission shaft 5 rotates coaxially with the first lead screw 2 and slides leftwards along the spline groove under the action of the frame body 4, the transmission shaft 5 is coaxially fixed with a worm 6, the frame body 4 is rotationally connected with a second lead screw 8 in the vertical direction, the lower end of the second lead screw 8 is coaxially fixed with a disc 18, a unidirectional rotation mechanism is arranged between the disc 18 and the worm wheel 7, in the integral leftwards sliding process of the frame body 4, the relative positions of the worm 6 and the worm wheel 7 are not changed, so the worm 6 drives the worm wheel 7 to rotate together, under the action of a first pressure spring 17, a deflector rod 15 in the worm wheel 7 and a stop block 16 in the disc 18 are in a clamping state, the lower end of a pressing rod 19 is hinged with the stop block 16 through a connecting rod 21, and under, the position of the stop block 16 is not changed, so the worm wheel 7 drives the disc 18 to rotate together, the disc 18 coaxially fixes the second lead screw 8, the second lead screw 8 rotates in the frame body 4, the second lead screw 8 is in threaded connection with a second nut 9, the second nut 9 is fixed with a sliding rod 10 positioned on one side of the second lead screw 8, the sliding rod 10 is a polygonal rod and is in up-and-down sliding connection with the frame body 4, the sliding rod 10 can only slide up and down in the frame body 4 and can not rotate, and then the second lead screw 8 drives the second nut 9 and the sliding rod 10 to slide upwards;

a cylinder 11 is fixed at the lower end of the frame 4, a cavity 22 is arranged in the cylinder 11, the piston 12 is in sealing fit with the cavity 22, a channel 23 connected with the cavity 22 is arranged in the traction plate 13, the channel 23 is communicated with the first through hole 14, a sealing disc 24 is arranged at the bottom end of the cavity 22, a transverse plate 25 positioned below the piston 12 is arranged in the cylinder 11, the sealing disc 24 is connected with the transverse plate 25 through a third pressure spring 26, the outer edge surface of the sealing disc 24 is separated from the inner wall of the cavity 22, the lower end surface of the sealing disc 24 completely covers the channel 23, a second through hole 27 communicated with the channel 23 is arranged in the middle of the sealing disc 24, the sealing disc 24 is hinged with a shielding plate 28 positioned below the second through hole 27, the upper end surface of the shielding plate 28 is connected with the second through hole 27 through a tension spring 29, when the piston 12 slides upwards in the cavity 22, the shielding plate, meanwhile, the traction plate 13 continuously opens the incision, the hypodermis can have a blood seepage condition, under the action of the change of the air pressure around the blood, the blood can flow into the channel 23 through the first through hole 14, and then enters the cavity 22 from the gap between the sealing disc 24 and the inner wall of the cavity 22, the effect of automatically absorbing the blood around the incision is achieved, the incision is opened, and the effect of automatically absorbing the blood around the incision is achieved, the structure is ingenious, the operation is simple, when the piston 12 stops moving, the position of the shielding plate 28 is kept unchanged under the action of the tension spring 29, the channel 23 is completely sealed by the sealing disc 24 under the action of the third pressure spring 26, a sealed space is formed between the piston 12 and the sealing disc 24, the blood in the cavity 22 is effectively prevented from flowing backwards, the blood in the cylinder 11 is prevented from returning to the incision again, the operation environment;

a rectangular hollow frame is fixed in the middle of a frame 1, on the premise of ensuring the balance of the frame 1, the maximized operation visual field can be achieved, the operation observation is facilitated, after the operation is finished, a traction plate 13 needs to be reset, a first lead screw 2 is reversed, the first lead screw 2 drives a first nut 3 and a frame body 4 to slide rightwards and reset, a cylinder 11 and the traction plate 13 slide rightwards and reset along with the frame body 4, the first lead screw 2 is in splined connection with a transmission shaft 5, so that the transmission shaft 5 can coaxially rotate along with the first lead screw 2 in the process of sliding rightwards, the transmission shaft 5 drives a worm 6 to reverse, the worm 6 drives a worm wheel 7 to reverse, as a plurality of shift levers 15 are hinged on the inner circumference of the worm wheel 7, one side of the shift lever 15 is connected with the worm wheel 7 through a first pressure spring 17, a stop block 16 extrudes the shift lever 15, the shift lever 15 compresses the, therefore, the second screw rod 8 does not rotate, the upper and lower positions of the second screw cap 9 and the sliding rod 10 cannot be changed, so that blood in the cavity 22 cannot spill out in the process that the frame body 4 and the traction plate 13 reset rightwards, wound infection is effectively prevented, the blood can be kept in the cavity 22 after being absorbed by the cylinder 11, the operation environment is guaranteed, the frame 1 is symmetrically provided with opening mechanisms with the same structure leftwards and rightwards, and the opening mechanisms can be opened only aiming at one side of the incision and can also be opened at two sides of the incision according to the requirements of actual operations, so that the multifunctional surgical instrument is complete in function and convenient to operate;

after the operation, when the blood in the cylinder 11 needs to be cleaned, the pressing rod 19 is pressed down, the pressing rod 19 slides downwards in the second lead screw 8, the lower end of the pressing rod 19 is hinged with a plurality of connecting rods 21, the other end of each connecting rod 21 is connected with a stop 16, the pressing rod 19 drives the stop 16 to approach to the middle position of the disc 18, the stop 16 is completely separated from the shift lever 15, the second lead screw 8 is reversed, the second lead screw 8 drives the disc 18 to rotate, the worm wheel 7 does not rotate, the second lead screw 8 drives the second nut 9 to slide downwards, the second nut 9 drives the sliding rod 10 to slide downwards in the frame body 4, the rod 10 drives the piston 12 to move downwards, the sealing disc 24 is in sealing fit with the channel 23 under the action of external pressure, the shielding plate 28 turns outwards, the shielding plate 28 is separated from the second through hole 27, the liquid in the cavity 22 passes through the second through hole 27, The channel 23 and the first through hole 14 are discharged to achieve the purpose of cleaning, the traction plate 13 is placed in cleaning liquid, the pressing rod 19 is pressed down and the second lead screw 8 is repeatedly rotated in the positive and negative directions, and then the sliding rod 10 drives the piston 12 to continuously slide up and down in a reciprocating manner, so that the effect of complete disinfection is achieved, and the repeated use of instruments is facilitated.

Compared with the traditional device, the invention has the following advantages: 1) the lead screw nut transmission and the frame 1 structure are combined, the frame body 4 and the traction plate 13 are controlled to slide left and right integrally, so that the upper part of the incision is fully exposed in the incision expansion process, a good operation visual field is provided, the operation of medical staff is facilitated, the lead screw nut connection has certain self-locking performance, an additional locking device is not needed, the operation is simple, the size of the incision can be accurately adjusted, the trouble and labor are saved, the working efficiency is high, and the working load is reduced; 2) the linkage is good, the transmission shaft 5 can slide left and right in the spline groove while rotating by means of spline connection, in the process of incision expansion, a traction plate 13 extrudes a wound to generate a small amount of blood seepage, meanwhile, the worm 6 drives the worm wheel 7 to transmit, further, the second screw 8 drives the second nut 9 to slide upwards, the piston 12 is controlled to slide upwards in the cavity 22, the full-automatic blood suction function is realized, additional operation is not needed, special blood suction equipment is reduced, the operation environment is optimized, the work burden of medical staff is relieved, the structure is simple, time and labor are saved, the operation visual field range is guaranteed, the automation degree is high, and the device is convenient and practical; 3) in combination with a one-way transmission structure, in the process of resetting the traction plate 13, the worm 6 drives the worm wheel 7 to idle, the second lead screw 8 does not rotate, and further the position of the piston 12 is unchanged, and in combination with a backflow prevention structure, the blood in the cylinder 11 is ensured not to flow out, the blood is effectively prevented from spilling on a wound, secondary infection is prevented, and the probability of wound infection is reduced; 4) the bottom of the cavity 22 adopts a sealing device to prevent blood in the cavity 22 from flowing backwards, so that the sanitary environment of the operation is guaranteed, when the piston 12 slides upwards in the cavity 22, the shielding plate 28 is attached to the sealing disc 24 and integrally slides upwards, the blood flows into the cavity 22, when the piston 12 stops moving, the shielding plate 28 is attached to the sealing disc 24, the sealing disc 24 is attached to the bottom of the cavity 22 and completely covers the channel 23, so that the blood is kept in the cavity 22 and cannot flow out, when the piston 12 slides downwards, the sealing disc 24 is attached to the bottom of the cavity 22, the blocking column is separated from the sealing disc 24, and the blood flows out from the second through hole 27, so that the cleaning effect is achieved; 5) the pressing rod 19 controls the switch, so that the second lead screw 8 is controlled to rotate forward and backward on the premise that the worm wheel 7 does not rotate, the piston 12 slides up and down in a reciprocating mode, and the cavity 22 is cleaned repeatedly.

The invention has the advantages of ingenious structure, convenience, practicability, high automation degree and good linkage, can control the stretching movement of the stretching plate, realize the automatic absorption of blood around the incision and effectively prevent the blood from flowing backwards by only rotating the first lead screw, has simple structure, smaller volume, convenient use for medical staff, simple operation and high working efficiency, ensures the sanitary environment of an operating room, lightens the work burden of the medical staff and has great market potential.

Claims

1. The dilator for the surgical wound is characterized by comprising a rack (1), wherein two first lead screws (2) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right of the rack (1), the two first lead screws (2) are respectively rotatably connected with the rack (1), each first lead screw (2) is in threaded connection with a first nut (3) which slides left and right along the rack (1), a frame body (4) is fixed on one side of the first nut (3) far away from the end part of the rack (1), a transmission shaft (5) is in splined connection with the inner side of each first lead screw (2), the other end of the transmission shaft (5) is rotatably connected with the frame body (4), a worm and gear mechanism is arranged in the frame body (4), a worm (6) and the transmission shaft (5) are coaxially and fixedly connected in the worm and worm gear mechanism, a second lead screw (8) is coaxially arranged in a worm gear (7), and the second lead screw (8) is rotatably connected with the frame body (4, a one-way rotating mechanism is arranged between the second lead screw (8) and the worm wheel (7), the second lead screw (8) is in threaded connection with a second nut (9) parallel to the worm wheel (7), the second nut (9) is fixedly provided with a sliding rod (10) which slides up and down along the frame body (4), the lower end of the frame body (4) is fixedly provided with a cylinder (11), the lower end of the sliding rod (10) is fixedly provided with a piston (12) which slides up and down along the cylinder (11), the lower end of the cylinder (11) is fixedly provided with a traction plate (13), and the traction plate (13) is provided with a plurality of first through holes (14) communicated with the cylinder (11);

the unidirectional rotation mechanism comprises a shifting lever (15), a stop block (16) and a first pressure spring (17), the shifting lever (15) is hinged to a worm wheel (7), the circumference of the shifting lever (15) is uniformly distributed in the worm wheel (7), one side of the shifting lever (15) is connected with the worm wheel (7) through the first pressure spring (17), a disc (18) is coaxially fixed on a second lead screw (8), the stop block (16) corresponding to the shifting lever (15) is arranged in the disc (18), the worm wheel (7) rotates, the stop block (16) tightly clamps the shifting lever (15), the worm wheel (7) drives the disc (18) to rotate together, the disc (18) drives the second lead screw (8) to rotate, the worm wheel (7) rotates reversely, the stop block (16) extrudes the shifting lever (15), the shifting lever (15) compresses the first pressure spring (17), the worm wheel (7) idles, and the;

drum (11) inside be equipped with cavity (22), piston (12) and cavity (22) sealed cooperation, inside be equipped with communicating passageway (23) of cavity (22) traction plate (13), passageway (23) are linked together with first through-hole (14), cavity (22) bottom is equipped with sealed dish (24), be equipped with diaphragm (25) that are located piston (12) below in drum (11), sealed dish (24) are connected with diaphragm (24) through third pressure spring (26), the outer fringe face and cavity (22) inner wall of sealed dish (24) have the interval, terminal surface covers passageway (23) completely under sealed dish (24), be equipped with second through-hole (27) that are linked together with passageway (23) in the middle of sealed dish (24), sealed dish (24) articulate sunshade (28) that are located second through-hole (27) below, sunshade (28) up end is through extension spring (29) and second through-hole (27) inner wall connection.

2. A dilator for surgical wounds, according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressing rod (19) sliding up and down is provided in the second lead screw (8), the upper end of the pressing rod (19) is connected to the second lead screw (8) via a second compression spring (20), the pressing rod (19) is hinged to a connecting rod (21) symmetrical with respect to the center of the second lead screw (8), the other end of the connecting rod (21) is hinged to a stopper (16) sliding radially along the disk (18), the position of the stopper (16) is unchanged under the action of the second compression spring (20), the disk (18) and the worm wheel (7) rotate in one direction, when the pressing rod (19) slides down, the connecting rod (21) drives the stopper (16) to move towards the middle in the disk (18), and the stopper (16) is completely separated from the shift lever (15).

3. An expander for surgical wounds, according to claim 1, characterised in that the frame (1) is provided with a T-shaped chute and the lower end of the first nut (3) is fixed with a T-shaped block sliding along the T-shaped chute.

4. A dilator for surgical wounds, according to claim 1, characterized in that said sliding rod (10) is a polygonal rod, and the sliding rod (10) can slide only up and down, but not rotate, in the frame (4).

5. A dilator for surgical wounds, according to claim 1, characterised in that said frame (1) is provided with telescopic holders (30) in bilateral symmetry.