Graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a graphite cathode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lithium ion battery is regarded as the most ideal energy source in the 21 st century because of its advantages of high working voltage, high energy density, high charging and discharging efficiency, no memory effect, small self-discharge, greenness and no pollution.
The cathode material is one of the key materials of the lithium ion battery, and at present, the large-scale commercialization mainly comprises artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads and the like. The artificial graphite occupies a large market share due to the excellent cycle performance and high capacity, and is mainly applied to 3C products such as smart phones, super-polar products and the like. In recent years, artificial graphite is used for 3C products and also applied to power batteries more, and in order to improve standby time and endurance mileage, 3C product batteries and power batteries are developed to high energy density, which requires that artificial graphite cathode materials have higher specific discharge capacity and compaction density to realize the improvement of energy density of lithium ion battery systems.
Compared with natural graphite, the artificial graphite has relatively low graphitization degree, low crystallinity and low capacity; and the artificial graphite is easy to rebound after being compacted, and the compacted density is relatively low. Factors influencing the material capacity and compaction are mainly influenced by the selection of a matrix material, the graphitization degree, the particle size distribution, the morphology, the orientation, the OI value and the like. Aiming at influencing factors, the development of an artificial graphite cathode material with high graphitization degree, high capacity and high compaction is a problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a graphite cathode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a graphite cathode material for a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing: crushing and shaping a graphite precursor raw material to obtain graphite precursor fine powder with the average particle size of 5-13 mu m;
(2) mixing: putting the graphite precursor fine powder and a binder into a stirrer and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(3) and (3) granulation: placing the mixture in a hot coating reaction kettle, and granulating in an inert atmosphere to obtain granules;
(4) screening: placing the granular materials on a screen to be screened to obtain oversize materials 1 and undersize materials 1, scattering the oversize materials 1, and then placing the oversize materials on the screen to be screened to obtain oversize materials 2 and undersize materials 2;
(5) graphitization: graphitizing the screen material 1 to obtain a graphitized sample 1, and graphitizing the screen material 2 to obtain a graphitized sample 2;
(6) screening and demagnetizing: screening, demagnetizing and screening the graphitized sample 1 and the graphitized sample 2;
(7) blending: and blending the graphitized sample to obtain the graphite negative electrode material.
Preferably, in the step (1), the graphite precursor raw material is needle coke.
Preferably, in the step (1), the crushing mode is one of 80 crushing and roll milling; the shaping mode is one of 60-machine shaping and flow energy shaping.
Preferably, in the step (2), the graphite precursor fine powder and the binder are, by weight: 80-92% of graphite precursor fine powder and 8-20% of binder.
Preferably, in the step (2), the binder is one of high-temperature asphalt and medium-temperature asphalt, and the particle size of the binder is 2-6 μm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the reaction kettle is one of a vertical reaction kettle and a horizontal reaction kettle, and the inert atmosphere is nitrogen.
Preferably, in the step (4), the scattering treatment is one or two of VC mixing and VC fusing, and the mesh number of the screen is 100-500 meshes.
Preferably, in the step (7), the screened and demagnetized graphitized sample 1 and the screened and demagnetized graphitized sample 2 are mixed according to a ratio of 9: 1-6 by using a grading theory, so as to obtain the negative electrode material.
Preferably, in the step (7), the screened and demagnetized graphitized sample 1 and the primary graphitized particles are mixed according to a proportion of 9: 1-6 by using a grading theory to obtain a negative electrode material; the primary graphitized particles are products obtained by crushing, shaping and graphitizing needle coke or petroleum coke, and the average particle size of the primary graphitized particles is 8-14 mu m.
The invention also aims to provide a graphite negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) by utilizing the grading theory, the particle size distribution of the final product is adjusted by mixing secondary particles or primary particles with different particle sizes, so that the compaction density is improved, the expansion is reduced, and the cycle performance is improved.
2) After granulation, the particle size of the oversize material 1 obtained by primary screening is slightly reduced after scattering, then the oversize material 2 is obtained by screening, a graphitized sample 2 is formed after graphitization, and then the graphitized sample 2 is mixed into the graphitized sample 1 of the oversize material 1, so that on one hand, the yield of the granulation process can be improved, the cost is reduced, and on the other hand, the particle size distribution of the oversize material can be more reasonable through grading, and thus the compaction density of the material is also improved. The preparation process is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, and the industrialization is easy to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a graphite negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram of the graphite negative electrode material for the lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
First, it should be noted that the features and advantages of the graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries, the preparation method thereof, and the like according to the present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples, however, all the descriptions are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as forming any limitation to the present invention.
The graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention will be exemplified by the examples given below.
Example 1
The preparation method of the graphite cathode material for the lithium ion battery is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
crushing a graphite precursor raw material by using a roll mill, and shaping by using a 60-machine to obtain graphite precursor fine powder with the average particle size of 8 mu m; putting 90% of graphite precursor fine powder and 10% of binder into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; then placing the mixture in a hot-coating vertical reaction kettle, and granulating under the atmosphere of nitrogen to obtain the productTo a granular material; placing the granular materials on a screen to be screened to obtain oversize materials 1 and undersize materials 1, scattering the oversize materials 1, and then placing the oversize materials on the screen to be screened to obtain oversize materials 2 and undersize materials 2, wherein the mesh number of the screen is 200 meshes; graphitizing the screen material 1 to obtain a graphitized sample 1, and graphitizing the screen material 2 to obtain a graphitized sample 2; screening, demagnetizing and screening the graphitized sample 1 and the graphitized sample 2; and (3) blending the screened and demagnetized graphitized sample 1 and the screened and demagnetized graphitized sample 2 in a ratio of 9:2 by utilizing a grading theory to obtain the negative electrode material. The cathode material obtained in this example had a first week capacity of 350mAh/g and a compacted density of 1.68g/cm3。
The graphite precursor raw material is needle coke; the binder is high-temperature asphalt, and the particle size of the binder is 2-6 mu m.
In the step (4), the scattering treatment is one or two of VC mixing and VC fusion.
Example 2
The preparation method of the graphite cathode material for the lithium ion battery is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
crushing a graphite precursor raw material by using a roll mill, and shaping by using fluid energy to obtain graphite precursor fine powder with the average particle size of 12 mu m; putting 80% of graphite precursor fine powder and 20% of binder into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a hot-coating vertical reaction kettle, and granulating under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain granules; placing the granular materials on a screen to be screened to obtain oversize materials 1 and undersize materials 1, scattering the oversize materials 1, and then placing the oversize materials on the screen to be screened to obtain oversize materials 2 and undersize materials 2, wherein the mesh number of the screen is 400 meshes; graphitizing the screen material 1 to obtain a graphitized sample 1, and graphitizing the screen material 2 to obtain a graphitized sample 2; screening, demagnetizing and screening the graphitized sample 1 and the graphitized sample 2; and blending the screened and demagnetized graphitized sample 1 and the primary graphitized particles according to the proportion of 9:5 by utilizing a grading theory to obtain the cathode material. The first gram capacity of the negative electrode material obtained in the embodiment is 353.3mAh/g, and the compacted density is1.70g/cm3
The primary graphitized particles are products obtained by crushing, shaping and graphitizing needle coke or petroleum coke, and the average particle size of the primary graphitized particles is 10 mu m; the graphite precursor raw material is needle coke; the binder is high-temperature asphalt, and the particle size of the binder is 2-6 mu m.
In the step (4), the scattering treatment is one or two of VC mixing and VC fusion.
Example 3
The preparation method of the graphite cathode material for the lithium ion battery is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
crushing a graphite precursor raw material by using a roll mill, and shaping by using fluid energy to obtain graphite precursor fine powder with the average particle size of 12 mu m; putting 85% of graphite precursor fine powder and 15% of binder into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a hot-coating vertical reaction kettle, and granulating under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain granules; placing the granular materials on a screen to be screened to obtain oversize materials 1 and undersize materials 1, scattering the oversize materials 1, and then placing the oversize materials on the screen to be screened to obtain oversize materials 2 and undersize materials 2, wherein the mesh number of the screen is 500 meshes; graphitizing the screen material 1 to obtain a graphitized sample 1, and graphitizing the screen material 2 to obtain a graphitized sample 2; and blending the screened and demagnetized graphitized sample 1 and the primary graphitized particles according to the proportion of 9:5 by utilizing a grading theory to obtain the cathode material. The first gram capacity of the negative electrode material obtained in the embodiment is 351.6mAh/g, and the compacted density is 1.71g/cm3
The primary graphitized particles are obtained by crushing, shaping and graphitizing needle coke or petroleum coke, and the average particle size of the primary graphitized particles is 12 microns. The graphite precursor raw material is needle coke. The binder is medium-temperature asphalt, and the particle size of the binder is 2-6 mu m.
In the step (4), the scattering treatment is one or two of VC mixing and VC fusion.
At present, the first week gram capacity of a common lithium ion battery cathode material is 345.2mAh/g, the compaction density is 1.60g/cm3, and the first week gram capacity and the compaction density of the lithium ion battery prepared in the above embodiments 1 to 3 are obviously higher than those of the common lithium ion battery cathode material.