CN108822863B - Oyster shell soil conditioner, preparation method thereof and application thereof in rice planting - Google Patents
Oyster shell soil conditioner, preparation method thereof and application thereof in rice planting Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention relates to an oyster shell soil conditioner, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in paddy rice planting, oyster shells are calcined at a stepped high temperature, and the stepped high temperature calcination comprises two calcination temperatures: the first calcination temperature is 300-550 ℃, and the second calcination temperature is 900-1200 ℃. The oyster shell soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can obviously improve the effect of improving the oyster shell soil by adopting stepped high-temperature calcination, can reduce the content of effective cadmium in rice soil, improve the pH of the soil and obviously reduce the content of cadmium in rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soil improvement and restoration technology, in particular to an oyster shell soil conditioner, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in rice planting.
Background
Oyster shell is formed by biomineralization regulation of organic matter, namely, a small amount of organic matter macromolecules (proteins, glycoproteins or polysaccharides) are taken as a framework, and molecular operation is carried out by taking calcium carbonate as a unit, so that a highly ordered multi-microlayer structure is formed. The main component in the oyster shell is calcium carbonate, and the calcium carbonate accounts for more than 90% of the mass of the oyster shell. Oyster shells contain nitrogen, phosphorus and other organic matters and rich calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, sodium and other mineral elements necessary for biological growth, so that the oyster shells can be directly applied to soil as fertilizer. Oyster shells are alkaline, and have obvious effect on improving soil lacking lime and being acidic. The natural porous structure of oyster shell has certain adsorption effect, and after the fertilizer is combined with the porous structure, the release speed of the fertilizer is slowed down, and the functions of fertilizer preservation and fertilizer utilization rate improvement can be achieved.
In the prior art, the oyster shell is adopted to improve the soil, so that the problems of high calcining temperature and high energy consumption exist, and the distribution of the micropore structure of the oyster shell calcined at high temperature is uneven, so that the improvement effect is influenced. If the temperature is lowered, calcium carbonate is insufficiently decomposed, the micropore structure of oyster shells is difficult to form, and the calcium oxide content in the product is low, so that the method is unfavorable for soil fattening.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art and provide an oyster shell soil conditioner, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in rice planting.
Oyster shell can be used for improving soil, and the important reasons are adsorption effect of the microporous structure on heavy metal elements in soil and fixing effect on nutrient elements. In the aspect of playing the adsorption effect, the proper micropore structure has a great influence on the adsorption effect. Compared with the conventional calcination process, the step-type high-temperature calcination step 1) has the effects of enabling oyster shells to form a large number of micropore structures with uniform size distribution and pore size of about 5 mu m, remarkably increasing the calcium oxide content of the oyster shell soil conditioner, and being short in calcination time, low in temperature and more energy-saving. Preferably, the first calcination temperature is 450-530 ℃, and the second calcination temperature is 980-1030 ℃, so that the obtained micropore structure is more dense and has more micropores; more preferably, the first calcination temperature is 500 ℃, and the second calcination temperature is 1000 ℃, and the pore size obtained at this time has a better effect of combining with organic matters.
Step 3) mixing oyster shell and organic matter component, compared with the prior art, the function is that organic matter component is contained in oyster shell micropore structure, is difficult to run off, better plays the effect of improving soil fertility. 70-80 parts of oyster shell, 20-30 parts of organic matter components and 100 parts in total, so that the organic matter components can be maximally ensured to be contained in the microporous structure of the oyster shell while the soil fertility is improved. The organic components exceeding 30 parts may cause that some organic components cannot be contained in the oyster shell microporous structure due to excessive organic components.
After obtaining a large number of oyster shells with microporous structures, which are uniform in size distribution and about 5 mu m in pore size, through stepped high-temperature calcination, how to realize the durable and effective fixation of the oyster shells on the nutrient elements is another key problem of the invention. In the step 3), the superfine pulverizer is preferably adopted for pulverizing oyster shell and organic matter components, so that superfine powder with smaller particle size can be formed, the organic matter components are contained in the oyster shell microporous structure and are not easy to run off, the soil fertility is provided for a long time, and the technical defects of poor fertility effect and poor durability of the existing oyster shell soil conditioner are overcome. In the step 4), the mixture is preferably input into a rotary drum granulator for steam granulation, the granules are dried by blowing hot air into a dryer after the grain size is 1-2mm, the dried granules are further subjected to steam granulation, and the granules are dried by blowing hot air into the dryer after the grain size is 4-5 mm.
The specific scheme is as follows:
the preparation method of the oyster shell soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
step 1) carrying out step-type high-temperature calcination on oyster shells, wherein the step-type high-temperature calcination comprises two calcination temperatures: the method comprises the steps of (1) a first calcination temperature and a second calcination temperature, wherein the first calcination temperature is 300-550 ℃, the second calcination temperature is 900-1200 ℃, and cooling to obtain step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shells;
step 2) taking one or more than one of the wastes generated in the breeding or processing process of fish, shrimp, shellfish, algae or livestock and poultry animals, and drying to obtain organic matters;
step 3) mixing the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell obtained in step 1) with the organic matters obtained in step 2), and crushing to obtain a mixture, wherein the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell accounts for 70% -80% of the total weight of the mixture;
and 4) granulating the mixture obtained in the step 3) to obtain the oyster shell soil conditioner.
Further, in the step 1), the first calcining temperature is 450-530 ℃ and the second calcining temperature is 980-1030 ℃.
Further, the step-type high-temperature calcination in the step 1) is to heat up to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, heat up to 10min, and heat up to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, and heat up to 10min.
Further, the step high temperature calcined oyster shell in step 3) accounts for 73% or 75% of the total weight of the mixture.
Further, in the step 3), a superfine pulverizer is adopted for the pulverization.
And further, the granulating mode in the step 4) is that the mixture is input into a rotary drum granulator for steam granulation, the granules are dried by blowing hot air into a dryer after the particle size is 1-2mm, the dried granules are subjected to steam granulation again, and the granules are dried by blowing hot air into the dryer after the particle size is 4-5 mm.
The invention also provides an oyster shell soil conditioner which is prepared by the preparation method of the oyster shell soil conditioner.
The invention also protects the application of the oyster shell soil conditioner, which is used for conditioning the soil for planting rice.
Further, the application amount of the oyster shell soil conditioner applied to the soil for planting rice is 100 kg/mu.
Further, after the oyster shell soil conditioner is used, the content of cadmium in the soil in an effective state is reduced, the pH of the soil is increased, and the cadmium content of the produced rice is reduced.
The beneficial effects are that: the oyster shell soil conditioner disclosed by the invention adopts the step type high-temperature calcined oyster shell, improves the micropore structure of the product, is fully combined with organic matters, can obviously improve the effect of improving the oyster shell soil, can reduce the content of effective cadmium in rice soil, improves the pH of the soil, and obviously reduces the content of cadmium in rice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph (magnification 5000) of uncalcined oyster shell according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope (magnification: 5000 times) of a stepwise high temperature calcined oyster shell according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by combining examples. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are performed according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Example 1
(1) And (3) sending the oyster shells into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, heating to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shells.
(2) And drying wastes in the processing process of the fish and the shrimp to obtain organic matters.
(3) 70 parts of step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell and 30 parts of organic matter are mixed, crushed by a superfine crusher and uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture.
(4) And (3) inputting the mixture obtained in the step into a rotary drum granulator for steam granulation, blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 1-2mm, and then continuously performing steam granulation, and blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 4-5mm, thus obtaining the oyster shell soil conditioner.
The step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell forms a large number of micropore structures with the size of about 5 mu m, a scanning electron microscope image of the oyster shell is shown in figure 2, and compared with the uncalcined oyster shell shown in figure 1, the pore structure of the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell is obviously increased, and the size and the distribution are uniform.
Example 2
(1) And (3) sending the oyster shells into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, heating to 1030 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shells.
(2) And drying wastes in the processing process of shellfish and algae to obtain organic matters.
(3) 75 parts of step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell and 25 parts of organic matter are mixed, crushed by a superfine crusher and uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture.
(4) And (3) inputting the mixture obtained in the step into a rotary drum granulator for steam granulation, blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 1-2mm, and then continuously performing steam granulation, and blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 4-5mm, thus obtaining the oyster shell soil conditioner.
Example 3
(1) And (3) sending the oyster shells into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 530 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, heating to 980 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shells.
(2) And drying wastes in the poultry raising process to obtain organic matters.
(3) 70 parts of step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell and 30 parts of organic matter are mixed, crushed by a superfine crusher and uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture.
(4) And (3) inputting the mixture obtained in the step into a rotary drum granulator for steam granulation, blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 1-2mm, and then continuously performing steam granulation, and blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 4-5mm, thus obtaining the oyster shell soil conditioner.
Example 4
(1) And (3) sending the oyster shells into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, heating to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shells.
(2) And (5) drying wastes in the pig farm to obtain organic matters.
(3) 73 parts of step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell and 27 parts of organic matter are mixed, crushed by a superfine crusher and uniformly mixed to prepare a mixture.
(4) And (3) inputting the mixture obtained in the step into a rotary drum granulator for steam granulation, blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 1-2mm, and then continuously performing steam granulation, and blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 4-5mm, thus obtaining the oyster shell soil conditioner.
Example 5
(1) And (3) sending the oyster shells into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shells.
(2) And drying wastes in the poultry processing process to obtain organic matters.
(3) Mixing 80 parts of step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell and 20 parts of organic matters, crushing by using an ultra-fine crusher, and uniformly mixing to prepare a mixture.
(4) And (3) inputting the mixture obtained in the step into a rotary drum granulator for steam granulation, blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 1-2mm, and then continuously performing steam granulation, and blowing hot air into the dryer to dry the granules after the particle size of the granules is 4-5mm, thus obtaining the oyster shell soil conditioner.
Comparative example 1
This example is essentially the same as example 1, except that step (1) is replaced with: and (3) sending the oyster shells into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, naturally cooling to room temperature, and mixing the oyster shells subjected to stepped high-temperature calcination in the step (3) with organic matters.
After calcination at 1000 ℃ for 30min, there was a pore structure in the oyster shell, but the pores were not dense, relatively more dispersed, and more dense in the stepwise high temperature calcination pores, compared to the stepwise high temperature calcination oyster shell in example 1.
Field test
The oyster shell soil conditioner of examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 was used for field test in paddy rice test fields of mountain town, long and sand city, hunan province, the basic condition of the soil of the test fields is that the total cadmium content of the soil is 0.53mg/kg, the cadmium content of the soil effective state is 0.31mg/kg, and the pH of the soil is 5.51.
The application method of the oyster shell soil conditioner comprises the following steps: and the oyster shell soil conditioner is uniformly mixed with the soil 7 days before the rice transplanting and combined with the paddy field ploughing and base application, the rice application amount is 100 kg/mu, the oyster shell soil conditioner is not applied to the conventional blank control treatment group, and the field management is carried out according to the conventional management.
After the rice test is finished, the rice and soil samples are separated according to a multipoint sampling method, and the pH value of the soil, the cadmium content of the soil in an effective state and the cadmium content of the rice are detected immediately after all samples are sampled. The method for evaluating the effect by taking the cadmium reduction rate of rice, the reduction of the cadmium content of the soil in an effective state and the increase of the pH of the soil as an index system comprises the following steps of:
the soil pH determination method adopts the soil pH determination of the national agricultural industry standard NY/T1377-2007 of the people's republic of China. The method for measuring the content of the effective cadmium in the soil adopts an atomic absorption method for measuring the quality and the effective lead and cadmium of the soil in the national standard GB/T23739-2009 of the people's republic of China. The method for measuring the cadmium content in the rice adopts the national standard of the people's republic of China, GB 5009.15-2014, and national standard food for food safety.
Cadmium reduction rate of rice: (cadmium content of rice of conventional control group-cadmium content of rice treated with oyster shell soil conditioner)/cadmium content of rice of conventional control group 100%;
reducing the effective cadmium content of the soil: (soil effective state cadmium content of conventional control treatment group-oyster shell soil conditioner treated soil effective state cadmium content)/soil effective state cadmium content of conventional control treatment group 100%;
soil pH increment: oyster shell soil conditioner-treated soil pH-soil pH of conventional blank control treatment group.
The results are shown in Table 1:
table 1 table of field test results
The field test result shows that the oyster shell soil conditioner prepared by the method can reduce the content of effective cadmium in rice soil, improve the pH of the soil and obviously reduce the content of cadmium in rice.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. The various possible combinations of the invention are not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of oyster shell soil conditioner is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) carrying out step-type high-temperature calcination on oyster shells, wherein the step-type high-temperature calcination comprises two calcination temperatures: the method comprises the steps of (1) a first calcination temperature and a second calcination temperature, wherein the first calcination temperature is 450-530 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10min, the second calcination temperature is 980-1030 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10min, and cooling to obtain step-type oyster shells calcined at high temperature;
step 2) taking one or more than one of wastes generated in the breeding or processing process of fish, shrimp, shellfish or livestock and poultry animals, and drying to obtain organic matters;
step 3) mixing the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell obtained in step 1) with the organic matters obtained in step 2), and crushing to obtain a mixture, wherein the step-type high-temperature calcined oyster shell accounts for 70% -80% of the total weight of the mixture;
step 4) granulating the mixture obtained in the step 3) to obtain the oyster shell soil conditioner; the granulating mode is that the mixture is input into a rotary drum granulator for steam granulating, the granules are blown into a dryer by hot air after the grain diameter is 1-2mm, the granules are dried, the dried granules are subjected to steam granulating again, and the granules are blown into the dryer by hot air after the grain diameter is 4-5mm, so that the granules are dried.
2. The method for preparing oyster shell soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step high-temperature calcination in the step 1) is to heat up to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, heat up to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, and heat up to 10min.
3. The method for preparing oyster shell soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step high temperature calcined oyster shell in step 3) accounts for 73% or 75% of the total weight of the mixture.
4. The method for preparing oyster shell soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3), a superfine pulverizer is adopted for the pulverization.
5. An oyster shell soil conditioner is characterized in that: a method of preparing an oyster shell soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Use of the oyster shell soil conditioner of claim 5, characterized in that: is used for conditioning the soil for planting rice.
7. Use of the oyster shell soil conditioner according to claim 6, characterized in that: the application amount of the oyster shell soil conditioner applied to the soil for planting rice is 100 kg/mu.
8. Use of oyster shell soil conditioner according to claim 7, characterized in that: after the oyster shell soil conditioner is used, the content of cadmium in the soil in an effective state is reduced, the pH value of the soil is increased, and the cadmium content of the produced rice is reduced.
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| CN109852395B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2021-04-02 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Oyster shell powder and preparation method thereof, soil heavy metal passivator and organic fertilizer |
| CN110183269A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-30 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Lobster, rice are fattened and preparation method thereof altogether |
| CN111334308A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-06-26 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Soil heavy metal passivator, preparation method thereof and soil remediation method |
| CN111548801A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-08-18 | 集美大学 | Oyster shell soil conditioner and application method thereof in tomato planting |
| CN111606769A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-09-01 | 江西普瑞丰生态科技有限公司 | Modifier for soil heavy metal pollution treatment and preparation method thereof |
| CN113501733A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-10-15 | 安徽省司尔特肥业股份有限公司 | Special functional bio-organic fertilizer for hickory and preparation method thereof |
| CN118085878A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-05-28 | 新洋丰农业科技股份有限公司 | Conditioning agent for targeted restoration of acidified black land and preparation method thereof |
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Inventor after: Cao Minjie Inventor after: Zhang Jian Inventor after: Zhuang Yizhong Inventor after: Weng Ling Inventor after: Li Shu Inventor after: Liu Guangming Inventor before: Cao Minjie Inventor before: Zhang Jian Inventor before: Zhuang Yizhong Inventor before: Weng Ling Inventor before: Liu Guangming |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |