CN108828404B - Low-voltage distribution area electrical topology identification system and method for rapid fault location - Google Patents
Low-voltage distribution area electrical topology identification system and method for rapid fault location Download PDFInfo
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- CN108828404B CN108828404B CN201810439273.4A CN201810439273A CN108828404B CN 108828404 B CN108828404 B CN 108828404B CN 201810439273 A CN201810439273 A CN 201810439273A CN 108828404 B CN108828404 B CN 108828404B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
Abstract
The existing distribution area identification principle usually adopts a voltage zero-crossing point signal modulation mode by adopting a phase line and neutral line short-time short circuit mode, and the scheme has the problem of equipment burnout or distribution area fault power failure caused by the risk of long-time short circuit of the phase line and the neutral line. The invention comprises the following steps: a collecting unit: the low-voltage side outlet of the distribution transformer is arranged; the station area identification and judgment are carried out by detecting the characteristic signals on the bus, and the electrical topological logical relationship is automatically formed by analyzing the logical relationship of each node; a distribution unit: and the collecting unit is connected with the collecting unit in a wireless way and is arranged at the branch point or the meter box side. According to the technical scheme, under the condition of no power failure, the electrical topological logic relationship of the distribution area can be described, users under each transformer can be found out, the automatic identification of the user-to-transformer relationship is realized, basic data information under the distribution area can be truly reflected, and the basis for realizing the intelligent management of the power grid is formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrical topology identification system and method, in particular to a low-voltage distribution area electrical topology identification system and method for rapid fault location.
Background
At present, the transformer in the low-voltage transformer area has the following problems that 1) old transformer area users have complicated wiring and incomplete or not updated data; 2) The newly-built power distribution areas are adjacently crossed, a plurality of transformers are usually arranged in the same power distribution room, and due to the fact that the transformers are close to each other and are the same group of high-voltage buses, the attribution of the power distribution areas of the user electric meters cannot be correctly determined; 3) the electrical topological structure data of the low-voltage transformer area are incomplete, are not updated in time, and cannot be rapidly positioned when a fault occurs.
Therefore, an apparatus and a method are needed, which can depict the logical relationship of the electrical topology of the distribution area, find out the users under each transformer, realize the automatic identification of the user-to-transformer relationship, and truly reflect the basic data information under the distribution area, which is also the basis for realizing the intelligent management of the power grid, without power failure.
The method has the advantages that the automatic generation of the station area electrical topological relation is not applied at present, the station area identification is realized, the current station area identification principle usually adopts a voltage zero-crossing point signal modulation mode that a phase line and a neutral line are short-circuited in a short time, and the scheme has the problem that equipment is burnt or the station area fails and has power failure due to long-time short circuit risk of the phase line and the neutral line.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved and the technical task provided by the invention are to perfect and improve the prior technical scheme and provide a low-voltage distribution area electrical topology identification system for rapid fault location so as to achieve the purpose of automatically and accurately generating distribution area electrical topology relations. Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A low-voltage platform district electric topology identification system for quick fault location includes:
a collecting unit: the low-voltage side outlet of the distribution transformer is arranged; the collection unit is used for inquiring addresses of peripheral distribution units of the power distribution area in a wireless mode, collecting the addresses of the distribution units, enabling the distribution units to act to generate reactive current pulses or reactive power to serve as characteristic signals, identifying and judging the distribution area by detecting the characteristic signals on a bus, and automatically forming an electrical topological logical relation by analyzing the logical relation of each node;
a distribution unit: the collection unit is connected with the collection unit in a wireless way, is arranged at the branch point or the meter box side and is used for generating and detecting characteristic signals and analyzing node relation; the method comprises the steps of communicating with a meter box concentrator or a user meter to obtain user meter information, realizing identification of an inter-user variable relationship, responding to an address query command of a collection unit, reporting address information, and rapidly switching a power capacitor C1 according to a specified rule according to the collection unit command to generate a characteristic signal sequence with a certain rule;
the sampling starting point of the collection unit adopts a homodromous voltage zero crossing mode: distributing unit voltage zero crossing action, and collecting unit voltage zero crossing sampling; the action point is synchronized with the sampling point to eliminate the intermediate value of the reactive value obtained by sampling.
According to the technical scheme, under the condition of no power failure, the electrical topological logic relationship of the distribution area can be described, users under each transformer can be found out, the automatic identification of the user-to-transformer relationship is realized, basic data information under the distribution area can be truly reflected, and the basis for realizing the intelligent management of the power grid is formed.
As a preferable technical means: the collecting unit collects the addresses of the distribution units within 3 kilometers nearby, the collecting unit and the distribution units are provided with geographical position information GPS, the equipment can automatically find and register in the network, the geographical position information of the equipment is provided when the equipment registers the network, the host finds the slave machines within a set distance range according to the geographical position information of the equipment, signal pulses are sequentially generated for the slave machines, and whether the slave machines and the host machine belong to the same station area or not is judged; the distribution unit carries out RS485 communication with a concentrator in the meter box, acquires ammeter information under the concentrator, realizes the establishment of a household variable relationship, and sets a distance range to be 1-5 kilometers.
As a preferable technical means: after each distribution unit receives the command, the collecting unit sequentially enables each distribution unit to act to generate a characteristic signal sequence within a certain time according to different addresses, the attribution relationship of the distribution unit zones and the front-back logic relationship between the distribution unit zones are judged according to whether the collecting unit and the distribution units of each branch point detect the corresponding characteristic signal sequences, all the distribution units under the distribution zones are accurately identified, and thus, the new distribution unit equipment is identified by repeating for many times.
As a preferable technical means: the distribution unit is provided with a characteristic signal generating circuit, the characteristic signal generating circuit comprises a power relay J1, a power relay J2, a power relay J3, a thyristor T1 and a power capacitor C1 which are connected with the power relay J3 in series, and a magnetic latching relay J4 which is connected with the thyristor T1 in parallel, the power relay J1 and the power relay J2 are connected in series, the power relay J2 is connected with the power relay J3 in parallel, and the contacts of the power relay J1 comprise a second contact, a first contact and a third contact, wherein the first contact and the third contact are electrically connected with the second contact in an alternative mode; the contacts of the power relay J2 comprise a fifth contact, a fourth contact electrically connected with the second contact, and a sixth contact, and the contacts of the power relay J3 comprise a seventh contact and an eighth contact electrically connected with the seventh contact; the fifth contact is electrically connected with the seventh contact, the second contact is electrically connected with the fourth contact, and the first contact, the third contact and the sixth contact are connected with the phase line; the eighth contact is electrically connected with a controllable silicon T1; one end of the power capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the controllable silicon T1, and the other end is electrically connected with the neutral line. According to the technical scheme, a pulse sequence is generated by switching capacitors, so that short circuit risk does not exist; the short circuit risk caused by the adoption of a pulse sequence generated by the short circuit of the phase line and the zero line is avoided.
As a preferable technical means: the distribution unit is provided with a fault current detection and remote signaling quantity acquisition module, and the position of a fault point is judged by acquiring the switch state of a breaker in a branch box through the remote signaling quantity acquisition module or acquiring the fault current at the branch position of a line.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying an electrical topology of a low-voltage distribution area, which includes the following steps:
1) a collecting unit is arranged at the head end side of the distribution transformer, and a distribution unit is arranged at an ammeter box and a line branch point;
2) after the collecting unit starts a station area identification command, the collecting unit starts to broadcast address query of the distribution unit and collects addresses of nearby distribution units;
3) the distribution units communicate with the meter box concentrator or the user meter to acquire user meter information and realize identification of the user-to-user relationship, and after each distribution unit receives an address query command, the distribution units report respective address information in a wrong time within a certain time according to different addresses;
4) the distribution transformer head end collection unit receives all addresses returned to the distribution units and then sends out instructions to enable each distribution unit to act in sequence to generate a characteristic signal sequence;
5) the distribution unit rapidly switches the power capacitor C1 according to an instruction and a specified rule, so that reactive power in the power grid is changed, and a characteristic signal sequence with a certain rule is generated;
6) the collecting unit and the distribution unit detect the characteristic signals, judge the distribution unit area attribution relationship and the front-back logic relationship between the distribution unit area attribution relationship and the distribution unit according to whether the collecting unit and the distribution unit of each branch point detect the corresponding characteristic signal sequence, and identify all the distribution units under the area, thus, the new distribution unit equipment is identified by repeating the steps for many times; generating a platform electrical topology.
As a preferable technical means: in step 6), the collecting unit and each point distribution unit analyze the detected characteristic signal sequence, and determine that the detection signal is received by using the pulse sequence similarity, wherein a high pulse sequence similarity indicates positive correlation, that is, the signal is accurately detected, and a low pulse sequence similarity indicates that no corresponding signal is detected.
As a preferable technical means: the sampling starting point of the collection unit adopts a homodromous voltage zero crossing mode: distributing unit voltage zero crossing action, and collecting unit voltage zero crossing sampling; the action point is synchronized with the sampling point to eliminate the intermediate value of the reactive value obtained by sampling.
As a preferable technical means: the sampling frequency is set to 20ms to resist even harmonics; and when the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value in the intercepted data is larger than the capacitance input value, the data is considered to have a mutation point in the group of data, namely external interference exists, and the interference point is removed to participate in calculation.
As a preferable technical means: the automatic identification of the topological relation of the low-voltage transformer area adopts a current detection mode, a reactive current pulse sequence generated by each distribution unit detects a corresponding pulse sequence signal according to the distribution unit of each branch line, the judgment of the front-back logic relation is carried out, the front-back relation and the parallel relation of the topological network nodes are determined by a traversal search algorithm, and the distribution units are associated with the user meter information to the meter box, so that the whole transformer area electrical diagram can be accurately realized;
when a low-voltage transformer area has a fault, on the premise of realizing transformer area network topology, the position of a fault point is determined by judging the on-off state of a branch point or whether fault current occurs, so that the first-aid repair efficiency is improved, the number of influencing users can be analyzed, and the minute-level power failure alarm is realized.
Has the advantages that: this technical scheme can automatic generation platform district electric topology, realizes user's ammeter platform district discernment and fault location, provides data support for low-voltage line police and analysis, if can support low-voltage side line loss lean analysis, low-voltage line impedance analysis, can improve the low pressure and join in marriage net operation and examine work efficiency.
The technical scheme is not influenced by the severe environment, high noise and high attenuation of a power line channel, does not need to be powered off, and automatically generates the electrical topological logic relationship of each branch node of the line.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an electrical schematic of the present invention for generating a signature signal sequence.
Fig. 3 is a table area display tree diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a plot of the electrical topology of the station area of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the actual topology of a zone of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an electrical relationship diagram generated from fig. 5.
Fig. 7 shows an operation waveform of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a sampled waveform of the present invention that produces reactive power.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the drawings in the specification.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes:
a collecting unit: the distribution transformer is arranged at the head end of the distribution transformer; the collection unit is used for inquiring the addresses of the distribution units around the micropower wireless broadcast distribution station area, collecting the addresses of the distribution units, enabling the distribution units to act to generate a characteristic signal sequence, identifying and judging the station area by detecting the characteristic signal sequence on the bus, and automatically forming an electrical topology logical relationship by analyzing the logical relationship of each node.
A distribution unit: the collection unit is connected with the collection unit in a wireless way, is arranged at the branch point or the meter box side and is used for generating and detecting a characteristic signal sequence and analyzing a node relation; the method comprises the steps of communicating with a meter box concentrator or a user meter to obtain user meter information, realizing identification of an inter-user variable relationship, responding to an address query command of a collection unit, reporting address information, and rapidly switching a power capacitor C1 according to a specified rule according to the collection unit command to generate a characteristic signal sequence with a certain rule;
the sampling starting point of the collection unit adopts a homodromous voltage zero crossing mode: distributing unit voltage zero crossing action, and collecting unit voltage zero crossing sampling; the action point is synchronized with the sampling point to eliminate the intermediate value of the reactive value obtained by sampling.
According to the technical scheme, under the condition of no power failure, the electrical topological logic relationship of the distribution area can be described, users under each transformer can be found out, the automatic identification of the user-to-transformer relationship is realized, basic data information under the distribution area can be truly reflected, and the basis for realizing the intelligent management of the power grid is formed.
Distributing unit voltage zero crossing point action, and collecting unit voltage zero crossing point sampling. Thus, the advantage is that the voltage zero crossing point is better to find than the voltage peak point; the action point is synchronous with the sampling point, so that the reactive value obtained by sampling does not have an intermediate value, and the condition that the first reactive value is the intermediate value because the sampling silicon controlled rectifier is put into a capacitor is avoided.
In order to avoid short circuit risk, a pulse sequence is generated by switching capacitors in the technical scheme. As shown in fig. 2, the characteristic signal generating circuit of the distributed unit comprises a power relay J1, a power relay J2, a power relay J3, a thyristor T1 and a power capacitor C1 which are connected in series with the power relay J3, and a magnetic latching relay J4 which is connected in parallel with the thyristor T1, wherein the power relay J1 and the power relay J2 are connected in series, the power relay J2 is connected in parallel with the power relay J3, and the contacts of the power relay J1 comprise a second contact, a first contact and a third contact which are electrically connected with the second contact alternatively; the contacts of the power relay J2 comprise a fifth contact, a fourth contact electrically connected with the second contact, and a sixth contact, and the contacts of the power relay J3 comprise a seventh contact and an eighth contact electrically connected with the seventh contact; the fifth contact is electrically connected with the seventh contact, the second contact is electrically connected with the fourth contact, and the first contact, the third contact and the sixth contact are connected with the phase line; the eighth contact is electrically connected with a controllable silicon T1; one end of the power capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the controllable silicon T1, and the other end is electrically connected with the neutral line. The technical scheme adopts a capacitor switching mode to generate a pulse sequence, so that the working is reliable and stable, and short circuit risk does not exist; the short circuit risk caused by the adoption of a pulse sequence generated by the short circuit of the phase line and the zero line is avoided. The CTU rapidly switches the power capacitor according to an instruction according to a specified rule to generate a characteristic signal sequence with a certain rule, the collection unit and each point distribution unit can detect the corresponding characteristic signal sequence, the pulse sequence identification degree is utilized to determine that a detection signal is received, the pulse sequence similarity degree is high to indicate positive correlation, namely, the signal is accurately detected, and the pulse sequence similarity degree is low to indicate that no corresponding signal is detected.
In order to avoid the occurrence of the situations of loss and the like caused by centralized data transmission, after each distribution unit receives the command, the distribution units report respective address information in a time interval according to different addresses, after the collection unit receives the address returned to the distribution unit, each distribution unit acts in sequence to generate a characteristic signal sequence, the attribution relationship of the distribution unit zones and the front-back logic relationship between the distribution unit zones are judged according to whether the collection unit and the distribution units of each branch point detect the corresponding characteristic signal sequence, all the distribution units under the distribution zones are accurately identified, and thus, the newly added CTU equipment can be identified by repeating for many times. Effectively improving the working stability.
The method for identifying the electrical topology of the low-voltage transformer area comprises the following steps:
1) a collecting unit is arranged at the head end side of the distribution transformer, and a distribution unit is arranged at an ammeter box and a line branch point; and the distribution unit is called as CTU for short, and before the identification and topological relation of the transformer area, whether the CTU of each installation point is unknown under the corresponding transformer area or not and the sequential topological logical relation is also unknown.
2) After the collecting unit starts a station area identification command, the collecting unit starts broadcasting CTU address query and collects the addresses of the adjacent CTUs; the collecting unit can collect about 1 kilometer of CTU addresses nearby and set the range by adopting a communication means; because the typical design power supply radius of the distribution transformer area does not exceed 500 meters, the LORA micro-power wireless mode is adopted, and CTU equipment within at least 1 kilometer can be searched.
3) The CTUs communicate with a meter box concentrator or a user table to acquire user table information and realize user variable relationship identification, and after each CTU receives an address query command, the CTUs report respective address information in a wrong time within a certain time according to different addresses; the CTU communicates with the concentrator in the meter box through RS 485.
4) The distribution transformer head end collection unit receives all returned addresses of the CTUs and then sends out instructions to enable each CTU to act to generate a characteristic signal sequence in sequence;
5) the CTU rapidly switches the power capacitor C1 according to an instruction and a specified rule, so that reactive power in the power grid is changed, and a characteristic signal sequence with a certain rule is generated; the distribution unit switches the capacitors according to a certain rule, the rule can be set, for example, 100ms is input, 100ms is cut off, the time lasts for 1S totally, the collection unit records the waveform when the operation starts, the recording time is longer than the operation time, for example, 4S, and then the operation period (1S data is intercepted) is read circularly for comparison. In order to ensure the accuracy of the station area identification, the generation and identification of reactive power change calculation are specially processed.
6) The collection unit and the CTU detect characteristic signals, judge the affiliation relationship of the CTU area and the front-back logic relationship between the affiliation relationship and the front-back logic relationship according to whether the CTU of the collection unit and each branch point detects a corresponding characteristic signal sequence, and identify all CTUs under the area, so that the new CTU equipment is identified repeatedly for many times; generating a platform electrical topology. The sampling starting point adopts a homodromous voltage zero crossing mode: distributing unit voltage zero crossing point action, and collecting unit voltage zero crossing point sampling. Thus, the advantage is that the voltage zero crossing point is better to find than the voltage peak point; the action point is synchronous with the sampling point, so that the reactive value obtained by sampling does not have an intermediate value, and the condition that the first reactive value is the intermediate value because the sampling silicon controlled rectifier is put into a capacitor is avoided. The sampling frequency is set to 20ms, which is advantageous compared with the 10ms sampling frequency: even harmonic can be resisted, because the left half wave and the right half wave of the even harmonic are asymmetric, and the 10ms algorithm fills the back half wave through the front half wave, so that the waveform does not accord with the actual waveform, and misjudgment is influenced. Fig. 7 shows an operation waveform, and fig. 8 shows a sampling waveform for generating reactive power. If the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the intercepted data is larger than the capacitance input value, the situation that an abrupt point exists in the group of data is shown, namely external interference. The processing mode is that the current interference point does not participate in corresponding calculation, the data is intercepted point by point, for example, it is assumed that 1000 data are intercepted within 1S time, the first time is to intercept data within 1S is 1-1000, the second time is 2-1001, and the process is circulated. When the transformer area is identified, the judgment of the transformer area identification is carried out by adopting a correlation coefficient algorithm, and the correlation coefficient algorithm is a method for measuring the linear relation between two variables. The result of the correlation coefficient quantitatively describes the correlation degree of X and Y, namely the correlation degree is larger when the value of the correlation coefficient is larger, the maximum value of the correlation degree is 1, and the result shows that the closeness of the linear relation of the two variables is very strong and is a strong correlation relation; when the correlation coefficient value is small, the X and Y correlation degree is generally poor; and no linear relation exists, and reactive power in the distribution area and the transformer are in a linear attribution relation, so that according to the algorithm, the intercepted data is subjected to correlation coefficient calculation to obtain a correlation coefficient value, and the attribution of the user area is judged. And the collection unit automatically generates an electrical topological graph according to the detection result of the distribution unit. The resulting graph is similar to that shown in fig. 3 and 4 below. In fig. 4, the small circle is the meter box end CTU device, and the large circle indicates a branch point.
When the topological relation of the low-voltage transformer area is automatically identified, a current detection mode is adopted, the reactive current pulse sequence generated by each CTU is used for detecting a corresponding pulse sequence signal according to the CTU of each branch line, the front-back logic relation is judged, and the front-back relation and the parallel relation of the topological network nodes are determined through a traversal search algorithm. The CTU can be closed to the user meter information of the meter box, and the whole distribution room electrical diagram can be accurately realized.
When the low-voltage transformer area fault is positioned, on the premise of realizing transformer area network topology, the position of a fault point is determined by judging the on-off state of a branch point or whether fault current occurs, the first-aid repair efficiency is improved, the number of influencing users can be analyzed, and minute-level power failure alarm is realized.
As shown in fig. 5, a test point is taken as an example to specifically describe a method for implementing topology identification of a low-voltage distribution area, field topology structures of the distribution area are all in a shape of a radioactive umbrella, each distribution unit sends a pulse sequence signal according to a communication command of a distribution terminal, a collection unit monitors all other distribution units, if signals are monitored, the distribution unit which is acting is a child node, and the collection unit can monitor all signals under the distribution area with certainty, and finally an electrical relationship diagram shown in fig. 6 is formed. Through associating with actual table case name (promptly archives mark case name) when every distribution unit installation, just can be associated with actual electricity, make things convenient for the operation and maintenance to seek. And the distribution and transformation terminal reads the topology logic information in the collection unit through RS485 and performs corresponding management.
The system and method for identifying the electrical topology of the low-voltage transformer area for fast fault location shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are embodiments of the present invention, have shown the substantial features and advantages of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention to modify the same in shape, structure, etc. according to the practical needs.
Claims (9)
1. A low-voltage platform district electric topology identification system for quick fault location, its characterized in that includes:
a collecting unit: the low-voltage side outlet of the distribution transformer is arranged; the collection unit is used for inquiring addresses of peripheral distribution units of the power distribution area in a wireless mode, collecting the addresses of the distribution units, enabling the distribution units to act to generate reactive current pulses or reactive power to serve as characteristic signals, identifying and judging the distribution area by detecting the characteristic signals on a bus, and automatically forming an electrical topological logical relation by analyzing the logical relation of each node;
a distribution unit: the collection unit is connected with the collection unit in a wireless way, is arranged at the branch point or the meter box side and is used for generating and detecting characteristic signals and analyzing node relation; the method comprises the steps of communicating with a meter box concentrator or a user meter to obtain user meter information, realizing identification of an inter-user variable relationship, responding to an address query command of a collection unit, reporting address information, and rapidly switching a power capacitor C1 according to a specified rule according to the collection unit command to generate a characteristic signal sequence with a certain rule;
the sampling starting point of the collection unit adopts a homodromous voltage zero crossing mode: distributing unit voltage zero crossing action, and collecting unit voltage zero crossing sampling; the action point and the sampling point are synchronous to eliminate the intermediate value of the reactive value obtained by sampling;
the distribution unit is provided with a characteristic signal generating circuit, the characteristic signal generating circuit comprises a power relay J1, a power relay J2, a power relay J3, a thyristor T1 and a power capacitor C1 which are connected with the power relay J3 in series, and a magnetic latching relay J4 which is connected with the thyristor T1 in parallel, the power relay J1 and the power relay J2 are connected in series, the power relay J2 is connected with the power relay J3 in parallel, and the contacts of the power relay J1 comprise a second contact, a first contact and a third contact, wherein the first contact and the third contact are electrically connected with the second contact in an alternative mode; the contacts of the power relay J2 comprise a fifth contact, a fourth contact electrically connected with the second contact, and a sixth contact, and the contacts of the power relay J3 comprise a seventh contact and an eighth contact electrically connected with the seventh contact; the fifth contact is electrically connected with the seventh contact, the second contact is electrically connected with the fourth contact, and the first contact, the third contact and the sixth contact are connected with the phase line; the eighth contact is electrically connected with a controllable silicon T1; one end of the power capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the controllable silicon T1, and the other end of the power capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the neutral line;
the pulse sequence is generated by adopting a capacitor switching mode, so that short circuit risk does not exist; the short circuit risk caused by the adoption of a pulse sequence generated by the short circuit of the phase line and the zero line is avoided;
the sampling frequency is set to 20ms to resist even harmonics; and when the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value in the intercepted data is larger than the capacitance input value, the data is considered to have a mutation point in the group of data, namely external interference exists, and the interference point is removed to participate in calculation.
2. The low-voltage platform area electrical topology identification system for rapid fault location of claim 1, wherein: the collecting unit and the distributing unit are provided with geographical position information GPS, the equipment can automatically find and register in the network, the geographical position information of the equipment is provided when the equipment registers the network, the host finds the slave machines in a set distance range according to the geographical position information of the equipment, signal pulses are sequentially generated for the slave machines, and whether the slave machines and the host machine belong to the same station area or not is judged; the distribution unit carries out RS485 communication with a concentrator in the meter box, acquires ammeter information under the concentrator, realizes the establishment of a household variable relationship, and sets a distance range to be 1-5 kilometers.
3. The low-voltage platform area electrical topology identification system for rapid fault location of claim 2, wherein: after receiving the command, each distribution unit reports respective address information in a time interval according to different addresses, the collecting unit receives the address returned to the distribution unit, and then each distribution unit acts to generate a characteristic signal sequence, and according to whether the collecting unit and the distribution unit of each branch point detect the corresponding characteristic signal sequence, the attribution relationship of the distribution unit zones and the front-back logic relationship between the distribution unit zones are judged, all the distribution units under the zone are accurately identified, and thus, the new distribution unit equipment is identified by repeating for many times.
4. The low-voltage platform area electrical topology identification system for rapid fault location of claim 1, wherein: the distribution unit is provided with a fault current detection and remote signaling quantity acquisition module, and the position of a fault point is judged by acquiring the switch state of a breaker in a branch box through the remote signaling quantity acquisition module or acquiring the fault current at the branch position of a line.
5. The low-voltage distribution area electrical topology identification method for the low-voltage distribution area electrical topology identification system for rapid fault location according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) a collecting unit is arranged at the head end side of the distribution transformer, and a distribution unit is arranged at an ammeter box and a line branch point;
2) after the collecting unit starts a station area identification command, the collecting unit starts to broadcast address query of the distribution unit and collects addresses of nearby distribution units;
3) the distribution units communicate with the meter box concentrator or the user meter to acquire user meter information and realize identification of the user-to-user relationship, and after each distribution unit receives an address query command, the distribution units report respective address information in a wrong time within a certain time according to different addresses;
4) the distribution transformer head end collection unit receives all addresses returned to the distribution units and then sends out instructions to enable each distribution unit to act in sequence to generate a characteristic signal sequence;
5) the distribution unit rapidly switches the power capacitor C1 according to an instruction and a specified rule, so that reactive power in the power grid is changed, and a characteristic signal sequence with a certain rule is generated;
6) the collecting unit and the distribution unit detect the characteristic signals, judge the distribution unit area attribution relationship and the front-back logic relationship between the distribution unit area attribution relationship and the distribution unit according to whether the collecting unit and the distribution unit of each branch point detect the corresponding characteristic signal sequence, and identify all the distribution units under the area, thus, the new distribution unit equipment is identified by repeating the steps for many times; generating a platform electrical topology.
6. The low-voltage transformer area electrical topology identification method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step 6), the collecting unit and each point distribution unit analyze the detected characteristic signal sequence, and determine that the detection signal is received by using the pulse sequence similarity, wherein a high pulse sequence similarity indicates positive correlation, that is, the signal is accurately detected, and a low pulse sequence similarity indicates that no corresponding signal is detected.
7. The low-voltage transformer area electrical topology identification method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the sampling starting point of the collection unit adopts a homodromous voltage zero crossing mode: distributing unit voltage zero crossing action, and collecting unit voltage zero crossing sampling; the action point is synchronized with the sampling point to eliminate the intermediate value of the reactive value obtained by sampling.
8. The low-voltage transformer area electrical topology identification method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the sampling frequency is set to 20ms to resist even harmonics; and when the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value in the intercepted data is larger than the capacitance input value, the data is considered to have a mutation point in the group of data, namely external interference exists, and the interference point is removed to participate in calculation.
9. The low-voltage transformer area electrical topology identification method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the automatic identification of the topological relation of the low-voltage transformer area adopts a current detection mode, a reactive current pulse sequence generated by each distribution unit detects a corresponding pulse sequence signal according to the distribution unit of each branch line, the judgment of the front-back logic relation is carried out, the front-back relation and the parallel relation of the topological network nodes are determined by a traversal search algorithm, and the distribution units are associated with the user meter information of the meter box, so that the whole transformer area electrical diagram can be accurately realized;
when a low-voltage transformer area has a fault, on the premise of realizing transformer area network topology, the position of a fault point is determined by judging the on-off state of a branch point or whether fault current occurs, so that the first-aid repair efficiency is improved, the number of influencing users can be analyzed, and the minute-level power failure alarm is realized.
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