CN108808087B - Electrolyte containing lithium phosphoryl imide and battery using electrolyte - Google Patents
Electrolyte containing lithium phosphoryl imide and battery using electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN108808087B CN108808087B CN201810418428.6A CN201810418428A CN108808087B CN 108808087 B CN108808087 B CN 108808087B CN 201810418428 A CN201810418428 A CN 201810418428A CN 108808087 B CN108808087 B CN 108808087B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses an electrolyte containing lithium phosphoryl imide, which comprises a conductive lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive comprises lithium fluorophosphorylimide, and the general structural formula of the lithium fluorophosphorylimide is shown as formulas (I) and (II):
wherein: the formula (I) is difluorophosphoryl benzenesulfonimide lithium; the formula (II) is difluoro phosphoryl penta phosphonitrile imine lithium; r1、R2、R3、R4、R5＝H、CxHy、CN、F、CxFyHzX is 1-6, y is 1-15, and z is 1-15. In the electrolyte, due to the strong electron withdrawing effect and the electron shielding effect of the phosphoryl (sulfonyl) group, the anions have negative charge dispersion, good structure flexibility and weak coordination performance, so that the conductivity, dissociation constant and lithium ion migration number of the electrolyte are effectively improved; and the lithium phosphoryl imine with a weak coordination structure has good solubility in an organic solvent, and the defect of poor solubility of widely used lithium difluorophosphate is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium secondary batteries, in particular to an electrolyte containing lithium phosphorylimide and a lithium secondary battery using the electrolyte.
Background
The non-aqueous electrolyte is one of the key materials of energy storage devices such as a high-specific energy lithium ion battery, and the comprehensive performance, such as chemical and electrochemical stability, safety and the like, of the non-aqueous electrolyte directly influences the use of the lithium ion battery. Currently, commercial lithium ion battery electrolytes are mainly composed of organic carbonates such as Ethylene Carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), etc., electrolyte conductive salts (mainly LiPF6), functional additives such as Vinylene Carbonate (VC), 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), etc. The electrolyte solvent system mainly adjusts the formula proportion, and the novel additive and the lithium salt are the key and core technologies of the electrolyte material. The difluoro phosphoryl group compound is used as a novel additive, can effectively improve the structural components of a negative electrode interfacial film, and is beneficial to reducing the internal resistance of the battery and prolonging the service life of the battery. Lithium difluorophosphate is the most common compound of such additives, but the solubility of lithium difluorophosphate in carbonate electrolytes is very poor, especially in chain carbonates with relatively low polarity and donor number, the solubility of lithium difluorophosphate is generally less than 0.1%, and the maximum value limits its application. The lithium imide structure has stable chemical and electrochemical stability, and the solubility in a carbonate solvent is higher than 3M, so that the lithium imide phosphate contains phosphoryl and imine structures, integrates the advantages of the two groups of compounds, and has wide application prospect in electrochemical energy storage devices.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of the background art, the present invention aims to provide the use of lithium fluorophosphorylimide, namely, the application of lithium fluorophosphorylimide as an electrolyte in lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries.
In order to realize the technical scheme, the invention provides an electrolyte containing lithium phosphoryl imide, which comprises a conductive lithium salt, a nonaqueous organic solvent and an additive.
Preferably, the conductive lithium salt comprises LiBF4、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiSO3CF3、LiB(C2O4)2、LiBF2C2O4、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2F)2One or more of (a).
Preferably, the non-aqueous organic solvent is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and butyl propionate.
Preferably, the additive is one or more of vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfate, ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, succinonitrile, adiponitrile and 1, 2-cyanoethoxy ethane.
Specifically, the additive also comprises lithium fluorophosphamide, and the structural general formula of the lithium fluorophosphamide is shown as formulas (I) and (II):
Wherein:
the formula (I) is difluorophosphoryl benzenesulfonylimine lithium; the formula (II) is difluorophosphoryl penta phosphonitrile imine lithium;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5＝H、CxHy、CN、F、CxFyHz，x＝1-6，y＝1-15，z＝1-15；
a lithium secondary battery: the electrolyte comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and the electrolyte containing the lithium phosphoryl imide; the positive plate and the negative plate comprise active materials, conductive agents, current collectors and binding agents for combining the active materials and the conductive agents with the current collectors.
Preferably, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, and preferably, the positive electrode active material is a composite metal oxide of lithium, the metal oxide including nickelOxides of cobalt, manganese and any proportional combination thereof; more preferably, the positive electrode active material further comprises one or more of chemical elements including Mg, Al, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, Zr, Cr, Fe, Sr, and rare earth elements; the positive electrode active material further includes a polyanionic lithium compound LiMx(PO4)y(M is Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Ti, V, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5, and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5).
Preferably, the negative electrode sheet comprises a negative electrode active material capable of accepting or releasing lithium ions, and the negative electrode active material comprises lithium metal, lithium alloy, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, carbon fiber, hard carbon and soft carbon; wherein the crystalline carbon comprises natural graphite, graphitized coke, graphitized MCMB and graphitized mesophase pitch carbon fiber; the lithium alloy comprises an alloy of lithium and metals of aluminum, zinc, silicon, tin, gallium and antimony.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the innovation point of the invention is that in the prepared fluorophosphorylimide anions, the strong electron-withdrawing effect and the electron shielding effect of the phosphoryl (sulfonyl) group lead the anions to have the advantages of negative charge dispersion, good structure flexibility and weak coordination performance, thereby effectively improving the conductivity, dissociation constant and lithium ion transference number of the electrolyte.
(2) The lithium phosphoryl imine with a weak coordination structure has good solubility in an organic solvent, and overcomes the defect of poor solubility of widely used lithium difluorophosphate.
(2) And a phosphazene flame-retardant group is introduced into the imine lithium structure, so that the safety performance of the electrolyte can be effectively improved, and the cycle performance under high voltage is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of the electrolyte
In an argon atmosphere glove box (H)2O<1ppm) of organic solvent in the amount of EC (carbon) in mass ratioVinyl acetate): DMC (dimethyl carbonate): EMC (methyl ethyl carbonate) 40: 20 and LiPF6(1.0M) and 1% by weight of VC (vinylene carbonate), 0.5% of PS (propane sultone), 2% of FEC (fluoroethylene carbonate), 2% of SN (succinonitrile), 1% of lithium (difluorophosphoryl) (pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl) imide were added. The raw materials are added in sequence and fully and uniformly stirred to obtain the lithium secondary battery electrolyte (free acid) of the invention <15ppm, water content<10ppm)。
(2) Preparation of positive pole piece
Dissolving 3% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in a 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution, and dissolving 94% by mass of LiCoO2And 3% of conductive agent carbon black are added into the solution and uniformly mixed, and the mixed slurry is coated on two sides of the aluminum foil, dried and rolled to obtain the positive pole piece. Other cathode materials LiMn2O4、LiFePO4、LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2、LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.3Prepared by the same method.
(3) Preparation of negative pole piece
Dissolving 4% by mass of SBR binder and 1% by mass of CMC thickener in an aqueous solution, adding 95% by mass of graphite into the solution, uniformly mixing, coating the mixed slurry on two sides of a copper foil, drying and rolling to obtain the negative pole piece. Other negative electrode materials Li4Ti5O12Prepared in a similar way.
(4) Production of lithium ion battery
And (3) preparing the prepared positive pole piece, negative pole piece and isolating membrane into a square battery core in a winding mode, packaging by adopting a polymer, filling the prepared electrolyte, and preparing the lithium ion battery with the capacity of 1600mAh through the processes of formation and the like.
(5) Battery performance testing
Cycling test conditions: the battery was subjected to a charge-discharge cycle test at a rate of 1/1C charge-discharge, graphite/LiCoO 2An electrode system: 3.0-4.35V; li4Ti5O12/LiCoO2An electrode system: 1.0-2.6V; graphite/LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2An electrode system: 3.0-4.35V; li4Ti5O12/LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2An electrode system: 1.0-2.6V.
High temperature storage test conditions: firstly, the formed battery is charged and discharged once at the normal temperature by 1C, then the battery is fully charged by 1C and then stored at high temperature, and after the battery is completely cooled, the taken out battery is subjected to a discharge test by 1C.
Examples 2-19 the parameters and preparation methods were the same as in example 1 except for the following table parameters.
(6) Self-extinguishing time measurement
Cutting a certain weight of glass fiber balls, putting the glass fiber balls into electrolyte to absorb liquid, igniting and burning until flame is extinguished, measuring and calculating burning time, and calculating the burning time of the electrolyte in unit weight.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 2-19 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-11
From the results of examples 1 to 13, it can be seen that the battery using lithium phosphoramidite alone or lithium phosphoramidite and lithium hexafluorophosphate in combination is more excellent than the battery using LiPF in the case where the solvent and the additive components are the same6The battery has good cycle performance and storage performance and low internal resistance. From the results of examples 1-13 and comparative examples 1-11, it can be seen that lithium phosphoramidite and lithium difluorophosphate can both effectively reduce the internal resistance of the battery, and lithium phosphoramidite can also simultaneously improve the cycle performance and high temperature performance of the battery. From It can be seen from the results of examples 14 and 15 and comparative examples 8 and 9 that the chemical and electrochemical stability of the lithium salt has a more significant effect on the battery performance with less additives in the electrolyte formulation.
From the results of examples 5, 6 and 7 and comparative examples 1 and 8, it can be seen that lithium phosphoimide containing a phosphorus nitrile group is effective in reducing the self-extinguishing time of the electrolyte, and the higher the content is, the better the flame retardant property is.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolyte containing lithium phosphoryl imide, which comprises a conductive lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive,
the additive comprises lithium fluorophosphamide, and the structural general formula of the lithium fluorophosphamide is shown as a formula (II):
（II）
wherein:
the formula (II) is difluorophosphoryl penta phosphonitrile imine lithium.
2. The lithium-phosphorylimine-containing electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that: the conductive lithium salt comprises LiBF4、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiSO3CF3、LiB(C2O4)2、LiBF2C2O4、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2F)2One or more of (a).
3. The lithium-phosphorylimine-containing electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that: the non-aqueous organic solvent is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and butyl propionate.
4. The lithium-phosphorylimine-containing electrolyte according to claim 1, characterized in that: the additive also comprises one or more of vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone, ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfate, ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, succinonitrile, adiponitrile and 1, 2-cyanoethoxy ethane.
5. A lithium secondary battery: comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and the lithium phosphoramidite-containing electrolyte of any one of claims 1-4.
6. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: the positive plate and the negative plate comprise active materials, conductive agents, current collectors and binding agents for combining the active materials and the conductive agents with the current collectors.
7. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: the positive active material is a composite metal oxide of lithium, and the metal oxide comprises oxides of nickel, cobalt, manganese elements and any proportion combination thereof.
8. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: the positive electrode active material further includes one or more of chemical elements including Mg, Al, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, Zr, Cr, Fe, Sr, and rare earth elements.
9. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 8, characterized in thatCharacterized in that: the positive electrode active material further includes a polyanionic lithium compound LiMx(PO4)yM is Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Ti, V, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5, and y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5.
10. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: the negative electrode sheet comprises a negative electrode active material capable of receiving or releasing lithium ions, and the negative electrode active material comprises lithium metal, lithium alloy, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, carbon fiber, hard carbon and soft carbon; wherein the crystalline carbon comprises natural graphite, graphitized coke, graphitized MCMB and graphitized mesophase pitch carbon fiber; the lithium alloy comprises an alloy of lithium and metals of aluminum, zinc, silicon, tin, gallium and antimony.
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| KR102500815B1 (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2023-02-17 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
| CN110190332B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-02-11 | 东莞东阳光科研发有限公司 | Electrolyte for high-nickel ternary positive electrode material system battery and lithium ion battery |
| CN111710910B (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2021-06-29 | 香河昆仑化学制品有限公司 | Electrolyte containing bis-tetrafluorophosphoryl imide salt and lithium ion battery |
| CN111740166B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2023-03-24 | 香河昆仑新能源材料股份有限公司 | Electrolyte containing bis (trifluorophosphoalkyl) imide salt and lithium ion battery |
| CN112216868B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-08-09 | 香河昆仑新能源材料股份有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and non-aqueous electrolyte battery using same |
| CN112186250B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-09-06 | 香河昆仑新能源材料股份有限公司 | Electrolyte containing lithium bis (oxalato) phosphoryl imine and lithium ion battery using electrolyte |
| CN112290094B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-03-11 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | High-infiltration and high-safety electrolyte additive, electrolyte, preparation method and battery |
| CN114552010B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-12-09 | 珠海市赛纬电子材料股份有限公司 | Additive for lithium metal battery, electrolyte and lithium metal battery |
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