CN108833312A - It is a kind of based on delay-Doppler domain when be thinned out underwater acoustic channel estimation method - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on delay-Doppler domain when be thinned out underwater acoustic channel estimation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108833312A CN108833312A CN201810586326.5A CN201810586326A CN108833312A CN 108833312 A CN108833312 A CN 108833312A CN 201810586326 A CN201810586326 A CN 201810586326A CN 108833312 A CN108833312 A CN 108833312A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
- H04L25/0242—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms using matrix methods
Abstract
It is thinned out underwater acoustic channel estimation method when the present invention relates to a kind of based on delay-Doppler domain, firstly, delay-Doppler domain modeling is carried out for time- variant channel, to obtain sparse the two-dimensional field expression way, on the basis of delay-Doppler domain expression.Using block-by-block training mode, and the sparse underwater acoustic channel impulse response function of delay-Doppler domain is obtained in conjunction with the iteration optimizing of Schmidt's orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, by estimated obtained delay-Doppler domain underwater acoustic channel information, in receiving end, constructs the least mean-square error balanced device based on channel information and restore to signal is sent.This invention is suitable for time- variant channel estimation, underwater sound communication.The present invention has the beneficial effect that：The present invention is based on Schimidt orthogonalizations to select matched atoms, effectively prevents redundant computation, so that the delay-Doppler underwater acoustic channel estimated result that the present invention generates has higher precision.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fields such as underwater sound communication and Underwater acoustic signal processing, are related to a kind of time-varying based on delay-Doppler domain
Sparse underwater acoustic channel estimation method, the estimation method is by improve to the estimation performance of time- variant channel.
Background technique
The problems such as underwater acoustic channel estimation and underwater sound communication, can all be attributed to the Estimation Optimization problem of impulse response function, be based on
Training sequence and the signal received are to estimate time- variant channel sparse expression.Currently, to the estimation side of underwater acoustic channel
Method includes the block-by-block estimation frame of finite impulse response frame and delay-Doppler domain.The algorithm details of finite impulse response frame
Referring specifically to《New sparse adaptive algorithms based on the natural gradient and the
L0-norm》, it is published within this article 2013《IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering》38th phase, first page number
It is 323.The block-by-block estimation frame of delay-Doppler domain is detailed in《Estimation of rapidly time-varying
sparse channels》It is published within this article 2007《IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering》32nd phase,
First page number is 927.
Multipath extension and time-varying characteristics due to underwater acoustic channel cause to estimate extremely the impulse response function of underwater acoustic channel
Difficulty, it is therefore, not good enough for the algorithm effect under finite impulse response frame.In view of the multipath extension of underwater acoustic channel and time-varying
Characteristic can be portrayed by the delay-Doppler domain of underwater acoustic channel.The present invention will establish on the basis of the model, to the time-varying underwater sound
Channel is estimated.However parameter to be estimated is various, matrix is computationally intensive, and fortunately, compression sensing method can provide
Strategy is effectively estimated.However, the underwater acoustic channel impulse response function of practical sea data is not stringent sparse signal, therefore,
Existing compressed sensing algorithm is difficult to directly apply.The present invention proposes on the basis of matching pursuit algorithm, to the original of selection update
Son carries out Schimidt orthogonalization processing, to avoid the redundancy iteration of atom in the selection process.Obtaining delay-Doppler domain
After underwater acoustic channel estimation, the least mean-square error office weighing apparatus of the two-dimensional field is established, to recover transmission signal message.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems to be solved
In order to avoid the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention propose it is a kind of based on delay-Doppler domain when be thinned out water
The underwater acoustic channel impulse response function of time-varying multipath is effectively estimated out in Acoustic channel estimation method.
Technical solution
It is a kind of based on delay-Doppler domain when be thinned out underwater acoustic channel estimation method, it is characterised in that steps are as follows：
Step 1, setup delay Doppler domain model：
1, setting parameter Δ t, Δ τ and Δ f are respectively the sampling interval of observation time, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, discrete
The observation time of change is expressed as tn=n Δ t, n=1 ..., the time delay of N, discretization are expressed as：
τm=τ0+ (m-1) Δ τ, m=1 ..., M (1)
Wherein parameter τ0It is with reference to time delay, M is the largest time delay sampling dimension, referred to as underwater acoustic channel order；
2, the response of discretization time varying channel is h [tn,τm], the Doppler for defining sampling is：
fl=f0+ (l-1) Δ f, l=1 ..., L (2)
Wherein f0It is the smallest values of Doppler frequency shift, L is the largest Doppler sample dimension, and therefore, two-dimensional time delay-is more
General Le dimension size is expressed as LM；
IfWherein fsIt is signal frequency sample rate, then the input/output relation formula of discretization is：
W is noise；
Define u=[u1,1,…,u1,M,u2,1,…,u2,M,…,uL,1,…,uL,M]T, dimension be (LM) × 1, then when
The input/output relation for prolonging Doppler domain is expressed as：
WhereinDimension be L × 1,Indicate Kronecker product, x
[tn]=[xn+M-1,…,xn+1,xn]TDimension be M × 1；
Define y={ y [t1],y[t2],…,y[tN]}T,A={ a [t1],a[t2],…,a
[tN]}H, obtain following input/output relation：
Y=Au+w (5)
It is respectively N × (LM), (LM) × 1 that wherein the dimension of y and w, which is all the dimension of N × 1, A and u,；
Channel impulse response function u estimation specific method be：
1. input paramete information is arranged：Matrix A and reception signal y, are arranged algorithm termination condition
2. output parameter information is arranged：Channel impulse response Function Estimation value u；
3. initializing：Initial estimate is null vector u{0}=0：Initial residual error r{0}=y；Primary iteration number i=0；Just
Beginning channel impulse response function support integrates as empty set
4. judge whether algorithm termination condition meets, i.e., whether | | r | | < rth, if so, stopping iteration, if it is not, then pressing
According to following iterative iteration：
P{1}=v{1}(v{1}Tv{1})-1v{1}T (7)
r{1}=r{0}-P{1}y (8)
For the atom of i-th selectionShould with it is selected before orthogonal, therefore the orthogonal vectors of i-th are：
The projection matrix for obtaining i-th is：
P{i}=v{i}(v{i}Tv{i})-1v{i}T (10)
The residual error of i-th is updated to：
r{i}=r{i-1}-P{i}y (11)
Supported collection updates：
S{i}=S{i-1}∪s{i} (12)
Next pseudo-inverse operation is sought：
The underwater acoustic channel impulse response function of estimation is：
Step 2：The output of this MMSE balanced device is shown as the estimated value table for sending signal：
Wherein I indicates unit matrix,Indicating the parameter of noise energy, y indicates the signal vector of receiving end, andIt indicates
Balanced device to send end signal estimated value, and
Wherein
It is the diagonal matrix of a N × N, and matrix UlDimension is N × Ns, by vector ul=[U (0, l) ..., U (M-1,
l)]TIt constructs, specific arrangement mode is：
Beneficial effect
It is proposed by the present invention it is a kind of based on delay-Doppler domain when be thinned out underwater acoustic channel estimation method, firstly, being directed to
Time- variant channel carries out delay-Doppler domain modeling, to obtain sparse the two-dimensional field expression way, in delay-Doppler domain
On the basis of expression.Using block-by-block training mode, and it is more to combine the iteration optimizing of Schmidt's orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to obtain time delay
The general sparse underwater acoustic channel impulse response function for strangling domain is connecing estimated obtained delay-Doppler domain underwater acoustic channel information
Receiving end, least mean-square error balanced device of the construction based on channel information restore to signal is sent.When this invention is suitable for
Become underwater acoustic channel estimation, underwater sound communication.
The present invention utilizes the iteration frame of match tracing, and updates atom selection course using Schmidt's orthogonal method, from
And realize that the sequence error of iteration minimizes, and avoids redundancy iteration.Finally accurately select required atomic building group moment
Battle array.To recover sparse underwater acoustic channel, in conjunction with the underwater acoustic channel estimated value of the two-dimensional field, least mean-square error balanced device is constructed,
It is final to realize to transmission signaling protein14-3-3.
To be based on Schimidt orthogonalization match tracing method, the underwater acoustic channel to estimation time delay Doppler domain rushes the present invention
Swash receptance function, has the beneficial effect that：The present invention is based on Schimidt orthogonalizations to select matched atoms, effectively prevents redundancy meter
It calculates, so that the delay-Doppler underwater acoustic channel estimated result that the present invention generates has higher precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is traditional least mean-square error (Least Square, LS), match tracing method (Matching
Pursuit, MP) and the method for the present invention (Schmidt Matching Pursuit, SMP) to the time domain channels of one group of sea examination data
Estimated result comparison diagram.
Fig. 2 is traditional least mean-square error (Least Square, LS), match tracing method (Matching
Pursuit, MP) and the method for the present invention (Schmidt Matching Pursuit, SMP) to the group sea examination data time delay it is how general
Strangle domain channel estimation results comparison diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the balanced device planisphere based on three kinds of channel estimation results exports comparative result figure.
Fig. 4 is the sequence error comparison diagram based on three kinds of channel estimation results.
Specific embodiment
Now in conjunction with embodiment, attached drawing, the invention will be further described：
Referring to Fig.1, using QPSK coding mode, in conjunction with Carrier Modulation, data carry out processed offline, and symbol sampler frequency is
4kHz, in the input/output relation formula of the two-dimensional field, the line number of matrix is set as 50, and columns 400, Doppler domain dimension is 19,
Frequency search range is -4 to 4Hz.MP and SMP the number of iterations is set as 25.Obtained result is as shown in Figure 1, can from Fig. 1
Out, LS algorithm is not due to having sparse constraint, so that false multipath occurs in the underwater acoustic channel of estimation, and MP with SMP algorithm is compared
LS algorithm makes moderate progress, and SMP algorithm uses Schimidt orthogonalization strategy, it is made to avoid redundancy iteration in iteration, because
This obtains more accurate estimated result.
1. delay-Doppler domain underwater acoustic channel estimates model, specific implementation step is：
(1) setting parameter Δ t, Δ τ and Δ f are respectively the sampling interval of observation time, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, from
The observation time of dispersion is expressed as tn=n Δ t, n=1 ..., the time delay of N, discretization are expressed as：
τm=τ0+ (m-1) Δ τ, m=1 ..., M (1)
Wherein parameter τ0It is with reference to time delay, M is the largest time delay sampling dimension, referred to as underwater acoustic channel order.
(2) response of discretization time varying channel is h [tn,τm].Defining the Doppler sampled is：
fl=f0+ (l-1) Δ f, l=1 ..., L (2)
Wherein f0It is the smallest values of Doppler frequency shift being likely to occur, L is the largest Doppler sample dimension.Therefore, two
The delay-Doppler dimension size of dimension is expressed as LM.IfWherein fsIt is signal frequency sample rate, then discretization
Input/output relation formula can be written as：
(3) u=[u is defined1,1,…,u1,M,u2,1,…,u2,M,…,uL,1,…,uL,M]T, dimension is (LM) × 1, then
The input/output relation of delay-Doppler domain can be expressed as：
WhereinDimension be L × 1,Indicate Kronecker product, x
[tn]=[xn+M-1,…,xn+1,xn]TDimension be M × 1.Define y={ y [t1],y[t2],…,y[tN]}T,Following input/output relation can be obtained：
Y=Au+w (5)
It is respectively N × (LM), (LM) × 1 that wherein the dimension of y and w, which is all the dimension of N × 1, A and u,.
2. the specific method of channel impulse response function u estimation is：
1. input paramete information is arranged：Matrix A and reception signal y, are arranged algorithm termination condition
2. output parameter information is arranged：Channel impulse response Function Estimation value u
3. initializing：Initial estimate is null vector u{0}=0：Initial residual error r{0}=y；Primary iteration number i=0；Just
Beginning channel impulse response function support integrates as empty set
4. judge whether algorithm termination condition meets, i.e., whether | | r | | < rth, if so, stop iteration, if it is not,
Then according to following iterative iteration：
P{1}=v{1}(v{1}Tv{1})-1v{1}T (7)
r{1}=r{0}-P{1}y (8)
For the atom of i-th selectionShould with it is selected before orthogonal, therefore the orthogonal vectors of i-th are：
Therefore the projection matrix for obtaining i-th is：
P{i}=v{i}(v{i}Tv{i})-1v{i}T (10)
The residual error of i-th is updated to：
r{i}=r{i-1}-P{i}y (11)
Supported collection updates：
S{i}=S{i-1}∪s{i} (12)
Next pseudo-inverse operation is sought：
The underwater acoustic channel impulse response function finally estimated is：
κ nonzero component can be obtained at iteration κ times in the mentioned algorithm of the present invention, can be with due to Schimidt orthogonalization operation
Redundant computation and the redundancy of atom is effectively avoided to select.
3. final MMSE balanced device output is shown as the estimated value table for sending signal:
Wherein I indicates unit matrix,Indicate the parameter of noise energy.Y indicates the signal vector of receiving end, andIt indicates
Balanced device is to the estimated value for sending end signal.And
Wherein
It is the diagonal matrix of a N × N, and matrix UlDimension is N × Ns, by vector ul=[U (0, l) ..., U (M-1,
l)]TIt constructs.Specifically arrangement mode is
Underwater acoustic channel estimated result based on delay-Doppler domain is as shown in Fig. 2, the underwater acoustic channel on the two-dimensional field is estimated
Problem also can be considered underdetermined problem, LS algorithm in the two-dimensional field optimization process due to not to the sparse constraint of underwater acoustic channel,
The result for estimating it is relatively rough, and MP and SMP algorithm uses sparse constraint, and SMP algorithm is orthogonal using Schmidt
To avoid the redundancy iteration in searching process, therefore obtain more accurate estimated result.
Further to investigate influence of the estimated result caused by the present invention to transmission signal is restored.Estimating according to fig. 2
The two-dimensional equalization device that meter result carries out minimum mean square error criterion respectively calculates, to obtain the planisphere of balanced device output result.
Since channel estimation results are more accurate, then the balanced device output based on channel estimation more has more compact planisphere, therefore can
With the result by planisphere judge estimated result it is accurate whether.From figure 3, it can be seen that SMP algorithm is beneficial to
The underwater acoustic channel of balanced device output is accurately estimated.
It for the estimation performance for further showing three kinds of methods, is compared using sequence error, provides receive signal thus
Energy size as reference.As a result as shown in Figure 4, it can be seen that the sequence error of LS algorithm estimation is maximum, illustrates estimation essence
Degree is not high, and SMP algorithm obtains and accurately estimates that having benefited from Schmidt's orthogonal iteration avoids redundant computation, to obtain excellent
In the performance of MP algorithm.
The present invention achieves apparent implementation result in the sea examination data that sparse underwater acoustic channel is estimated, with classical LS and
MP algorithm is compared, and no matter the precision of estimated result of the present invention all increases in time domain or delay-Doppler domain.
Claims (1)
1. it is a kind of based on delay-Doppler domain when be thinned out underwater acoustic channel estimation method, it is characterised in that steps are as follows：
Step 1, setup delay Doppler domain model：
1, setting parameter Δ t, Δ τ and Δ f are respectively the sampling interval of observation time, time delay and Doppler frequency shift, discretization
Observation time is expressed as tn=n Δ t, n=1 ..., the time delay of N, discretization are expressed as：
τm=τ0+ (m-1) Δ τ, m=1 ..., M (1)
Wherein parameter τ0It is with reference to time delay, M is the largest time delay sampling dimension, referred to as underwater acoustic channel order；
2, the response of discretization time varying channel is h [tn,τm], the Doppler for defining sampling is：
fl=f0+ (l-1) Δ f, l=1 ..., L (2)
Wherein f0It is the smallest values of Doppler frequency shift, L is the largest Doppler sample dimension, therefore, two-dimensional delay-Doppler
Dimension size is expressed as LM；
IfWherein fsIt is signal frequency sample rate, then the input/output relation formula of discretization is：
W is noise；
Define u=[u1,1,…,u1,M,u2,1,…,u2,M,…,uL,1,…,uL,M]T, dimension is (LM) × 1, then how general time delay is
The input/output relation for strangling domain is expressed as：
WhereinDimension be L × 1,Indicate Kronecker product, x [tn]=
[xn+M-1,…,xn+1,xn]TDimension be M × 1；
Define y={ y [t1],y[t2],…,y[tN]}T,A={ a [t1],a[t2],…,a[tN]}H,
Obtain following input/output relation：
Y=Au+w (5)
It is respectively N × (LM), (LM) × 1 that wherein the dimension of y and w, which is all the dimension of N × 1, A and u,；
Channel impulse response function u estimation specific method be：
1. input paramete information is arranged：Matrix A and reception signal y, are arranged algorithm termination condition
2. output parameter information is arranged：Channel impulse response Function Estimation value u；
3. initializing：Initial estimate is null vector u{0}=0：Initial residual error r{0}=y；Primary iteration number i=0；Initial letter
Channel shock response function support integrates as empty set
4. judge whether algorithm termination condition meets, i.e., whether | | r | | < rth, if so, stopping iteration, if it is not, then according to such as
Under iterative iteration：
P{1}=v{1}(v{1}Tv{1})-1v{1}T (7)
r{1}=r{0}-P{1}y (8)
For the atom of i-th selectionShould with it is selected before orthogonal, therefore the orthogonal vectors of i-th are：
The projection matrix for obtaining i-th is：
P{i}=v{i}(v{i}Tv{i})-1v{i}T (10)
The residual error of i-th is updated to：
r{i}=r{i-1}-P{i}y (11)
Supported collection updates：
S{i}=S{i-1}∪s{i} (12)
Next pseudo-inverse operation is sought：
The underwater acoustic channel impulse response function of estimation is：
Step 2：The output of this MMSE balanced device is shown as the estimated value table for sending signal：
Wherein I indicates unit matrix,Indicating the parameter of noise energy, y indicates the signal vector of receiving end, andIndicate balanced
Device to send end signal estimated value, and
Wherein
It is the diagonal matrix of a N × N, and matrix UlDimension is N × Ns, by vector ul=[U (0, l) ..., U (M-1, l)]TStructure
It makes, specific arrangement mode is：
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| CN109743269A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-05-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of underwater sound OFDM channel reconstruction method based on data fitting |
| CN111711584A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-25 | 西北工业大学 | Sparse underwater acoustic channel estimation method based on proportional normalization minimum mean square error |
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| CN109743269A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-05-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of underwater sound OFDM channel reconstruction method based on data fitting |
| CN111711584A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-25 | 西北工业大学 | Sparse underwater acoustic channel estimation method based on proportional normalization minimum mean square error |
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| CN112054974A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-08 | 西北工业大学 | Underwater sound channel identification method based on regularization minimum mean square error variable step length algorithm |
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| CN112906632A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-04 | 中北大学 | Automatic extraction method of highly adaptive time delay target signal |
| CN112906632B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-11-11 | 中北大学 | Automatic extraction method of highly adaptive time delay target signal |
| CN114124245A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-01 | 北京长城电子装备有限责任公司 | Underwater sound high-speed communication method under time-varying channel |
| CN114124245B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-05-03 | 北京长城电子装备有限责任公司 | Underwater sound high-speed communication method under time-varying channel |
| CN115236648A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Polar region under-ice target acoustic echo signal time delay and Doppler joint estimation method |
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