CN108819375A - 一种高弹性复合织物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及纺织技术领域，尤其涉及一种高弹性复合织物，包括表层，弹性夹层和里层，所述表层由改性棉麻纤维束编织而成，所述弹性夹层由聚肽生物弹性体构成，所述里层由棉丝线斜纹织造而成，所述改性棉麻纤维束包括一根主纤维丝和若干根混纺纤维丝，所述混纺纤维丝缠绕在主纤维丝的外表面，所述混纺纤维丝的外表面包覆有纳米二氧化硅涂层。本发明通过弹性夹层设计和由水凝胶与桑蚕丝复配的混纺纤维丝改性棉麻纤维束，使得高弹性复合织物具有优异的弹性性能；通过在面料上涂覆纳米二氧化硅涂层，并对其表面结构设置凹凸相间的弧形结构，使得高弹性复合织物具有超疏水性，降低棉麻面料的沾湿性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于运动服装的高弹性复合织物。
背景技术
随着生活质量的提高，越来越多的人选择户外健身运动，一套舒适的运动装是非常重要的。目前，在市面上常见的运动装的面料为化学纤维，尤其是聚酯类，还有丙纶，属于拒水性纤维，本身吸湿非常少，但是通过毛细效应，使它能够沿着纤维自身的孔隙、纤维与纤维之间的缝隙吸收并传导水分。这类化纤面料之所以能够吸湿排汗，主要在于其吸收汗液后，汗液的扩散速度非常快，并在织物的另一侧可以迅速蒸发掉。但是，该种面料中添加有化学试剂，对皮肤存在着一定的刺激，舒适度差。
近年来越来越流行棉麻布料，很多人都喜欢棉麻制成的服饰，穿起来舒适自在，而且透气性也非常好。棉麻面料自然环保，从种植到手织成布，缝制成床单，不使用农药和化学染剂，纺织品不含甲醛、偶氮等化学重金属离子，是真正的绿色生态纺织珍品，如果将其应用到运动服中具有很大的市场前景。
采用棉麻材质的面料做运动服时吸湿性能虽然非常好，它的放湿速度却很慢，对汗液的扩散速度也慢，使得汗液比较容易集中。人一旦运动并且大量出汗，棉麻纤维汗吸后，湿感严重，会粘在身上比较难受。此外，棉麻面料为天然纤维纤维素面料，其天生的弹性和恢复性能极差，也限制其在运动服装中的应用。因此对于国内面料企业来说，不断创新，提高生产工艺，改进面料加工技术，突破对运动装面料设计与生产的科技难题，具有重大的研究意义。
发明内容
本发明为了克服传统棉麻面料弹性差、易沾湿性的问题，提供了一种透气性好、高弹性、疏水的高弹性复合织物。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种高弹性复合织物，包括表层，弹性夹层和里层，所述表层由改性棉麻纤维束编织而成，所述弹性夹层由聚肽生物弹性体构成，所述里层由棉丝线斜纹织造而成，所述改性棉麻纤维束包括一根主纤维丝和若干根混纺纤维丝，所述混纺纤维丝缠绕在主纤维丝的外表面，所述混纺纤维丝的外表面包覆有纳米二氧化硅涂层。
聚肽通常指一种或者几种氨基酸或其衍生物通过聚合反应得到的均聚物或共聚物，具有与天然蛋白相似的结构和良好的酶生物将降解性。聚肽生物弹性体是由聚肽不同分子链构象之间发生转变形成的三维网状结构，具有高的可降解性、良好的柔韧性，高的生物相容性。本发明通过在棉麻面料夹层增加可降解的生物弹性体，在未添加有毒化学试剂的前提下，提高了棉麻纺织面料的弹性，改善后的面料可应用于运动服中。本发明的纳米二氧化硅涂层由液体玻璃经喷涂工艺制得。液体玻璃，主要成分几乎是纯二氧化硅，从石英砂中提取出来，根据具体的表面材质添加水或者乙醇，再无需其他添加剂，这种液体玻璃的抑菌效果很持久，因为落到表面的微生物不能轻松的分裂，该涂层具有疏水性，防止出汗后面料的沾湿。
作为优选，所述混纺纤维丝由桑蚕丝与水凝胶复配制得。
水凝胶由亲水聚合物链组成，能吸收高达90%的水分，这种材料强度不高，也不耐用，但是加入一些蜘蛛丝纤维后，就变得强韧、可弯曲，弹性也非常好。本发明通过对棉麻纤维进行改性，在主纤维丝外缠绕由桑蚕丝与水凝胶复配制得混纺纤维丝，大大增加了棉麻纤维自身的弹性。
有选的，通过在主纤维内加入银纤维，棉麻复合纺织面料在使用过程中，银纤维中逐渐溶出的微量金属离子向细菌细胞内扩散，引起细菌代谢障碍而死亡，有效改善传统棉麻面料容易霉变的弊端，提高杀菌性能。
作为优选，所述主纤维丝的横截面为若干凹陷的弧线构成的环状结构，所述弧线的弧度与混纺纤维丝的外径弧度相适配，所述主纤维丝的内径是混纺纤维丝内径的3~5倍。
该设计使得主纤维丝与混纺纤维丝彼此的缠绕更为紧密，混纺纤维丝绕主纤维丝一周，接近无缝贴合，避免由于主纤维丝与混纺纤维丝产生空隙导致灰尘进入主纤维丝内，造成清洗难度的加大，同时增加高弹性复合织物的致密度，防止运动过程中产生的汗液进入里层沾湿皮肤，增加舒适度。
作为优选，所述聚肽生物弹性体间隔分布，相邻聚肽生物弹性体之间的孔隙形成透气孔，间隔分布的弹性体设计，能够使得弹性势能得到存贮和释放，进一步增加棉麻复合纺织面料的弹性和透气性，提高舒适度。
作为优选，所述聚肽生物弹性体的截面为两个以上底为对称轴的等腰梯形组合，所述透气孔的竖直截面为正六边形。
弹性体设计为上下宽中间窄的结构，使得在棉麻面料在挤压时更好的发生弹性形变，储存更多的弹性势能，中间宽两端窄的六边形透气孔内部体积较大，能够提高透气效果，一方面增加棉麻面料的舒适度，扩大应用范围，另一方面面料保持空气流通防止发霉，避免滋生细菌，使其适应运动服装的面料要求。
作为优选，所述主纤维丝由以下重量份的组分组成：棉纤维45~60份，麻纤维30~45份和蜘蛛丝5~10份。
蜘蛛丝是自然界最强韧的纤维，其断裂强度1.3GPa，伸长率40%，被誉为“生物钢”，本发明采用由生物质材料蜘蛛丝棉麻纤维结合作为主纤维丝，大大减少了化学合成纤维的使用，合成过程更为绿色环保，进一步提高了棉麻面料的弹性和运动舒适度。
作为优选，所述纳米二氧化硅涂层的外壁设有间隔分布的凸起与凹槽，所述凸起与凹槽为弧状结构。
纳米二氧化硅涂层外壁凸起与凹槽设计使得高弹性复合织物在编织过程中，防止主纤维丝与混纺纤维丝直接的打滑，相邻的混纺纤维丝也可以形状适配，防止起球，使得棉麻复合纺织面料的表层更为致密，硬度低，舒适度高；此外，该凸起、凹槽间隔设计的结构构成“荷叶双微观结构”，规则排列的凸起所构建的粗糙度使其表面稳定吸附了一层空气膜，诱导了其超疏水的性质，从而确保了自清洁功能。该结构的存在，大量空气储存在这些微小的凹凸之间，使得水珠只与纺织面料表面纳米二氧化硅涂层的凸起相接触，显著减小了水珠与固体表面的接触面积，扩大了水珠与空气的界面，因此液滴不会自动扩展，而保持其球体状，使得高弹性复合织物具有超疏水性。
因此，本发明具有如下有益效果：
（1）通过弹性夹层设计和由水凝胶与桑蚕丝复配的混纺纤维丝改性棉麻纤维束，使得高弹性复合织物具有优异的弹性性能；
（2）通过在面料上涂覆纳米二氧化硅涂层，并对其表面结构设置凹凸相间的弧形结构，使得高弹性复合织物具有超疏水性，降低棉麻面料的沾湿性。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例1的改性棉麻纤维束的断面图。
图3是图2中A的放大结构示意图。
图4是本发明的水滴接触界面状态图。
图中：表层1，弹性夹层2，里层3，主纤维丝4，混纺纤维丝5，纳米二氧化硅涂层6，弧线7，凸起8，凹槽9，透气孔10，聚肽生物弹性体11，蜘蛛丝12，棉纤维13，麻纤维14。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
在本发明中，若非特指，所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的，下述实施例中的方法，如无特别说明，均为本领域常规方法。
实施例1
如图1和图2所示，一种高弹性复合织物，包括由改性棉麻纤维束编织而成表层1，由间隔分布的聚肽生物弹性体11构成的弹性夹层2和由棉丝线斜纹织造而成的里层3，聚肽生物弹性体的截面为两个以上底为对称轴的等腰梯形组合，相邻聚肽生物弹性体之间的孔隙形成竖直截面为六边形的透气孔10。改性棉麻纤维束包括一根主纤维丝4和由桑蚕丝与水凝胶（质量比1:1）复配制得的混纺纤维丝5，混纺纤维丝的外表面包覆纳米二氧化硅涂层6，纳米二氧化硅涂层有外壁设有间隔分布的弧状结构的凸起8与凹槽9（图3），混纺纤维丝缠绕在主纤维丝的外表面。主纤维丝由45g的棉纤维13，30g的麻纤维14和5g的蜘蛛丝12复配组成。主纤维丝的横截面为若干凹陷的弧线7构成的环状结构，弧线的弧度与混纺纤维丝的外径弧度相适配，主纤维丝的内径是混纺纤维丝内径的3倍。表层、弹性夹层和里层通过涤纶纤维线缝合至一起。
如图4所示，对本实施例高弹性复合织物进行接触角测试后的水滴接触界面状态图，从图中可以明显的看出，该面料具有超疏水性，具有一定的自清洁能力和抗沾湿性能。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的区别为：主纤维丝由棉纤维60g，麻纤维45g和蜘蛛丝10g组成，主纤维丝的内径是混纺纤维丝内径的5倍，其余结构与实施例1完全相同。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1的区别为：主纤维丝由棉纤维50g，麻纤维40g和蜘蛛丝8g组成，主纤维丝的内径是混纺纤维丝内径的4倍，其余结构与实施例1完全相同。
本发明的实施例安装时，拉伸一根主纤维丝，将若干根混纺纤维丝绞绕在主纤维丝上，形成改性棉麻纤维束，再将改性棉麻纤维束编织成表层，将棉丝线斜纹织造而成的里层、上述的弹性夹层和改性纤维束编织的表层通过涤纶纤维线缝合至一起，制成运动服用的高弹性复合织物。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (7)
1.一种高弹性复合织物，包括表层，弹性夹层和里层，其特征在于，所述表层由改性棉麻纤维束编织而成，所述弹性夹层由聚肽生物弹性体构成，所述里层由棉丝线斜纹织造而成，所述改性棉麻纤维束包括一根主纤维丝和若干根混纺纤维丝，所述混纺纤维丝缠绕在主纤维丝的外表面，所述混纺纤维丝的外表面包覆有纳米二氧化硅涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高弹性复合织物，其特征在于，所述混纺纤维丝由桑蚕丝与水凝胶复配制得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高弹性复合织物，其特征在于，所述主纤维丝的横截面为若干凹陷的弧线构成的环状结构，所述弧线的弧度与混纺纤维丝的外径弧度相适配，所述主纤维丝的内径是混纺纤维丝内径的3~5倍。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种高弹性复合织物，其特征在于，所述聚肽生物弹性体间隔分布，相邻聚肽生物弹性体之间的孔隙形成透气孔。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高弹性复合织物，其特征在于，所述聚肽生物弹性体的截面为两个以上底为对称轴的等腰梯形组合，所述透气孔的竖直截面为六边形。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高弹性复合织物，其特征在于，所述主纤维丝由以下重量份的组分组成：棉纤维45~60份，麻纤维30~45份和蜘蛛丝5~10份。
7.根据权利要求1或2或3或5或6所述的一种高弹性复合织物，其特征在于，所述纳米二氧化硅涂层的表面设有间隔分布的凸起与凹槽，所述凸起与凹槽为弧状结构。
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