CN108808090A - A kind of lithium battery electrolytes and lithium battery blocked certainly with high security - Google Patents
A kind of lithium battery electrolytes and lithium battery blocked certainly with high security Download PDFInfo
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- CN108808090A CN108808090A CN201810777432.1A CN201810777432A CN108808090A CN 108808090 A CN108808090 A CN 108808090A CN 201810777432 A CN201810777432 A CN 201810777432A CN 108808090 A CN108808090 A CN 108808090A
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- lithium battery
- high security
- battery
- lithium
- battery electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lithium battery electrolytes blocked certainly with high security, including lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, with the percentages of electrolyte quality, the additive includes 1-5% fluoroethylene carbonates, 1-3%1,3- propane sultones, 0.5-3% methane-disulfonic acids methylene ester, (trimethyl alkane) the boric acid enzymes of 0.5-3% tri- and 3-10% fluorobenzene, the organic solvent are carbonic acid lipid solvent.The present invention in electric discharge state state (0%SOC) and room temperature storage time for being more than 1 year or temperature>Battery under 55 DEG C of ambient storage electric discharge states, can generate self-destructive behaviour and lead to terminate reaction, and then can improve the safety of product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of with high security from the lithium battery electrolytes and lithium battery that block, belongs to lithium ion secondary
Battery technology field.
Background technology
In response to energy demand and the exploitation of electronic product, the safety of lithium rechargeable battery, development in recent years, just
Pay much attention to one of always all research staff and producer, the battery of 3C action products especially in recent years is fast-developing,
But it is often all happened at battery charging explosive combustion behavior, and these electronic products some problems are cell production companies itself
Administrative protection misbehaves and designs bad, and leading to consumer in use has the safety problem of this high risk.Also part thing
Gu Yuan as consumer to reasons such as the improper uses of product itself, and the problem production for causing similar battery product on fire from explosion
Raw, the invention mainly relates to the improvement of lithium battery formula, after not using battery for a long time for consumer, because inside battery generates
When making a variation, and then reusing, inside battery lithium may be caused to deposit, and then guide internal short-circuit of battery, generate high fever, and sent out
The case where failure of raw certain probability.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of lithium battery electrolytes that can improve battery security and
Lithium battery.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of lithium battery electrolytes blocked certainly with high security, including lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, with electricity
The percentages of liquid quality are solved, the additive includes 1-5% fluoroethylene carbonates, 1-3%1,3- propane sultones,
0.5-3% methane-disulfonic acids methylene ester, (trimethyl alkane) the boric acid enzymes of 0.5-3% tri- and 3-10% fluorobenzene, the organic solvent
For carbonic acid lipid solvent.
The additive is 2% fluoroethylene carbonate, 3%1,3- propane sultones, 1% methane-disulfonic acid methylene
Ester, 1% 3 (trimethyl alkane) boric acid enzyme and 10% fluorobenzene.
The lithium salt is 1M-1.3M.
The lithium salts is LiPF6。
The organic solvent be ethylene carbonate EC, propene carbonate PC, diethyl carbonate DEC, methyl ethyl carbonate EMC,
Dimethyl carbonate DMC or propyl propionate PP.
A kind of lithium battery, including anode, cathode, isolation film, electrolyte and conductive handle, using electrolysis described above
Liquid.
The advantageous effect that the present invention is reached:Using the electrolyte in the present invention, can become by a step activation process
Battery, manufactured battery performance performance is suitable with GENERAL TYPE battery, and has both at 60 DEG C of high temperature, and satisfying electricity situation aerogenesis can management and control
3% hereinafter, and it is of low cost the advantages that, only can electric discharge state state (0%SOC) and the room temperature storage time be more than 1 year or
Temperature>Under 55 DEG C of ambient storage electric discharge states, act of self-destruction is will produce, and then block the behavior of the charging of battery, the present invention
Product competitiveness can be further promoted, and increases the value of product.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment battery structure schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is discharge rate of the embodiment battery in 23 ± 3 DEG C of room temperatures by 500 circle cycles in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is discharge rate of the embodiment battery in 60 ± 3 DEG C of high temperature by 300 circle cycles in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is storage situation of the embodiment battery of different capacitances in the present invention after dismantling room temperature 60 days;
Fig. 5 is storage situation of the embodiment battery of different capacitances in the present invention after dismantling high temperature 60 days.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical solution, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
This case implements to use the battery of model AHB412434 as experimental cell, is ontology figure, size as shown in Figure 1
It is thickness 4.1mm to define the first/bis-, and it is width 24mm that size, which defines third/tetra-, and it is length that size, which defines the five/six,
34mm, and battery rated capacitance 380mAh,
Inside battery design includes mainly anode, cathode, isolation film, electrolyte and conduction handle this five class, positive electrode
Known positive being can be selected, such as:Lithium and cobalt oxides, iron lithium phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, ternary material etc., but not by
This scope limitation, wherein negative material are then known cathode being, such as:Natural graphite, artificial graphite, micro- carbon ball type stone
Ink, silicon-carbon etc., but not by this scope limitation;Diaphragm material is Micro-v oid material, such as:Polyethylene, polypropylene, compound high score
The microporous membranes such as son, Ceramic Composite macromolecule, fiber nonwoven fabric, but not by this scope limitation, electrolyte selects known lithium salts
Class, solvent select carbonic acid lipid solvent, and additive is as shown in table 1 below, and additive level is too low then ineffective, excessive such as table 1
Right side explanation.
Additive explanation in 1 electrolyte of table
Positive electrode selects LiCoO in the present embodiment2, it is what high voltage was often used that cathode, which uses graphite system class, electrolyte,
Main solvent EC/PC/EMC/PP, and salts are 1.3M LiPF6Manufactured battery, additive use 2% fluoro carbonic acid Asia second
Ester, 3%1,3- propane sultones, 1% methane-disulfonic acid methylene ester, 1% 3 (trimethyl alkane) boric acid enzyme and 10% fluorobenzene,
Manufactured experimental cell is as shown in Figures 2 and 3 in room temperature and high-temperature behavior performance, its 1C back and forth by 500 enclose by charge and discharge at room temperature
Cycle still possesses the level in good 88% or more service life;In the case where adding 60 DEG C of environment of tight high temperature, charge and discharge follows 1C by 300 circles back and forth
Ring has good 84% or more life level, and simultaneously by UL1642 safety tests, as shown in table 2, generally speaking has both
The performance of high security and thermal stability.
Table 2 is the security test result of embodiment battery
(reference substance is commercial electrolytic liquid, most-often used formula EC/PC/ for following table 3, table 4 respectively embodiment and reference substance
DEC/EMC+1%PS+1%FEC+1.0M LiPF6) it is blocked under (eight weeks), room temperature (25 DEG C) and high temperature (60 DEG C) when long-acting
The table of comparisons of performance.
Table 3 stores eight weeks comparison tables at room temperature
Table 4 stores eight weeks comparison tables at high temperature
Under 60 days 0~50%SOC conditions of storage of room temperature, reference substance and embodiment are the results show that loss of capacitance and return
Multiple result difference is little, quite good battery behavior is all presented, but 100%SOC stores behavior, using reference substance, because only adding
Add micro positive film-forming protecting agents, lead to loss of capacitance and reply, compared with embodiment, the difference of one times of loss of capacitance is presented
It is different.
And embodiment battery is under state (0%SOC) voltage that discharges, in 60 degree of 60 days 50~100%SOC of another condition high temperature
Under storage, tight test is added also to be presented quite good battery behavior, and reference substance then causes battery then under 100%SOC storages
Capacitance can not be replied, and the problem of aerogenesis also occurs for battery, in addition review the present embodiment battery in 0%SOC in high temperature 60 days
Under storage, nearly 0V is presented as a result, also causing battery after recharging in voltage, can not have reversible behavior completely, also illustrate the present invention
Formula plays effect really.
From result, 60 degree of high temperature 60 days can utilized under the state 0%SOC that does not use for a long time of phantom shoppers
As a result it observes, embodiment battery generates of the present invention destroy certainly and reacts, and battery can not charge and discharge.The present invention uses high temperature
It is illustrated as embodiment, to copy the simulation of law of thermodynamics temperature effect and time effect, can estimate consumer Ruo Chang
Effect does not use battery about 1-1.5 or more at room temperature, that is, will produce this and limit and destroy reaction.
The following table 5 is embodiment battery and the reference substance battery of different battery capacities in high temperature (65 DEG C) high humidity (95%RH) item
Store under part 7 days as a result, this experiment using verification method is accelerated, makes the chemical cross-linking reaction that inside battery generates accelerate to show
Show that voltage internal resistance thickness change is all in critical field, instead as a result, the embodiment of different battery capacities is when possessing portion capacity
0%SOC then present from destroy (reduction) behavior.
Table 5 is the embodiment and store results of the reference substance under different voltages state of different battery capacities
The additive that the present invention uses also synchronizes the reaction potential for considering cathodic reduction current potential and devising additive, profit
Interlinkage reaction is carried out with high temperature, since reaction progress is related to additive, the different adding proportions of control can allow in battery
The fluoro substituents in portion increase, this group has very strong electron-withdrawing ability, so being easy to happen reduction potential, therefore are easy to cause and are discharging
Under state voltage, generate compared with highly acidity, in addition temperature effect, LiPF6>60 DEG C decomposition lewis acids, cause SEI films considerable damage and it is micro-
Volume production gas, also causes negative terminal surface to be etched indirectly, final to remove, and then induces its self-destroying function.
The lithium battery prepared using electrolyte of the present invention, a period of time storage at high temperature, as shown in figure 5, only
It wants voltage less than electric discharge state 0%SOC (~3V), allows additive because under high-temperature storage, acidity increases, and destroys negative electrode material
Material, leads to structural phase transition, negative terminal surface is allowed to form irreversible barrier layer so that voltage drops to 0V, and internal electrode is also presented
Self-destruction aerogenesis effect is removed, also because there will be no combustion problems for stripping electrode in safety.
The additive combination that this case uses has from block function, to be also attributed to and select carbonate-based solvent and additive
It is reconciled, can have the function of that lithium ion multiplies load.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and deformations can also be made, these improvement and deformations
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of lithium battery electrolytes blocked certainly with high security, including lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, feature
It is that with the percentages of electrolyte quality, the additive includes 1-5% fluoroethylene carbonates, 1-3%1, in 3- propane sulfonic acids
Ester, 0.5-3% methane-disulfonic acids methylene ester, (trimethyl alkane) the boric acid enzymes of 0.5-3% tri- and 3-10% fluorobenzene, the organic solvent
For carbonic acid lipid solvent.
2. a kind of lithium battery electrolytes blocked certainly with high security according to claim 1, characterized in that described to add
It is 2% fluoroethylene carbonate, 3%1,3- propane sultones, 1% methane-disulfonic acid methylene ester, 1% 3 (trimethyl alkane) boron to add agent
Sour enzyme and 10% fluorobenzene.
3. a kind of lithium battery electrolytes blocked certainly with high security according to claim 1, characterized in that the lithium
Salinity is 1M-1.3M.
4. a kind of lithium battery electrolytes blocked certainly with high security according to claim 3, characterized in that the lithium
Salt is LiPF6。
5. a kind of lithium battery electrolytes blocked certainly with high security according to claim 1, characterized in that described to have
Solvent is ethylene carbonate EC, propene carbonate PC, diethyl carbonate DEC, methyl ethyl carbonate EMC, dimethyl carbonate DMC
Or propyl propionate PP.
6. a kind of lithium battery, including anode, cathode, isolation film, electrolyte and conductive handle, characterized in that use claim
1-5 any one of them electrolyte.
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CN201810777432.1A CN108808090B (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2018-07-16 | High-safety self-blocking lithium battery electrolyte and lithium battery |
TW107144520A TWI684299B (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-11 | Lithium battery electrolyte and lithium battery with high safety self-blocking |
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CN201810777432.1A CN108808090B (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2018-07-16 | High-safety self-blocking lithium battery electrolyte and lithium battery |
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CN108808090B CN108808090B (en) | 2020-07-14 |
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TWI684299B (en) | 2020-02-01 |
CN108808090B (en) | 2020-07-14 |
TW202006999A (en) | 2020-02-01 |
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