CN108828439B - Method and system for simulating and diagnosing transition resistance fault of on-load tap-changer - Google Patents
Method and system for simulating and diagnosing transition resistance fault of on-load tap-changer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a system for simulating and diagnosing transition resistance faults of an on-load tap-changer, comprising the following steps: 1) a single-phase on-load tap changer model is built under the Simulink environment in matlab for simulation analysis of the following tap changer switching process; 2) setting parameters of each module of the on-load tap changer model; 3) respectively simulating the damage degree of the transition resistance of the tap switch, and observing the change condition of the primary side current of the transformer; 4) and identifying the state of the transition resistance of the tap changer by analyzing and comparing the change condition of the primary side current of the transformer. As can be seen from simulation analysis, the method can achieve better effects in diagnosing the transition resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of transformer detection, relates to a transformer on-load tap-changer transition resistance fault diagnosis technology, and particularly relates to a method and a system for simulating and diagnosing on-load tap-changer transition resistance faults.
Background
The transformer on-load tap changer OLTC is one of core components of a transformer, and plays important roles of stabilizing load center voltage, adjusting reactive power flow, increasing power grid dispatching flexibility and the like in a power system.
The on-load tap-changer is an on-line dynamic device and is in a working state of frequently carrying load voltage regulation, although the on-load tap-changer usually has a mechanical life of dozens of thousands of actions, the proportion of the fault rate of the on-load tap-changer in the total accidents of the transformer is relatively high under the influence of materials, processes and loads. The core inspection is the most direct method for finding the internal defects of the on-load tap-changer, but economic loss is caused by the core inspection, so that the conventional preventive test has important significance in enhancing the diagnosis and monitoring of potential defect abnormity of the on-load tap-changer and improving the operation reliability of a power system.
The traditional preventive test can only measure whether the contact of the transformer before and after tap changing is good and whether the insulation performance is degraded, but can not monitor the mechanical characteristics of the on-load tap-changer in the transition process. By simulating the action characteristics of the on-load tap-changer and analyzing parameters such as transition time, transition waveform, transition resistance and the like of the on-load tap-changer, whether potential defects and faults exist can be judged timely and effectively.
In the conventional fault detection of the transition resistance, the fault diagnosis of the transition resistance is generally performed by testing the switching waveform of the on-load tap-changer and comparing the switching waveform with a standard waveform, but because the tap-changer is complex on site, the obtained test waveform is seriously distorted, and a certain error exists in comparison with the standard waveform. Therefore, the present application diagnoses a fault in the transition resistance from a change before and after the shifting of the transformer primary-side current and a change in the transformer primary-side transition waveform.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the application provides the method and the system for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer, and the method and the system have the advantages of good diagnosis effect, simple algorithm and strong operability.
In order to achieve the above object, the first invention of the present application adopts the following technical solutions:
a method for simulating and diagnosing transition resistance faults of an on-load tap-changer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: building a single-phase on-load tap changer model;
step 2: and (2) carrying out parameter setting on each module of the single-phase on-load tap changer model built in the step (1), wherein each module comprises: the device comprises an alternating current power supply module, a step-up transformer module, an on-load tap-changer module, a multi-winding single-phase transformer module, a secondary side voltage acquisition module and a primary side current acquisition module;
and step 3: simulating the damage degree of the transition resistance of an on-load tap-changer of the single-phase on-load tap-changer, and observing the change condition of the primary side current of the single-phase on-load tap-changer; and 4, step 4: and performing state diagnosis on the transition resistance of the on-load tap-changer through the change of the amplitude and time of the transition waveform in the primary side current waveform of the transformer.
The invention further comprises the following preferred embodiments:
in step 1, a single-phase on-load tap changer model is built under the Simulink environment in matlab:
the AC generator generates sine AC, the sine AC passes through the step-up transformer and then is input into the primary side of the single-phase on-load tap-changer, and the voltage is regulated by simulating the action of the on-load tap-changer.
In the step 1, the on-load tap-changer module is arranged on the primary side of the single-phase on-load tap-changing transformer, and the single-phase on-load tap-changing transformer model is obtained by parameter setting of a multi-winding transformer model which is provided by matlab software and can be provided with taps.
In matlab, the multi-winding transformer model is set to 2 taps.
The on-load tap-changer module of the on-load tap-changer comprises a time sequence generator unit, a thyristor unit, a first transition resistor R1 and a second transition resistor R2; the 2 taps are adjacent taps of the simulated on-load tap-changing transformer; the first tap is connected to the first thyristor through a first lead and connected to the second thyristor through a first transition resistor R1; the second tap is connected to the third thyristor through a second transition resistor and connected to the fourth thyristor through a second lead; the first thyristor, the second thyristor, the third thyristor and the fourth thyristor are controlled to be switched on and off through a time sequence generator.
In step 2, the parameter setting of each module of the single-phase on-load tap changer model includes:
setting an alternating current power supply module, wherein the setting comprises a voltage value, a frequency and a phase;
setting the step-up transformer module, including tap number, reactance, resistance, voltage and frequency;
the single-phase on-load tap changing transformer module is arranged and comprises tap number, reactance, resistance, voltage and frequency;
the on-load tap-changer module is set to comprise the resistance value of the transition resistor and the switching time.
The on-load tap-changer module comprises a timing generator unit, a thyristor unit, a first transition resistor R1 and a second transition resistor R2;
the settings for the thyristor switches include timing settings for the first transition resistor R1, the second transition resistor R2, and the timing generator unit.
In step 3, the simulating the damage degree of the transition resistance of the tap changer respectively includes:
the method comprises the steps of normal state simulation of two transition resistors of the on-load tap-changer module, burning simulation of one transition resistor and simultaneous burning simulation of the two transition resistors.
Wherein, the burning loss of the transition resistance adopts the open circuit simulation, namely the resistance is infinite;
when the two transition resistors are normal, the two transition resistors are connected in parallel, and the resistance value of the connected circuit is R/2;
when one of the transition resistors is burnt, the resistance value of the connected circuit is R;
when the two transition resistors are burnt out simultaneously, the resistance value of the connected circuit is infinite;
wherein R1R 2.
In step 3, firstly simulating the change of the primary side current of the transformer before and after the gear shifting of the transformer under the condition that the transition resistance of the tap switch is in a normal state according to the model;
then simulating the damage condition of one transition resistor of the tap changer, and observing the change condition of primary side current before and after the gear shifting of the transformer;
and finally, simulating the condition that two transition resistors of the tap changer are damaged at the same time, and observing the change condition of the primary side current before and after the gear shifting of the transformer.
In step 4, the fault state of the transition resistor is judged according to the amplitude and time of the transition waveform in the primary side current of the transformer, specifically: when the amplitude value of the transient waveform is 0, the transient resistance of the tap switch is in fault, namely in a damaged state;
on the basis of detecting that the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, observing the duration time that the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, namely judging the fault degree of the transition resistor, namely judging whether one transition resistor has a fault or two transition resistors have faults simultaneously:
when the duration time of the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0 is less than or equal to T1, a transition resistor is indicated to be in fault; when the T > duration of the transition waveform with the amplitude of 0 > T1, both transition resistances are in failure.
Wherein, T1 is the access circuit time of a single transition resistor, and T is the switching time of the tap changer transition resistor.
The switching time T of the tap changer transition resistance is different according to different tap changer models, and the value of T is between 40ms and 60 ms;
the time T1 for a single transition resistor to switch into the circuit takes the following values: 3ms T1 ms 7ms, preferably 15 ms.
The application also discloses another invention, namely an on-load tap-changer transition resistance simulation and fault diagnosis system based on the method, which is characterized in that:
the on-load tap-changer transition resistance simulation and fault diagnosis system comprises an alternating current power supply module, a step-up transformer module, an on-load tap-changer module, a multi-winding single-phase transformer module, a secondary side voltage acquisition module and a primary side current acquisition module;
the alternating current power supply module adopts an alternating current generator form, generates sine alternating current through the alternating current generator and is connected to the primary side of the step-up transformer module;
the secondary side of the boosting transformer module is connected to the primary side of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module after passing through a primary side current collecting module, and the primary side current collecting module is used for measuring the primary current of the multi-winding single-phase transformer;
the secondary side voltage acquisition module is connected to the secondary side of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module and is used for acquiring the secondary voltage of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module;
the on-load tap-changer module is arranged on the primary side of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module, and the multi-winding transformer model is used for simulating a single-phase on-load tap-changer through parameter setting.
Further, the on-load tap-changer module of the on-load tap-changer comprises a timing generator unit, a thyristor unit, a first transition resistor R1 and a second transition resistor R2;
setting a multi-winding transformer model as a 2-tap, wherein a first tap is connected to a first thyristor through a first lead and is connected to a second thyristor through a first transition resistor R1; the second tap is connected to the third thyristor through a second transition resistor and connected to the fourth thyristor through a second lead; the first thyristor, the second thyristor, the third thyristor and the fourth thyristor are controlled to be switched on and off through a time sequence generator.
The simulation and fault diagnosis system further comprises a current oscilloscope, wherein the current oscilloscope is connected with the output end of the primary side current acquisition module and is used for displaying the primary current waveform of the simulated single-phase on-load tap changer.
The simulation and fault diagnosis system further comprises a voltage oscilloscope, wherein the voltage oscilloscope is connected with the output end of the secondary side voltage acquisition module and is used for displaying the secondary voltage waveform of the simulated single-phase on-load tap changer.
The beneficial effect that this application reached:
1. the method provides a new idea for fault diagnosis of the tap changer transition resistance;
2. the method and the device can effectively diagnose the fault of the tap changer transition resistor;
3. the method is simple, reliable and high in engineering applicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a working schematic diagram of a tap changer transition process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase on-load tap changer model built by the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for diagnosing and simulating a fault of a transition resistor of an on-load tap-changer according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a variation curve of the primary side current of the single-phase regulating transformer in a normal state;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of the primary side current of the single-phase voltage-regulating transformer under the burning loss of the transition resistor;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the change of the primary side current of the single-phase voltage regulating transformer under the burning loss of two transition resistors.
Wherein the reference symbols of figure 2 have the following meanings: 1 is an alternating current power supply, 2 is a step-up transformer module, 3 is a transformer primary side current acquisition unit, 4 is a single-phase multi-winding transformer module, 5 is a secondary side voltage acquisition unit, S1 is a current oscilloscope, S2 is a voltage oscilloscope, 6-9 are time sequence generators, R1 and R2 are transition resistors, K1 and K2 are thyristor switches representing main contacts, and M1 and M2 are thyristor switches representing auxiliary contacts.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.
Fig. 1 shows a tap changer transition process, wherein K1 and K2 are main contacts, M1 and M2 are auxiliary contacts, and R1 and R2 are transition resistors. For the sake of easy understanding, the following description will be made with reference to fig. 1 on the working principle of the transition process of the tap changer:
(1) the change-over switch firstly switches on K1 and M1 and then switches off K1, and the transition resistor R1And (4) accessing a load loop, see (a) to (c) in the figure 1.
(2) The switch is first turned on M1 and M2 to short-circuit the transition resistor R1、R2And when the load loop is connected, a circulating current exists in the two transition resistors, and the circulating current is shown in (d) in the figure 1.
(3) The switch turns off M1 and first turns on the transition resistor R1And (4) switching in a load loop, then shorting M2 and K1, and finally disconnecting M2, namely (e) to (g) in the figure 1.
The invention provides a method for diagnosing and simulating an on-load tap-changer transition resistance fault by simulating a tap-changer transition process shown in fig. 1, and the method for diagnosing and simulating the on-load tap-changer transition resistance fault disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: a single-phase on-load tap changer model is built under the Simulink environment in matlab for simulation analysis of the following tap changer switching process;
as shown in fig. 2, the single-phase on-load tap changer model includes: the circuit comprises an alternating current power supply 1, a boosting transformer module 2, a transformer primary side current acquisition unit 3, a single-phase multi-winding transformer module 4, a secondary side voltage acquisition unit 5, a current oscilloscope S1, a voltage oscilloscope S2, a time sequence generator 6-9, transition resistors R1 and R2, thyristor switches K1 and K2 representing main contacts, and thyristor switches M1 and M2 representing auxiliary contacts.
The AC generator generates sine AC 1, which is input to the primary side of a single-phase on-load tap-changing transformer 4 after passing through a step-up transformer 2, and the voltage is regulated by simulating the action of an on-load tap-changer.
In the embodiment of the invention, the multi-winding transformer model is set to be 2 taps.
The on-load tap changer module of the on-load tap changer comprises a timing generator unit 6-9, a thyristor unit K1-K2, a thyristor unit M1-M2, a first transition resistor R1 and a second transition resistor R2; the 2 taps are adjacent taps of the simulated on-load tap-changing transformer; the first tap is connected to the first thyristor K1 through a first lead and connected to the second thyristor M1 through a first transition resistor R1; the second tap is respectively connected to the third thyristor M2 through a second transition resistor and to the fourth thyristor K2 through a second lead; the first thyristor, the second thyristor, the third thyristor and the fourth thyristor are controlled to be switched on and off through a time sequence generator 6-9.
The secondary side voltage acquisition module comprises a secondary side voltage acquisition unit 5 for acquiring the secondary side voltage of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module and a voltage oscilloscope S2.
The primary side current collecting module comprises a current collecting unit 3 for collecting primary current of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module and a current oscilloscope S1.
Step 2: setting parameters of each module of the on-load tap changer model;
setting the alternating current power supply module 1, wherein the setting comprises a voltage value, a frequency and a phase;
the step-up transformer module 2 is set, and comprises tap number, reactance, resistance, voltage and frequency;
the single-phase on-load tap changing transformer module 4 is set and comprises tap number, reactance, resistance, voltage and frequency;
the on-load tap-changer module is set to comprise the resistance value of the transition resistor and the switching time.
The on-load tap-changer module comprises timing generator units 6-9, thyristor units K1-K2, M1-M2, a first transition resistor R1 and a second transition resistor R2;
the settings for the thyristor switches K1-K2 and M1-M2 include timing settings for the first transition resistor R1, the second transition resistor R2 and the timing generator units 6-9. And step 3: respectively simulating the damage degree of the transition resistance of the tapping switch;
the method comprises the steps of normal state simulation of two transition resistors of the on-load tap-changer module, burning simulation of one transition resistor and simultaneous burning simulation of the two transition resistors.
Wherein, the burning loss of the transition resistance adopts the open circuit simulation, namely the resistance is infinite;
when the two transition resistors are normal, the two transition resistors are connected in parallel, and the resistance value of the connected circuit is R/2. When one of the transition resistors is burnt, the resistance value of the connected circuit is R;
when the two transition resistors are burnt out simultaneously, the resistance value of the connected circuit is infinite;
wherein R1R 2.
And 4, step 4: and performing state diagnosis on the transition resistance of the tap switch through the ratio of the amplitude before and after the primary side current of the transformer is shifted and the change of the amplitude and time of the transition waveform.
In step 4, the fault state of the transition resistor is judged according to the amplitude and time of the transition waveform in the primary side current of the transformer, specifically: when the amplitude value of the transient waveform is 0, the transient resistance of the tap switch is in fault, namely in a damaged state; on the basis of detecting that the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, the duration time of the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0 is observed, and the fault degree of the transition resistors, namely, whether one transition resistor has a fault or two transition resistors have a fault at the same time, can be judged.
When the duration of the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0 is T1, it is indicated that one transition resistor is in fault; when the T > duration of the transition waveform with the amplitude of 0 > T1, both transition resistances are in failure.
T is total switching time which is different according to different types of tap changers and is generally between 40ms and 60ms, and the total switching time is 45 ms; t1 is the time for connecting a single transition resistor into the circuit, generally, T1 is more than or equal to 3ms and less than or equal to 7ms, and the time is 15 ms.
As shown in fig. 4, when both the transition resistances are normal, the amplitude of the transition waveform is very large compared to the current amplitude before and after switching, as can be seen from fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 5, in the case of a breakdown of a transition resistor, the change of the primary current of the transformer, as can be seen from fig. 5, the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, because there is a breakdown of the transition resistor, i.e. an open circuit, and the duration of the amplitude of 0 is 10.840 ms.
As shown in fig. 6, in the case where both the transition resistors are damaged, the change of the primary side current of the transformer is shown, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, and the duration is longer, because the two transition resistors are damaged, i.e. disconnected, and the duration of the amplitude of 0 is 31.484 ms.
It can thus be seen that the amplitude and time of the transition waveform will also be different when the tap changer is in different states. Therefore, the amplitude and time of the transition waveform can be used as the basis for judging the state of the transition resistance.
As shown in fig. 2, the present application further discloses an on-load tap-changer transition resistance simulation and fault diagnosis system based on the foregoing method, where the on-load tap-changer transition resistance simulation and fault diagnosis system includes an ac power supply module, a step-up transformer module, an on-load tap-changer module, a multi-winding single-phase transformer module, a secondary-side voltage collection module, and a primary-side current collection module.
The alternating current power supply module adopts an alternating current generator form, generates sine alternating current through the alternating current generator and is connected to the primary side of the step-up transformer module; and connecting a current oscilloscope with the output end of the primary side current acquisition module for displaying the primary current waveform of the simulated single-phase on-load tap changer.
The secondary side of the boosting transformer module is connected to the primary side of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module after passing through a primary side current collecting module, and the primary side current collecting module is used for measuring the primary current of the multi-winding single-phase transformer; and connecting a voltage oscilloscope with the output end of the secondary side voltage acquisition module for displaying the secondary voltage waveform of the simulated single-phase on-load tap changer.
The secondary side voltage acquisition module is connected to the secondary side of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module and is used for acquiring the secondary voltage of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module; the on-load tap-changer module is arranged on the primary side of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module, and the multi-winding transformer model is used for simulating a single-phase on-load tap-changer through parameter setting.
The on-load tap-changer module of the on-load tap-changer comprises a time sequence generator unit, a thyristor unit, a first transition resistor R1 and a second transition resistor R2; setting a multi-winding transformer model as a 2-tap, wherein a first tap is connected to a first thyristor through a first lead and is connected to a second thyristor through a first transition resistor R1; the second tap is connected to the third thyristor through a second transition resistor and connected to the fourth thyristor through a second lead; the first thyristor, the second thyristor, the third thyristor and the fourth thyristor are controlled to be switched on and off through a time sequence generator.
Example (b):
the invention provides a method for diagnosing and simulating the transition resistance fault of an on-load tap-changer by simulating the transition process of the tap-changer shown in figure 1, and as shown in figure 3, the method for diagnosing and simulating the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: a single-phase on-load tap changer model is built under the Simulink environment in matlab for simulation analysis of the following tap changer switching process;
as shown in fig. 2, the single-phase on-load tap changer model includes: the circuit comprises an alternating current power supply 1, a boosting transformer module 2, a transformer primary side current acquisition unit 3, a single-phase multi-winding transformer module 4, a secondary side voltage acquisition unit 5, a current oscilloscope S1, a voltage oscilloscope S2, a time sequence generator 6-9, transition resistors R1 and R2, thyristor switches K1 and K2 representing main contacts, and thyristor switches M1 and M2 representing auxiliary contacts.
The AC generator generates sine AC 1, which is input to the primary side of a single-phase on-load tap-changing transformer 4 after passing through a step-up transformer 2, and the voltage is regulated by simulating the action of an on-load tap-changer.
In the embodiment of the invention, the multi-winding transformer model is set to be 2 taps.
The on-load tap changer module of the on-load tap changer comprises a timing generator unit 6-9, a thyristor unit K1-K2, a thyristor unit M1-M2, a first transition resistor R1 and a second transition resistor R2; the 2 taps are adjacent taps of the simulated on-load tap-changing transformer; the first tap is connected to the first thyristor K1 through a first lead and connected to the second thyristor M1 through a first transition resistor R1; the second tap is respectively connected to the third thyristor M2 through a second transition resistor and to the fourth thyristor K2 through a second lead; the first thyristor, the second thyristor, the third thyristor and the fourth thyristor are controlled to be switched on and off through a time sequence generator 6-9.
The secondary side voltage acquisition module comprises a secondary side voltage acquisition unit 5 for acquiring the secondary side voltage of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module and a voltage oscilloscope S2.
The primary side current collecting module comprises a current collecting unit 3 for collecting primary current of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module and a current oscilloscope S1.
Step 2: setting parameters of each module of the on-load tap changer model;
a method for diagnosing and simulating transition resistance faults of an on-load tap-changer is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the parameters of the single-phase on-load tap changer are set in a simulation mode, the parameters need to be set after being calculated according to the model of the transformer and the corresponding technical parameters.
The parameters of each phase winding on the high-voltage side of the single-phase on-load tap changing transformer are as follows:
wherein, UN-rated voltage (kV) of the transformer;
SN-rated capacity of the transformer (kV · a);
ΔPk-short circuit losses (kW);
RTtransformer and UNResistance per phase (Ω) of the corresponding side.
Wherein, Uk(%) -% short circuit voltage;
XTtransformer and UNReactance (Ω) per phase of the corresponding side;
in the model, the parameter setting of the step-up transformer is as the parameter setting of the single-phase on-load tap changing transformer, and the difference is that the tap number of the step-up transformer is 1.
A single-phase on-load tap changer model built under the Simulink environment of matlab is shown in FIG. 2. The on-load tap changer with the model number of S11-400/10-0.4 of the tap changer is subjected to simulation analysis, and relevant parameters are SN＝400kV，UN＝10kV，U2N＝0.4kV，ΔP0＝4.3063kW，Uk(％)＝3.84，I0(%) is 0.17, and thus, the relevant parameters can be calculated according to equations (1) and (2). Namely RT＝2.6914Ω，XTThe on-load tap changing transformer is obtained by a multi-winding transformer model which is provided by software and can be provided with taps through parameter setting, wherein the model is 9.6 omega.
In fig. 2, an ac power supply 1 generates a sinusoidal ac power of 220V and 50Hz, and the sinusoidal ac power is input to the primary side of a multi-winding single-phase transformer 4 after passing through a step-up transformer having a transformation ratio of 220/10000V. The voltage regulating command is controlled by the on-off of the thyristor switch, and the thyristor switch is controlled by the time sequence generator.
Setting a time sequence generator according to the transition process of the tap changer, wherein the duration time of a time sequence 1 is 0-0.07s, and the amplitude value is 1; the duration time of the time sequence 2 is 0.065-0.09s, and the amplitude value is 1; the duration time of the time sequence 3 is 0.085-0.11s, and the amplitude is 1; the duration of time sequence 4 is 0.105-0.16s and the amplitude is 1.
For the arrangement of the on-load tap-changer module, the resistance value of the transition resistor is 50 omega.
And step 3: respectively simulating the damage degree of the transition resistance of the tapping switch;
the method comprises the steps of normal state simulation of two transition resistors of the on-load tap-changer module, burning simulation of one transition resistor and simultaneous burning simulation of the two transition resistors.
Wherein, the burning loss of the transition resistance adopts the open circuit simulation, namely the resistance is infinite;
when the two transition resistors are normal, the two transition resistors are connected in parallel, and the resistance value of the connected circuit is R/2. When one of the transition resistors is burnt, the resistance value of the connected circuit is R;
when the two transition resistors are burnt out simultaneously, the resistance value of the connected circuit is infinite;
wherein R1R 2.
And 4, step 4: the state diagnosis of the shunt switch transition resistance is carried out through the change of the transition waveform amplitude and time in the primary side current of the transformer.
In step 4, the fault state of the transition resistor is judged according to the amplitude and time of the transition waveform in the primary side current of the transformer, specifically: when the amplitude value of the transient waveform is 0, the transient resistance of the tap switch is in fault, namely in a damaged state; on the basis of detecting that the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, the duration time of the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0 is observed, and the fault degree of the transition resistors, namely, whether one transition resistor has a fault or two transition resistors have a fault at the same time, can be judged.
When the duration of 0< the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0 is less than or equal to T1, a transition resistor is indicated to be in fault; when the T > duration of the transition waveform with the amplitude of 0 > T1, both transition resistances are in failure.
T is total switching time which is different according to different types of tap changers and is generally between 40ms and 60ms, and the total switching time is 45 ms; t1 is the time for connecting a single transition resistor into the circuit, generally 10ms is less than or equal to T1, and the time is 15 ms.
As shown in fig. 4, when both the transition resistances are normal, the amplitude of the transition waveform is very large compared to the current amplitude before and after switching, as can be seen from fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 5, in the case of a breakdown of a transition resistor, the change of the primary current of the transformer, as can be seen from fig. 5, the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, because there is a breakdown of the transition resistor, i.e. an open circuit, and the duration of the amplitude of 0 is 10.840 ms.
As shown in fig. 6, in the case where both the transition resistors are damaged, the change of the primary side current of the transformer is shown, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, and the duration is longer, because the two transition resistors are damaged, i.e. disconnected, and the duration of the amplitude of 0 is 31.484 ms.
Therefore, the amplitude and the time of the transition waveform are different when the tap changer is in different states, and therefore the amplitude and the time of the transition waveform can be used as the basis for judging the state of the transition resistance.
The present applicant has described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and on the contrary, any improvement or modification made based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A simulation and diagnosis method for transition resistance faults of an on-load tap-changer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: building a single-phase on-load tap changing transformer model, and setting the multi-winding transformer model as a 2-tap;
step 2: and (2) carrying out parameter setting on each module of the single-phase on-load tap changer model built in the step (1), wherein each module comprises: the device comprises an alternating current power supply module, a step-up transformer module, an on-load tap-changer module, a multi-winding single-phase transformer module, a secondary side voltage acquisition module and a primary side current acquisition module;
the on-load tap-changer module comprises a timing generator unit, a first thyristor unit, a second thyristor unit, a fourth thyristor unit, a first transition resistor (R1) and a second transition resistor (R2); the 2 taps are adjacent taps of the simulated single-phase on-load tap-changing transformer; wherein the first tap is connected to the first thyristor (K1) by a first lead and to the second thyristor (M1) by a first transition resistor (R1); the second tap is respectively connected to the third thyristor (M2) through a second transition resistor (R2) and the fourth thyristor (K2) through a second lead; the first thyristor, the second thyristor, the third thyristor and the fourth thyristor are controlled to be on and off through a time sequence generator;
and step 3: simulating the damage degree of the transition resistance of an on-load tap-changer of the single-phase on-load tap-changer, and observing the change condition of the primary side current of the single-phase on-load tap-changer;
and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out state diagnosis on the transition resistance of the on-load tap-changer through the change of the amplitude and time of the transition waveform in the primary side current waveform of the transformer:
when the amplitude value of the transient waveform is 0, the transient resistance of the tap switch is in fault, namely in a damaged state; on the basis of detecting that the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, observing the duration time that the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0, namely judging the fault degree of the transition resistor, namely judging whether one transition resistor has a fault or two transition resistors have faults simultaneously: when the duration time of the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0 is less than or equal to T1, a transition resistor is indicated to be in fault; when the T > duration of the amplitude of the transition waveform is 0 > T1, the two transition resistors are both in fault; wherein, T1 is the access circuit time of a single transition resistor, and T is the switching time of the tap changer transition resistor.
2. The method for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in step 1, a single-phase on-load tap changer model is built under the Simulink environment in matlab:
the AC generator generates sine AC, the sine AC passes through the step-up transformer and then is input into the primary side of the single-phase on-load tap-changer, and the voltage is regulated by simulating the action of the on-load tap-changer.
3. The method for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step 1, the on-load tap-changer module is arranged on the primary side of the single-phase on-load tap-changing transformer, and the single-phase on-load tap-changing transformer model is obtained by parameter setting of a multi-winding transformer model which is provided by matlab software and can be provided with taps.
4. The method for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in step 2, the parameter setting of each module of the single-phase on-load tap changer model includes:
setting an alternating current power supply module, wherein the setting comprises a voltage value, a frequency and a phase;
setting the step-up transformer module, including tap number, reactance, resistance, voltage and frequency;
the single-phase on-load tap changing transformer module is arranged and comprises tap number, reactance, resistance, voltage and frequency;
the on-load tap-changer module is set to comprise the resistance value of the transition resistor and the switching time.
5. The method for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the settings for the thyristor switches include timing settings for the first transition resistance (R1), the second transition resistance (R2), and the timing generator unit.
6. The method for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in step 3, simulating the damage degree of the on-load tap-changer transition resistance of the single-phase on-load tap-changer comprises:
the method comprises the steps of normal state simulation of two transition resistors of the on-load tap-changer module, burning simulation of one transition resistor and simultaneous burning simulation of the two transition resistors.
7. The method for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
wherein, the burning loss of the transition resistance adopts the open circuit simulation, namely the resistance is infinite;
when the two transition resistors are normal, the two transition resistors are connected in parallel, and the resistance value of the connected circuit is R/2;
when one of the transition resistors is burnt, the resistance value of the connected circuit is R;
when the two transition resistors are burnt out simultaneously, the resistance value of the connected circuit is infinite;
wherein R is the same as the first transition resistor (R1) and the second transition resistor (R2).
8. The method for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in step 3, firstly simulating the change of the primary side current of the transformer before and after the gear shifting of the transformer under the condition that the transition resistance of the tap switch is in a normal state according to the model;
then simulating the damage condition of one transition resistor of the tap changer, and observing the change condition of primary side current before and after the gear shifting of the transformer;
and finally, simulating the condition that two transition resistors of the tap changer are damaged at the same time, and observing the change condition of the primary side current before and after the gear shifting of the transformer.
9. The method for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the switching time T of the tap changer transition resistance is different according to different tap changer models, and the value of T is between 40ms and 60 ms.
10. The method for simulating and diagnosing the transition resistance fault of the on-load tap-changer according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the time T1 for a single transition resistor to switch into the circuit takes the following values: t1 is more than or equal to 3ms and less than or equal to 7 ms.
11. An on-load tap changer transition resistance simulation and fault diagnosis system using the method of any of claims 1-10, characterized by:
the on-load tap-changer transition resistance simulation and fault diagnosis system comprises an alternating current power supply module, a step-up transformer module, an on-load tap-changer module, a multi-winding single-phase transformer module, a secondary side voltage acquisition module and a primary side current acquisition module;
the alternating current power supply module adopts an alternating current generator form, generates sine alternating current through the alternating current generator and is connected to the primary side of the step-up transformer module;
the secondary side of the boosting transformer module is connected to the primary side of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module after passing through a primary side current collecting module, and the primary side current collecting module is used for measuring the primary current of the multi-winding single-phase transformer;
the secondary side voltage acquisition module is connected to the secondary side of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module and is used for acquiring the secondary voltage of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module;
the on-load tap-changer module is arranged on the primary side of the multi-winding single-phase transformer module, and the multi-winding transformer model is used for simulating a single-phase on-load tap-changer through parameter setting.
12. The on-load tap changer transition resistance simulation and fault diagnosis system of claim 11, wherein:
the on-load tap-changer module of the single-phase on-load tap-changer comprises a time sequence generator unit, a thyristor unit, a first transition resistor (R1) and a second transition resistor (R2);
setting a multi-winding transformer model as a 2-tap, wherein a first tap is connected to a first thyristor through a first lead and is connected to a second thyristor through a first transition resistor (R1); the second tap is respectively connected to the third thyristor through a second transition resistor (R2) and the fourth thyristor through a second lead; the first thyristor, the second thyristor, the third thyristor and the fourth thyristor are controlled to be switched on and off through a time sequence generator.
13. The on-load tap changer transition resistance simulation and fault diagnosis system according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that:
the simulation and fault diagnosis system further comprises a current oscilloscope, wherein the current oscilloscope is connected with the output end of the primary side current acquisition module and is used for displaying the primary current waveform of the simulated single-phase on-load tap changer.
14. The on-load tap changer transition resistance simulation and fault diagnosis system of claim 13, wherein:
the simulation and fault diagnosis system further comprises a voltage oscilloscope, wherein the voltage oscilloscope is connected with the output end of the secondary side voltage acquisition module and is used for displaying the secondary voltage waveform of the simulated single-phase on-load tap changer.
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| CN109633425B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-12-01 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司检修分公司 | Action characteristic simulation device for vacuum on-load tap-changer of dry-type transformer |
| CN112182846B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-12-06 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Online monitoring and diagnosing method and device for tap changer and storage medium |
| CN112462251B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-02-15 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | On-load tap-changer switching time sequence detection method |
| CN114004048A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-02-01 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | Converter transformer on-load tap-changer switching topological structure design method |
| CN114878977A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-09 | 上海交通大学 | Insulation checking method for on-load tap-changer |
| CN115201738B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-12-29 | 中国测试技术研究院电子研究所 | Calibration system for on-load tap-changer tester of transformer |
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