CN108829993B - Coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and Frequency Design method - Google Patents
Coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and Frequency Design method Download PDFInfo
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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Abstract
The present invention relates to coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and Frequency Design method, specifically: one, obtain coal petrography basic mechanical parameter, Original strata stress data, pore pressure data, obtain the coal petrography strength theory model under pulsating load；Two, coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model is established；Three, fluctuation pressure is applied to fractured well, calculates stress of coal seam field in some ripple frequency and amplitude construction parameter Imitating, determines coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing Disturbance stress field distribution；Four, determine that the coal seam size to form effective destroyed area is transformed in pulsed hydraulic fracturing, the coal petrography for generating destruction is the coal petrography that can form crack, determines that the fracture network area to be formed is transformed in pulsed hydraulic fracturing；Five, three, four are repeated, the fracture network area that the different pulsation pressure break amplitudes of calculating and frequency can be generated, most suitable pulsation pressure break amplitude is chosen in calculating analysis and frequency parameter combines.The present invention increases coal bed fracturing transformation volume to greatest extent, effectively improves coal bed gas well production capacity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing stimulation technologies, and in particular to coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and
Frequency Design method.
Background technique
Coal bed gas is a kind of important unconventional petroleum resources, develops and utilizes the concern increasingly by countries in the world
And attention.China's coal bed gas rich reserves, up to 36.8 ' 1012m3, it is to be only second to Russia and the Canadian the third-largest coal in the whole world
Ceng Qi reserves state.If energy Efficient Development coal bed gas resource, significant to China's energy resource supply.The main component of coal bed gas is
Methane, when its air concentration reaches 5%~16%, meeting open fire will explode, this is also the root that Gas Explosion Accidents in Coal Mines occurs
This reason.In addition, such as coal bed gas is directly discharged in atmosphere, greenhouse effects are about 21 times of carbon dioxide, to ecological ring
Border destruction is extremely strong.So if the first exploiting coal bed methane of energy before coal mining, to Safety of Coal Mine Production and environmental protection meaning
It is great.
Hydraulic fracturing is an effective technology measure of coal-bed gas exploitation, and China's daily output is more than 1000m according to statistics3Coal
Layer gas well all used hydraulic fracturing well stimulation.After coal bed gas well carries out hydraulic fracturing job, it can be formed about in shaft bottom
Complex fracture network increases coal bed gas well pressure release area, reduces fluid neuron network resistance, significantly improves coal seam seepage flow condition, from
And effectively increase coal bed gas well production capacity.
Conventional hydraulic fracturing technique is widely used in coal seam hydraulic fracture at present, and the technology is although in coal seam reservoirs fracturing reform mistake
Preferable effect is obtained in journey, but some engineering technology problems also often occurs, affects the fracturing transformation effect in coal seam.Example
Such as, through can not often form slit and effective fracture network according to design after fracturing reform, small range only is formed about in shaft bottom
Fracture extension can not effectively increase fracturing reform volume；Or in fracturing process, since coal bed fracturing liquid leak-off is serious, and
Fracturing parameter design is unreasonable to frequently result in crack sand plug, and pump pressure increases and increases construction risk, and it is smooth to be unfavorable for safe construction
It carries out.
Pulsed hydraulic fracturing technology is a kind of novel hydropower pressure break proposed on the basis of the conventional hydraulic fracturing technique of coal seam
Technology overcomes the technical issues of conventional hydraulic fracturing technique occurs in coal bed fracturing exploitation.Pulsed hydraulic fracturing is to utilize
The pressing crack construction operation to coal seam is realized in periodic fluctuation pressure variation, and under the effect of periodic fluctuation pressure, right
Coal seam rock causes to damage, and makes coal petrography strength reduction, is easier to destroy under pressure break load, splits to effectively increase complexity
The area for stitching network communication coal seam, is significantly increased fracturing reform volume, more effectively raising coal seam permeability, reaches raising coal
The purpose of layer gas well deliverability, and operation pressure and construction risk are reduced, be conducive to safe construction.
But the fracturing parameter of current coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing such as pulses the amplitude of pressure break and frequency is all basis
Field experience is chosen, without corresponding theoretical direction foundation and corresponding design method, in this way in different coal block application effect
Difference is obvious, and some block fracturing reform obvious effect of increasing production, some blocks then cause pressure break to be imitated because parameter designing is unreasonable
Fruit is poor, it is therefore desirable to provide a kind of construction parameter design method of coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing, provide what different blocks were applicable in
Pulsation pressure break amplitude and frequency values, improve the reservoir reconstruction effect and construction success rate of pulsed hydraulic fracturing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and Frequency Design method, this coal seam pulsation waterpower
Pressure break amplitude and Frequency Design method solve the problems, such as the Rational choice of coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing process construction parameter.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: this coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and frequency
Design method:
Step 1: carrying out expected pressure break coal seam scene coring, carries out mechanics parameter test using the coal petrography core of acquisition, obtain
Coal petrography basic mechanical parameter, Original strata stress data, pore pressure data are taken, while carrying out the compression of coal petrography core loop cycle load
Breaking test, simulate and grasp the coal petrography failure law under pulsating load, return the coal petrography intensity reason obtained under pulsating load
By model；
Step 2: establishing coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model, coal seam arteries and veins using comsol commercialization finite element software
It include fractured well casing programme information, the various hugger in coal seam, intrinsic fracture structural information in dynamic hydraulic fracturing finite element model,
Default pulsed hydraulic fracturing flaw size and fracture pattern in the pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model of coal seam, coal petrography mechanics parameter,
Original strata stress data, pore pressure data are using experimental result in step 1 as foundation；
Step 3: the coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model that applying step two is established, applies pulsating pressure to fractured well
Power calculates stress of coal seam field in some ripple frequency and amplitude construction parameter Imitating, determines that coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing disturbs
Stress Field Distribution；
Step 4: the coal petrography strength theory model under the pulsating load according to obtained in step 1, is analyzed in step 3
The subterranean zone that destruction can be generated under the pulsed hydraulic fracturing Disturbance stress field distribution of coal seam determines that shape is transformed in pulsed hydraulic fracturing
At the coal seam size of effective destroyed area, the coal petrography for generating destruction is the coal petrography that can form crack, and then determines pulsation water
The fracture network area that power fracturing reform is formed；
Step 5: repeating the fracture network face for calculating different pulsation pressure break amplitudes Step 3: four and frequency can be generated
Product, to obtain maximum fracture network area as target, determines optimal in the case where guaranteeing the limiting pressure of operating tool string and equipment safety
Pulsation pressure break amplitude and frequency parameter；Or premised on given fracturing reform fracture network area, calculates analysis and choose most
Suitable pulsation pressure break amplitude and frequency parameter combination.
Step 2 in above scheme specifically: apply comsol commercialization finite element software, establish coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing
Finite element model establishes model, the pressure break coal seam cleat system of fractured well in the pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model of coal seam simultaneously
Model and intrinsic fracture distributed model, while the default pulsed hydraulic fracturing flaw size of being formed and fracture pattern, give coal
Layer pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model applies constraint condition, and eliminates pulsating stress in model boundary addition ideal interface layer
The influence of wave reflection；
Coal petrography mechanics parameter that step 1 is obtained, Original strata stress data, pore pressure data input coal seam pulsation waterpower
In pressure break finite element model, grid dividing is carried out to model after input parameter, and localized region carries out mesh refinement processing.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, the coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and frequency provided through the invention, can be such that coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing applies
The area of fracture network is effectively increased after work, increases the effective communication range in crack and coal seam, increases coal seam pressure to greatest extent
Transformation volume is split, coal bed gas well production capacity is effectively improved；
2, the coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and frequency provided through the invention, can reduce coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing
Process blindly increases pulsating load amplitude by experience and generates the excessively high risk of operation pressure, improves the safety of construction；
3, the coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and frequency provided through the invention can obtain expected fracturing reform face
Under the premise of product, the pulsating load amplitude and frequency preferably constructed, can smaller operation pressure obtain expected fracturing effect, reduce
Construction safety risk；
4, the coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and frequency provided through the invention can obtain expected fracturing reform face
Under the premise of product, operation pressure is reduced, the effect of pressing crack construction cost is obvious to saving；
5, pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude in coal seam provided by the invention and Frequency Design method are according to pressing crack construction mesh to be carried out
Block coal petrography core experiment of machanics result be designed, can to the coal petrography of different blocks carry out mechanics parameter test, pass through
Change mechanics parameter to change pulsating load amplitude and Frequency Design as a result, so that it is guaranteed that the construction parameter of this method design is applicable in
In different blocks.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below:
This coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and Frequency Design method are as follows:
Step 1 carries out expected pressure break coal seam scene coring, prepares mechanics parameter testing standard rock sample, including 25*50mm and
50*25mm core, carrying out using the coal petrography core of acquisition includes uniaxial, triaxial compressions and the power such as Brazil's splitting and angle shearing
Parameter testing is learned, the basic mechanicals such as coal petrography single shaft and triaxial shear strength, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio and tensile strength ginseng is obtained
Number carries out detecting earth stress experiment using full-scale rock sample machining experiment test specimen, Original strata stress data is obtained, according to density log
Etc. data calculate vertical crustal stress.
With the standard coal petrography core processed carry out loop cycle load compression breaking test, test different loading frequencies and
Coal petrography breakdown strength under amplitude returns to obtain the theoretical mould of coal petrography intensity under period loading frequency and amplitude according to experimental data
Type；.
Step 2, using the commercial finite element software such as comsol, establish coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model, model
In establish the model, pressure break coal seam cleat system model and intrinsic fracture distributed model of fractured well, while default pulsation simultaneously
The hydraulic fracturing flaw size of being formed and fracture pattern apply constraint condition to model, and add ideal in model boundary
The influence of boundary layer elimination pulsating stress wave reflection.
Coal petrography mechanics parameter, Original strata stress data and pore pressure data in the pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model of coal seam
Grid dividing, and localized region are carried out to model after parameter to input according to being inputted Deng with experimental result in step 1
Carry out mesh refinement processing.
The finite element model that step 3, applying step 2 are established, applies pulsating pressure in pit shaft and hydraulic fracture to fractured well
Power calculates stress of coal seam field in some ripple frequency and amplitude construction parameter Imitating, draws the disturbance of coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing
Stress Field Distribution, the regularity of distribution including different principal stresses.
Coal petrography strength theory model under step 4, the pulsating load according to obtained in step 1, in step 3 pulsation waterpower pressure
It splits in disturbance stress field finite element modelling result using intensity as critical condition, draws pulsed hydraulic fracturing and be transformed to form effective destruction
The coal seam size in region, the coal petrography for generating destruction is both the coal petrography that can form crack, and then can determine pulsation waterpower pressure
Split the fracture network area that transformation is formed.
Step 5 repeats step 3,4, the fracture network area that the different pulsation pressure break amplitudes of calculating and frequency can be generated.?
Under the limiting pressure for guaranteeing operating tool string and equipment safety, to obtain maximum fracture network area as target, optimal pulsation is determined
Pressure break amplitude and frequency parameter.Or premised on given fracturing reform fracture network area, calculates analysis selection and be most suitable for
Pulsation pressure break amplitude and frequency parameter combination.
The present invention is used to determine reasonable pulsating load amplitude and frequency in coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing process, to make coal
Layer pulsed hydraulic fracturing obtains better fracturing transformation effect, increases construction success rate, reduces construction safety risk.It both can be to prevent
Only due to pulse amplitude and Frequency Design it is too small and generate fracturing transformation effect it is poor, can also reduce blindly increase pulsation carry
Construction safety risk brought by lotus amplitude and frequency and construction cost increase.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude and Frequency Design method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1: carrying out expected pressure break coal seam scene coring, carries out mechanics parameter test using the coal petrography core of acquisition, obtain coal
Rock mechanics parameter, Original strata stress data, pore pressure data, while the destruction for carrying out the compression of coal petrography core loop cycle load is real
It tests, simulates and grasp the coal petrography failure law under pulsating load, recurrence obtains the coal petrography strength theory model under pulsating load；
Step 2: establishing coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model, coal seam pulsation water using comsol commercialization finite element software
It forces and splits comprising fractured well casing programme information, the various hugger in coal seam, intrinsic fracture structural information in finite element model, in coal seam
Pulsed hydraulic fracturing flaw size and fracture pattern, coal petrography mechanics parameter, original place are preset in pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model
Stress data, pore pressure data are using experimental result in step 1 as foundation；
Step 3: the coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model that applying step two is established, applies fluctuation pressure to fractured well,
Some ripple frequency and amplitude construction parameter Imitating calculate stress of coal seam field, determine coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing disturbance stress field
Distribution；
Step 4: the coal petrography strength theory model under the pulsating load according to obtained in step 1, analysis coal seam in step 3
The subterranean zone that destruction can be generated under pulsed hydraulic fracturing Disturbance stress field distribution determines that pulsed hydraulic fracturing transformation is formed with
The coal seam size of destroyed area is imitated, the coal petrography for generating destruction is the coal petrography that can form crack, and then determines pulsation waterpower pressure
Split the fracture network area that transformation is formed；
Step 5: the fracture network area for different pulsation pressure break amplitudes being calculated Step 3: four and frequency can be generated is repeated,
Under the limiting pressure for guaranteeing operating tool string and equipment safety, to obtain maximum fracture network area as target, optimal pulsation is determined
Pressure break amplitude and frequency parameter；Or premised on given fracturing reform fracture network area, calculates analysis selection and be most suitable for
Pulsation pressure break amplitude and frequency parameter combination.
2. pulsed hydraulic fracturing amplitude in coal seam according to claim 1 and Frequency Design method, it is characterised in that: described
Step 2 specifically: apply comsol commercialization finite element software, establish coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element model, coal seam pulsation
Model, pressure break coal seam cleat system model and the intrinsic fracture distribution of fractured well are established in hydraulic fracturing finite element model simultaneously
Model, while the default pulsed hydraulic fracturing flaw size of being formed and fracture pattern, give coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing finite element
Model applies constraint condition, and eliminates the influence of pulsating stress wave reflection in model boundary addition ideal interface layer；
Coal petrography mechanics parameter, Original strata stress data, the pore pressure data input coal seam pulsed hydraulic fracturing that step 1 is obtained
In finite element model, grid dividing is carried out to model after input parameter, and localized region carries out mesh refinement processing.
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| CN111832198B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2024-04-05 | 中国石油化工集团有限公司 | Jet generator oscillation cavity design method for pulse drilling and jet generator |
| CN110080725A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-02 | 东北石油大学 | The coal seam pulsation optimal construction frequency determination methods of pressure break |
| CN110147638B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2023-07-18 | 东北石油大学 | Prediction method for cracking and extension pressure of coal seam pulse fracturing crack |
| CN110208086B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2021-07-09 | 东北石油大学 | Method for solving cumulative damage of rock by pulsating fracturing |
| CN110259442B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2022-10-21 | 重庆大学 | Coal measure stratum hydraulic fracturing fracture horizon identification method |
| CN110954419B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-11-10 | 山东大学 | Hydraulic fatigue fracture design method for preset fracture |
| CN115749713B (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-06-16 | 中国矿业大学 | Rock stratum variable frequency pulse seam net fracturing method and equipment |
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| CN105464638A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Coal bed gas well pulse radial drilling and double-pulsating hydrofracturing method |
| CN106223918A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-12-14 | 西南石油大学 | Fracturing fracture pressure preparation method and device |
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| CN105464638A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Coal bed gas well pulse radial drilling and double-pulsating hydrofracturing method |
| CN106223918A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-12-14 | 西南石油大学 | Fracturing fracture pressure preparation method and device |
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| 水力压裂脉冲频率对煤岩预制孔密封效果影响;骆中山等;《煤田地质与勘探》;20180430;第46卷(第2期);第190-195页 |
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