CN108834067B - Wireless positioning system for indoor personnel and equipment in locomotive production workshop and working method thereof - Google Patents
Wireless positioning system for indoor personnel and equipment in locomotive production workshop and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108834067B CN108834067B CN201810733509.5A CN201810733509A CN108834067B CN 108834067 B CN108834067 B CN 108834067B CN 201810733509 A CN201810733509 A CN 201810733509A CN 108834067 B CN108834067 B CN 108834067B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/021—Services related to particular areas, e.g. point of interest [POI] services, venue services or geofences
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
- G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
- G06K17/0029—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device the arrangement being specially adapted for wireless interrogation of grouped or bundled articles tagged with wireless record carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/029—Location-based management or tracking services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/33—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for indoor environments, e.g. buildings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless positioning system for indoor personnel and equipment in a locomotive production workshop and a working method thereof, wherein the system comprises an information acquisition module, a positioning module, a wireless transmission module and an intelligent display module; the information acquisition module of the invention comprises portable information acquisition equipment consisting of an UHFRFID active electronic tag. Compared with the traditional low-high frequency electronic tag, the UHFRFID electronic tag is high in transmission rate, 3-5 m long-distance information acquisition can be realized by arranging the high-frequency antenna, the coverage area of the electronic tag is remarkably improved, the information is acquired in real time without influencing on-site production, and the UHFRFID electronic tag is very suitable for on-site production line production. The wireless transmission module is a free frequency band ad-hoc network constructed by LoRa modules, and by constructing a LoRaWAN network topological structure, the wireless transmission module can reduce the network cost, realize the transmission distance of 1 kilometer or even several kilometers, and fully meet the requirements of factory environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless positioning technology, in particular to an indoor personnel and equipment wireless positioning system in a locomotive production workshop and a working method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the rail transit system in China and the increase of the number of intelligent factories under the background of the strategy of 2025 manufacturing in China, the efficient management of personnel and equipment becomes a development demand. At present, low-frequency and high-frequency passive RFID equipment is mostly adopted in the market to collect personnel equipment information, the specific position of the personnel equipment is measured and calculated according to a trilateration algorithm, and the position information is transmitted to an intelligent terminal through a wired network or a Wifi network. At present, the locomotive production workshop on the market mainly depends on low and high frequency passive RFID electronic tags for positioning personnel equipment. The low-frequency and high-frequency electronic tags have low frequency, have the defects of short reading and writing distance, low transmission rate and the like, and when the high-frequency and low-frequency electronic tags are used in a large-scale factory, the requirement of a reader-writer is large, the equipment cost is increased invisibly, and the high-frequency and low-frequency electronic tags are not suitable for being popularized and used in the large-scale factory. In the aspect of data transmission, wired network cables are complex and are not suitable for complex factory environments, and WIFI has a small coverage area and cannot effectively cover a huge factory although cables do not need to be arranged, and certain defects also exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to design a wireless positioning system for indoor personnel and equipment in a locomotive production workshop and a working method thereof, wherein the wireless positioning system is low in cost, wide in coverage range, high in transmission rate and high in positioning accuracy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the wireless positioning system for the indoor personnel and equipment in the locomotive production workshop comprises an information acquisition module, a positioning module, a wireless transmission module and an intelligent display module; the information acquisition module is sequentially connected with the positioning module, the wireless transmission module and the intelligent display module in a bidirectional way;
the information acquisition module comprises an acquisition micro-control unit and a radio frequency module and is used for acquiring data for positioning and tracking personnel and equipment. The acquisition micro-control unit is connected with a radio frequency module, and the radio frequency module adopts a CC1110 radio frequency chip. The acquisition micro-control unit controls the radio frequency module and processes radio carrier signals sent by the RFID reader-writer.
The positioning module comprises an RFID reader-writer, a positioning LoRa module and a positioning micro-control unit, and the positioning micro-control unit is connected with the RFID reader-writer and the positioning LoRa module respectively. The RFID reader uses an improved DV-Hop algorithm, the improved DV-Hop algorithm selects the optimal average Hop distance by calculating the fitness of a plurality of average Hop distances, and then iterates the optimal average Hop distance for a plurality of times, so that the final optimal Hop distance is found, the optimal Hop distance error is shortened, and the position information error of personnel and equipment is shortened to 0.8 m. Location loRa module be responsible for with wireless transmission module's loRa module communication, the personnel's equipment information that the transmission was gathered: the positioning micro-control unit is responsible for processing the RFID electronic tag information read by the RFID reader-writer, processing the data and positioning the position of personnel and equipment by using an improved DV-Hop algorithm. The RFID reader-writer is responsible for reading personnel and equipment information carried by the RFID electronic tag, demodulating and decoding data, and transmitting the information carried by the RFID electronic tag to the positioning micro-control unit.
The wireless transmission module comprises an LoRa wireless module and a transmission micro-control unit, and the wireless transmission module is responsible for data transmission between the positioning module and the intelligent display module. The wireless transmission module adopts an OTAA network access mechanism of a LoRAWAN protocol to realize the automatic network access of the positioning module.
The intelligent display module comprises an intelligent terminal, a large screen and a mobile terminal, and tracking and management of personnel and equipment in a plant area are realized by establishing an accurate personnel and equipment state judgment algorithm and a friendly human-computer interface.
Further, the acquisition micro-control unit, the positioning micro-control unit and the transmission micro-control unit are high-frequency STM32F407 based on M4 kernel microcontrollers in ideological semiconductor production.
Furthermore, the information acquisition module, the positioning module and the wireless transmission module comprise independent power modules.
Further, the RFID active electronic tag is a high-frequency medium-long distance onboard RFID active tag.
The working method of the wireless positioning system for the personnel and equipment in the locomotive production workshop comprises the following steps:
A. and (5) initializing the system.
B. And the RFID reader-writer sends a radio carrier signal to pair the RFID reader-writer.
C. And the RFID electronic tag is activated and sends personnel and equipment information to the RFID reader-writer.
D. The RFID reader-writer adopts an improved DV-Hop algorithm to identify the received data, and if the data format is correct, the data are demodulated and decoded at the same time; and if the data is wrong, the data is abandoned and is received again from the RFID electronic tag.
E. And the positioning microcontroller processes the decoding information of the RFID reader-writer to obtain the specific position of the personnel equipment.
F. The positioning microcontroller sends the personnel equipment information to the wireless transmission module.
G. The wireless transmission module identifies the received data, and if the data format is correct, the data is demodulated and decoded; and if the data is wrong, abandoning the data and receiving the data again from the positioning module.
H. And the wireless transmission module combines the factory information with the received personnel and equipment information, and adds the synchronous code and the check code to package into a frame.
I. The wireless transmission module sends the information to the intelligent display module and displays the information.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the portable information acquisition equipment of the invention consists of an UHFRFID active electronic tag (CC1110 radio frequency chip). Compared with the traditional low-high frequency electronic tag, the UHFRFID electronic tag is high in transmission rate, 3-5 m long-distance information acquisition can be realized by arranging the high-frequency antenna, the coverage area of the electronic tag is remarkably improved, the information is acquired in real time without influencing on-site production, and the UHFRFID electronic tag is very suitable for on-site production line production.
2. Because the wireless transmission module is a free frequency band ad hoc network constructed by LoRa modules, the LoRaWAN network topology structure is constructed, the network cost is reduced, the transmission distance of 1 kilometer or even several kilometers is realized, and the requirements of the factory environment are fully met.
3. The invention is a new system different from the traditional positioning system, which is formed by a microcontroller of a high-frequency STM32F407 produced by an ideological semiconductor based on an M4 kernel, a high-frequency medium-long distance onboard RFID active tag, an RFID reader-writer and a medium-long distance LoRa networking structure. The invention uses the improved DV-Hop algorithm to shorten the position information error of personnel and equipment to about 0.8m, and greatly improves the positioning precision. Through LORA network topology, extend the transmission distance of loRa network to 1 kilometer or even several kilometers, introduce loRa gateway into equipment, personnel's positioning information from loRa terminal node, reentry loRa server, network operation server promptly. And finally to the user application server. The data center can analyze the big data of the information, make reasonable personnel division and plan reasonable production processes, can monitor the position of the valuable equipment at any time, effectively avoids the loss of the valuable equipment, has great significance for intelligent production and visual monitoring of the train manufacturing industry in China, and accords with the development direction of the intellectualization of modern railway production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a tag information collection flow diagram.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of an improved DV-Hop algorithm.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a LoRa network topology.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the OTAA network entry mechanism.
Fig. 6 is a data transmission flow chart.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the working method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 1, the specific working contents of the working method of the wireless positioning system for personnel and equipment in the locomotive production workshop are as follows:
the information acquisition module acquires personnel and equipment information of each station through the RFID electronic tag. Each information acquisition module can detect information of a plurality of RFID electronic tags. And the RFID reader receives the data transmitted by the UHFRFID electronic tag for processing and fusion, and the personnel equipment is positioned by an improved DV-Hop algorithm. And then, information is fed back to the terminal intelligent display module by using a wireless transmission module consisting of the LORA module and the transmission micro-control unit, so that specific processing is carried out by working personnel through operations such as monitoring, inquiring, deciding, operating and the like.
Fig. 2 is a tag information collection flow diagram. The UHFRFID electronic tag is attached to the equipment by the aid of portable equipment carried by workers, so that personnel and equipment can be positioned. A positioning module is arranged at a fixed station, and UHFRFID electronic tags are read to obtain personnel and equipment information. The positioning module collects the work once every two seconds, and if no label data exists, the positioning module continues to wait. If the label data is collected, the label is identified. If error is found, discarding, if correct, extracting the information in the label, adding the station information, adding the frame header to form a complete frame. And then sent to the relay. The collection process is complete.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of an improved DV-Hop algorithm. The basic idea of the classic DV-Hop node algorithm is that the Hop count of a target node is calculated by using a distance vector routing method, the distance between a node to be estimated and an anchor node is further measured, and then the positioning coordinate estimation is carried out on the node to be estimated by using the calculation scheme of each node coordinate. The method is improved from the aspect of Hop distance because the error of the classical DV-Hop algorithm is large, when the anchor node calculates the average Hop distance for the first time, the fitness of a plurality of average Hop distances is calculated, the optimal solution of the average Hop distance is solved, iteration is carried out for a plurality of times, the final optimal average Hop distance is calculated, then the optimal average Hop distance is broadcasted out and used as the standard for selecting the anchor node by an unknown node, the error caused by the average Hop distance is reduced, and the positioning accuracy is improved.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a LoRaWAN network topology. According to the characteristics of large factory area range and high transmission distance requirement, the invention adopts the LoRa module to establish the ad hoc network. By constructing a LoRaWAN network topology structure, the transmission distance of the LoRa network is expanded to 1 kilometer or even several kilometers. Compared with a traditional close-range WIFI network, the LoRa network has the advantages of long propagation distance, free frequency band, low power and the like, and improves the transmission efficiency while saving the maintenance cost.
The LoRaWAN network topology structure mainly comprises four parts, namely a terminal (a built-in LoRa module), a gateway (or called a base station), a server and a cloud, and application data can be transmitted in a two-way mode. In the network architecture of the invention, the Lora gateway is a transparent relay, connected with the front-end terminal equipment and the back-end central server. The gateway and the server are connected through a standard IP, the terminal equipment adopts single hop to communicate with one or more gateways, and all nodes are in bidirectional communication. The invention adopts a star LoRaWAN network architecture. The star type is a typical networking mode of the Lora wireless networking module, the operation control protocol and the function of the Internet of things are integrated in the networking module, the plug and play are realized, and a user does not need to develop and set a complex protocol.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the OTAA network entry mechanism. The invention adopts OTAA (Over-The-Air Activation) network access mechanism to realize The automatic network access of The information acquisition module. OTAA is an over-the-air network access method for LoRaWAN. When the node is in a non-network-access state when being powered on, the node needs to be accessed to the network first to communicate with the server. The operation is that the node sends a Join _ request message to request network access, then the server agrees to network access and returns a Join-accept message, the node analyzes the information to obtain the communication parameters, and then the node can communicate with the server.
The node for accessing the network in the OTAA mode is not in a network access state when being powered on, and at this time, network access operation needs to be performed. The process is as follows:
a node sends a network access request, namely a join _ request message;
2, the GW receives the data of the node and uploads the data to the server;
3. the server receives the network access request, agrees to network access, registers the equipment in the server, establishes the relation between the long address and the short address, generates a communication key, packs the parameters of the communication key and sends the parameters to GW (gateway-access message);
4, the GW receives the data of the server and sends the data to the node;
and 5, the node obtains the DevAddr, the APPSKKEY and the NWKSKEY according to the issued data packet.
Fig. 6 is a data transmission flow chart. And after the positioning module reads the content of the RFID electronic tag, the data is sent to a positioning Micro Control Unit (MCU) for processing, and the positioning micro control unit adds the number information of the station in a data frame. After being processed, the data are sent to the intelligent display module through the wireless transmission module.
After the acquisition is completed, the data frame is transmitted, each station sends the frame to the relay through the LoRa ad hoc network through the own transmitting module, and after the relay receives the frame, whether the frame is effective information is identified, and if not, the frame is discarded. If the information is valid, adding the factory label of the user into the frame, and re-encapsulating the frame into a new frame. And then the data is sent to the PC terminal through the wireless module of the PC terminal.
Table 1 data frame structure diagram
Table 1 is a schematic diagram of a data frame structure. Table 1 shows a novel data frame structure designed by the present invention, which is used for information transfer of an RFID tag. The data frame structure includes synchronization codes, analog data, digital information, logic information, and CRC validation codes. The method comprises the following specific steps:
synchronization code: the receiving device is synchronized with the data to prevent data loss.
Simulation data: the voltage current of the portable device changes.
Third, digital information: digital information carried by the RFID.
Logic information: disconnection of the portable device.
CRC validation code: a data frame error is detected.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and any equivalent idea or change within the technical scope of the present invention is to be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. Indoor personnel in locomotive workshop and the wireless positioning system of equipment, its characterized in that: the system comprises an information acquisition module, a positioning module, a wireless transmission module and an intelligent display module; the information acquisition module is sequentially connected with the positioning module, the wireless transmission module and the intelligent display module in a bidirectional way;
the information acquisition module comprises an acquisition micro-control unit and a radio frequency module and is used for acquiring data for positioning and tracking personnel and equipment; the acquisition micro-control unit is connected with a radio frequency module, and the radio frequency module adopts a CC1110 radio frequency chip; the acquisition micro-control unit controls the radio frequency module and processes a radio carrier signal sent by the RFID reader-writer;
the positioning module comprises an RFID reader-writer, a positioning LoRa module and a positioning micro-control unit, and the positioning micro-control unit is respectively connected with the RFID reader-writer and the positioning LoRa module; the RFID reader uses an improved DV-Hop algorithm, the improved DV-Hop algorithm selects the optimal average Hop distance by calculating the fitness of a plurality of average Hop distances, and then iterates the optimal average Hop distance for a plurality of times, so that the final optimal Hop distance is found, the optimal Hop distance error is shortened, and the position information error of personnel and equipment is shortened to 0.8 m; location loRa module be responsible for with wireless transmission module's loRa module communication, the personnel's equipment information that the transmission was gathered: the positioning micro-control unit is responsible for processing the RFID electronic tag information read by the RFID reader-writer, processing the data and positioning the position of personnel and equipment by using an improved DV-Hop algorithm; the RFID reader-writer is responsible for reading personnel and equipment information carried by the RFID electronic tag, demodulating and decoding data and transmitting the information carried by the RFID electronic tag to the positioning micro-control unit;
the wireless transmission module comprises an LoRa wireless module and a transmission micro-control unit, and the wireless transmission module is responsible for data transmission between the positioning module and the intelligent display module; the wireless transmission module adopts an OTAA network access mechanism of a LoRAWAN protocol to realize automatic network access of the positioning module;
the intelligent display module comprises an intelligent terminal, a large screen and a mobile terminal, and tracking and management of plant personnel and equipment are realized by establishing a personnel equipment state judgment algorithm and a human-computer interface.
2. The locomotive production shop indoor personnel and equipment wireless location system of claim 1, wherein: the acquisition micro-control unit, the positioning micro-control unit and the transmission micro-control unit are high-frequency STM32F407 microcontrollers based on M4 kernels in ideological semiconductor production.
3. The locomotive production shop indoor personnel and equipment wireless location system of claim 1, wherein: the information acquisition module, the positioning module and the wireless transmission module all comprise independent power modules.
4. The locomotive production shop indoor personnel and equipment wireless location system of claim 1, wherein: the RFID active electronic tag is a high-frequency medium-long distance onboard RFID active tag.
5. The working method of the wireless positioning system for the indoor personnel and equipment in the locomotive production workshop is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. initializing a system;
B. the RFID reader-writer sends a radio carrier signal to pair the RFID reader-writer;
C. the RFID electronic tag is activated and sends personnel and equipment information to the RFID reader-writer;
D. the RFID reader-writer adopts an improved DV-Hop algorithm to identify the received data, the improved DV-Hop algorithm selects the optimal average Hop distance by calculating the fitness of a plurality of average Hop distances, and then iterates the optimal average Hop distance for a plurality of times, so that the final optimal Hop distance is found, the optimal Hop distance error is shortened, and the position information error of personnel and equipment is shortened to 0.8 m; if the data format is correct, demodulating and decoding the data at the same time; if the data is wrong, the data is abandoned and is received again from the RFID electronic tag;
E. the positioning microcontroller processes the decoding information of the RFID reader-writer to obtain the specific position of personnel equipment;
F. the positioning microcontroller sends the personnel equipment information to the wireless transmission module;
G. the wireless transmission module identifies the received data, and if the data format is correct, the data is demodulated and decoded; if the data is wrong, the data is abandoned and is received again from the positioning module;
H. the wireless transmission module combines the factory information with the received personnel and equipment information, and adds a synchronous code and a check code to package the information into a frame;
I. the wireless transmission module sends the information to the intelligent display module and displays the information.
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| CN102740456A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-10-17 | 南京信息工程大学 | Node positioning method of wireless sensor network |
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| CN101004449A (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2007-07-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Weighted distance - vector method for positioning wireless sensor network |
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