CN108807814A - Diaphragm for lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Diaphragm for lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108807814A
CN108807814A CN201810560465.0A CN201810560465A CN108807814A CN 108807814 A CN108807814 A CN 108807814A CN 201810560465 A CN201810560465 A CN 201810560465A CN 108807814 A CN108807814 A CN 108807814A
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lithium
lithium ion
coating
ion battery
slurry
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CN108807814B (en
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杜洪彦
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411Organic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, diaphragm include:Basement membrane and coating, basement membrane single side or two-sided upper be 1-6 μm coated with thickness and lead lithium coating, the material for leading lithium coating is by accounting for weight ratio 1-3% polymer at 40 DEG C -50 DEG C, 1-3% nano-lithium ion conductors, the slurry of 93-97% solvents and 0.5-1.5% pore creating materials composition, the slurry be uniformly mixed at a temperature of 40 DEG C to 50 DEG C and be coated in basement membrane single side or it is two-sided on, in the environment of humidity is 35-45%, temperature is to dry the slurry at 70-100 DEG C, so that the slurry is formed on basement membrane leads lithium coating, this leads the glass transition temperature of lithium coating at 300 DEG C or more, heat decomposition temperature reaches 550 DEG C or more, leading lithium coating has the function of lithium ion conduction and electronic isolation function, so that the high temperature resistance of lithium ion battery is improved.

Description

Diaphragm for lithium ion battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery, the lithium from Sub- battery security height, long lifespan.
Background technology
The explosion on fire of lithium ion battery and capacity attenuation always need the technical bottleneck broken through.Explosion on fire is common The reason is that caused by Li dendrite or foreign particles puncture diaphragm cause internal short-circuit.High schoolmate is in its patent《A kind of lithium-ion electric Pond pore-creating ceramics isolation film and preparation method thereof》(application number:CN201310391112.X in), proposition is coated in inorganic ceramic Anti-puncture ability is improved on basic diaphragm, to improve the safety of battery.But ceramic particle can be because bonding loosely takes off It falls, not only reduces safety protection function, but also reduce production efficiency, the particle to descend slowly and lightly also polluted production environment, affect people Member's health.In addition, inorganic ceramic functions only as mechanical iris action physically, it is helpless to lithium ion transport.
Capacity attenuation in lithium ion battery charge and discharge process, often caused by free state Li+It participates in being formed more and more Solid electrolyte interface layer (Solid Polymer Interface, SEI) and the conductive capability for reducing electrolyte.《Lithium battery Diaphragm coating, diaphragm and diaphragm preparation method》(application number:CN201710194090.6), propose to contain in membrane surface coating The slurry of lithium titanium compound, as supplement lithium source.But Li-Ti oxide has certain electron conduction, coating, which has, to be made At the hidden danger of battery plus-negative plate pole piece short circuit, from the principle this material with electron conduction be not suitable for using battery every On film.
《A kind of two-layer compound diaphragm cell and its mend lithium method》(application number:CN201710949412.3), propose to work as lithium Li during ion battery charge and discharge cycles+It, can metal in the battery is lithium to be mended by pre-setting when amount is reduced It fills.But this benefit lithium mode reduces battery energy density, and lithium metal is present in battery the safety for being easy to cause battery Hidden danger.
Invention content
The purpose of the present application is to solve the diaphragm of existing lithium ion battery to be easy to cause short circuit and lead to lithium ion The short disadvantage of battery life, and a kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery is provided, which enhances intensity, improves inside battery The ability of resistance to shorting and being folded without breaking, and lithium can be mended to extend the cycle life of battery.
In order to achieve the goal above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, lithium ion battery include:Anode pole piece, diaphragm and cathode pole Piece, between anode pole piece and cathode pole piece, diaphragm includes diaphragm:Basement membrane and coating, coating be coated in basement membrane single side or On person is two-sided, wherein:The coating is that thickness leads lithium coating for 1-6 μm, which is by 40 DEG C -50 DEG C Account for the slurry of weight ratio 1-3% polymer, 1-3% nano-lithium ions conductor, 93-97% solvents and 0.5-1.5% pore creating materials composition Material, the slurry be uniformly mixed at a temperature of 40 DEG C to 50 DEG C and be coated in basement membrane (2) single side or it is two-sided on, be in humidity In the environment of 35-45%, temperature be 70-100 DEG C at dry the slurry so that the slurry forms on basement membrane and leads lithium coating, Phenyl-diformyl between middle polymer is poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (poly-p-phenylene terephthamide) or is poly- One or two kinds of combination in m-phenylene diamine (MPD) (MPIA (poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide)), nanometer lithium from Sub- conductor is the graphene with lithium alkylide (Li-R) functional group, and solvent is hexamethyl phosphoramide, dimethylacetylamide, N- methyl One kind in pyrrolidones and tetramethylurea or arbitrary several combination;Pore creating material is diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and carbon One or more arbitrary combinations in sour methyl ethyl ester, this leads the glass transition temperature of lithium coating at 300 DEG C or more, heat decomposition temperature Reach 550 DEG C or more, leading lithium coating has the function of lithium ion conduction and electronic isolation function so that the high temperature resistant of lithium ion battery Performance is improved;
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein:The Li elements of the nano-lithium ion conductor contain 20- 100ppm;
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein:It is described that lead lithium coating poly- to benzene by accounting for weight ratio 2% Two formyl p-phenylenediamine (poly-p-phenylene terephthamide), 2% stone with lithium alkylide (Li-R) functional group The slurry of black alkene, 95% hexamethyl phosphoramide and 1% diethyl carbonate composition;
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein:The material for leading lithium coating is by accounting for weight ratio 3% Poly (MPIA (poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide)), 1.5% carry lithium alkylide (Li-R) graphene of functional group, the mixture of 94% dimethylacetylamide and N-Methyl pyrrolidone and 1.5% carbonic acid diformazan The slurry of ester composition;
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein:The material for leading lithium coating is by accounting for weight ratio 1.5% poly (MPIA (poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide)), 2.0% carry alkyl The graphene of lithium (Li-R) functional group, the mixture of 96% hexamethyl phosphoramide and N-Methyl pyrrolidone and 0.5% carbonic acid first The slurry of ethyl ester composition;
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein:The material for leading lithium coating is by accounting for weight ratio 2.0% poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (poly-p-phenylene terephthamide), 2.0% carry lithium alkylide (Li- R) graphene of functional group, the mixture of 95% tetramethylurea and N-Methyl pyrrolidone and 1.0% diethyl carbonate and carbon The slurry of the mixture composition of dimethyl phthalate;
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein:The solid content of the slurry is 2-7%;
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein:The basement membrane is polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), any one in polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Kind;
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein:By intaglio press by the slurry equably It is formed on two-sided or single side coated in basement membrane and leads lithium coating, which is 2-3 μm;
A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery of the present invention, wherein:The specific strength for leading lithium coating not less than 28 grams/ Denier.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Lithium ion conductor can be both adhered on basement membrane by the polymer used in the present invention as binder, can also be utilized Itself excellent intensity is as protective layer, isolation inside battery positive and negative anodes short circuit, to improve safety.
Nano-lithium ion conductive particles in the present invention, conducting lithium ions, non-conducting electronics are highly suitable for conduct The coating of lithium battery, has prevented the internal short-circuit of battery caused because of electronic conduction.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of lithium ion battery;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of another lithium ion battery.
In fig. 1 and 2, label 1 is anode pole piece;Label 2 is basement membrane;Label 3 is cathode pole piece;Label 4 is coating.
Specific implementation mode
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, lithium ion battery of the invention includes:Anode pole piece 1, diaphragm 2 and cathode pole piece 3, diaphragm Between anode pole piece 1 and cathode pole piece 3, diaphragm includes:Basement membrane 2 and coating 4, coating 4 be coated in basement membrane 2 single side or On two-sided, basement membrane 2 is polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) any one or in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).Coating 4 is that thickness leads lithium coating for 1-6 μm, its thickness is preferably 2- 3μm.The material for leading lithium coating 4 be by accounting for weight ratio 1-3% polymer at 40 DEG C -50 DEG C, 1-3% nano-lithium ions are led The solid content of the slurry of body, 93-97% solvents and 0.5-1.5% pore creating materials composition, slurry is 2-7%, and the slurry is at 40 DEG C At a temperature of to 50 DEG C be uniformly mixed and coated in basement membrane 2 single side or it is two-sided on, humidity be 35-45% in the environment of, temperature Degree is to dry the slurry at 70-100 DEG C so that the slurry forms on basement membrane 2 and leads lithium coating, this leads the specific strength of lithium coating not Less than 28 g deniers.Wherein polymer is poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (poly-p-phenylene terephthamide) Or it is one or two kinds of in poly MPIA (poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide) Combination, nano-lithium ion conductor are the graphenes with lithium alkylide Li-R functional groups, its Li constituent contents are 20-100ppm. Solvent is one kind or arbitrary several in hexamethyl phosphoramide, dimethylacetylamide, N-Methyl pyrrolidone and tetramethylurea Combination;Pore creating material is one or more arbitrary combinations in diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate, this leads lithium For coated glass temperature at 300 DEG C or more, heat decomposition temperature reaches 550 DEG C or more, and leading lithium coating has the function of lithium ion conduction With electronic isolation function so that the high temperature resistance of lithium ion battery is improved.
Embodiment 1
At 40 DEG C, 2% poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (poly-p-phenylene of weight ratio will be accounted for Terephthamide), 2% graphene with lithium alkylide Li-R functional groups and 1% diethyl carbonate are added to 95% hexamethyl In phosphinylidyne amine solvent, the Li constituent contents of the graphene with lithium alkylide Li-R functional groups are 50ppm.In the environment of isolation dust Under, above-mentioned slurry is uniformly mixed in double planetary mixer and obtains stable slurry, then, using intaglio press by above-mentioned slurry Be uniformly coated on basement membrane 2 it is two-sided on, dried in the case where relative ambient humidity is 35% and temperature is 70 DEG C so that the slurry exists It is formed on basement membrane 2 and leads lithium coating, which is 35 g deniers, its glass transition temperature is 350 DEG C, thermal decomposition temperature Degree reaches 580 DEG C, and the service life of formed lithium ion battery is 1.3 times of the existing lithium ion battery service life.
Embodiment 2
At 42 DEG C, 3% poly MPIA (poly-m- of weight ratio will be accounted for Phenyleneisophthalamide), 1.5% graphene with lithium alkylide Li-R functional groups and 1.5% dimethyl carbonate add Enter to 94% dimethylacetylamide and N-Methyl pyrrolidone admixture solvent in, carry lithium alkylide Li-R functional groups stone The Li constituent contents of black alkene are 80ppm.In the environment of dust is isolated, above-mentioned slurry is uniformly mixed in double planetary mixer To stable slurry, then, above-mentioned slurry is uniformly coated on the single side of basement membrane 2 using intaglio press, in versus environmental Humidity is 38% and temperature is to be dried at 80 DEG C so that the slurry forms on basement membrane 2 and leads lithium coating, and the ratio for leading lithium coating is strong Degree is 39 g deniers, its glass transition temperature is 340 DEG C, and heat decomposition temperature reaches 590 DEG C, and the service life of formed lithium ion battery is 1.6 times of existing lithium ion battery service life.
Embodiment 3
At 45 DEG C, 1.5% poly MPIA (poly-m- of weight ratio will be accounted for Phenyleneisophthalamide), 2.0% graphene with lithium alkylide Li-R functional groups and 0.5% methyl ethyl carbonate add Enter to 96% hexamethyl phosphoramide and the in the mixed solvent of N-Methyl pyrrolidone, carries the graphite of lithium alkylide Li-R functional groups The Li constituent contents of alkene are 60ppm.In the environment of dust is isolated, above-mentioned slurry is uniformly mixed in double planetary mixer and obtains Stable slurry, then, using intaglio press by above-mentioned slurry be uniformly coated on basement membrane 2 it is two-sided on, it is wet in versus environmental Degree is 35% and temperature is to be dried at 90 DEG C so that the slurry forms on basement membrane 2 and leads lithium coating, this leads the specific strength of lithium coating For 42 g deniers, its glass transition temperature is 375 DEG C, and heat decomposition temperature reaches 583 DEG C, and the service life of formed lithium ion battery is existing There are 1.8 times of lithium ion battery service life.
Embodiment 4
At 48 DEG C, 2.0% poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) poly-p-phenylene of weight ratio will be accounted for Terephthamide, 2.0% graphene with lithium alkylide Li-R functional groups and 1.0% diethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate Mixture be added to the in the mixed solvent of 95% tetramethylurea and N-Methyl pyrrolidone, with lithium alkylide Li-R functional groups The Li constituent contents of graphene are 40ppm.In the environment of dust is isolated, above-mentioned slurry is uniformly mixed in double planetary mixer Obtain stable slurry, then, using intaglio press by above-mentioned slurry be uniformly coated on basement membrane 2 it is two-sided on, in opposite ring Border humidity is 31% and temperature is to be dried at 85 DEG C so that the slurry forms on basement membrane 2 and leads lithium coating, this leads the ratio of lithium coating Intensity is 43 g deniers, its glass transition temperature is 355 DEG C, and heat decomposition temperature reaches 598 DEG C, the service life of formed lithium ion battery It is 2.0 times of the existing lithium ion battery service life.
Embodiment described above is only that the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described, not to the model of the present invention It encloses and is defined, under the premise of not departing from design spirit of the present invention, technical side of the those of ordinary skill in the art to the present invention The various modifications and improvement that case is made should all be fallen into the protection domain of claims of the present invention determination.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery include:Anode pole piece (1), diaphragm and cathode pole piece (3), Diaphragm is located between anode pole piece (1) and cathode pole piece (3), and diaphragm includes:Basement membrane (2) and coating (4), coating (4) are coated in The single side of basement membrane (2) or it is two-sided on, it is characterised in that:The coating (4) is that thickness leads lithium coating for 1-6 μm, this leads lithium painting The material of layer is by accounting for weight ratio 1-3% polymer, 1-3% nano-lithium ions conductor, 93-97% solvents at 40 DEG C -50 DEG C With the slurry of 0.5-1.5% pore creating materials composition, which is uniformly mixed at a temperature of 40 DEG C to 50 DEG C and is coated in basement membrane (2) Single side or it is two-sided on, in the environment of humidity is 35-45%, temperature the slurry is dried at being 70-100 DEG C so that the slurry It is formed on basement membrane (2) and leads lithium coating, wherein polymer is poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (poly-p-phenylene Terephthamide) or in poly (MPIA (poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide)) One or two kinds of combination;Nano-lithium ion conductor is the graphene with lithium alkylide (Li-R) functional group;Solvent is six One kind in methyl phosphamide, dimethylacetylamide, N-Methyl pyrrolidone and tetramethylurea or arbitrary several combination;Pore-creating Agent is one or more arbitrary combinations in diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate, this leads the glass of lithium coating For glass temperature at 300 DEG C or more, heat decomposition temperature reaches 550 DEG C or more, and leading lithium coating has the function of lithium ion conduction and electronics Insulation function so that the high temperature resistance of lithium ion battery is improved.
2. the diaphragm according to claim 1 for lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that:The nano-lithium ion conductor Li constituent contents are 20-100ppm.
3. the diaphragm according to claim 2 for lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that:The material for leading lithium coating by 2% poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) of weight ratio (poly-p-phenylene terephthamide), 2% are accounted for lithium alkylide (Li-R) slurry of the graphene of functional group, 95% hexamethyl phosphoramide and 1% diethyl carbonate composition.
4. the diaphragm according to claim 2 for lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that:The material for leading lithium coating by Account for 3% poly of weight ratio (MPIA (poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide)), 1.5% band There are the graphene of lithium alkylide (Li-R) functional group, the mixture and 1.5% of 94% dimethylacetylamide and N-Methyl pyrrolidone The slurry of dimethyl carbonate composition.
5. the diaphragm according to claim 2 for lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that:The material for leading lithium coating By account for 1.5% poly of weight ratio (MPIA (poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide)), 2.0% carries the mixture of the graphene of lithium alkylide (Li-R) functional group, 96% hexamethyl phosphoramide and N-Methyl pyrrolidone With the slurry of 0.5% methyl ethyl carbonate composition.
6. the diaphragm according to claim 2 for lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that:The material for leading lithium coating by 2.0% poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) of weight ratio (poly-p-phenylene terephthamide), 2.0% are accounted for alkane The graphene of base lithium (Li-R) functional group, the mixture of 95% tetramethylurea and N-Methyl pyrrolidone and 1.0% carbonic acid two The slurry of the mixture of ethyl ester and dimethyl carbonate composition.
7. the diaphragm for lithium ion battery according to claim 3 to 6 any claim, it is characterised in that:It is described The solid content of slurry is 2-7%.
8. the diaphragm according to claim 7 for lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that:The basement membrane (2) is polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) In any one.
9. the diaphragm according to claim 8 for lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that:It will be described by intaglio press Slurry, which is uniformly coated on to be formed on the two-sided or single side of basement membrane (2), leads lithium coating, and the thickness for leading lithium coating is 2-5 μm.
10. the diaphragm according to claim 9 for lithium ion battery, it is characterised in that:The ratio for leading lithium coating is strong Degree is not less than 28 g deniers.
CN201810560465.0A 2018-06-04 2018-06-04 Separator for lithium ion battery Active CN108807814B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109786623A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-21 深圳中兴新材技术股份有限公司 Improve the method and polymer coating diaphragm of polymer coating diaphragm ionic conductivity
CN110416476A (en) * 2019-07-15 2019-11-05 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of high conductance slurry and its preparation method and application, lithium battery diaphragm and lithium battery
CN113471412A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 北京卫蓝新能源科技有限公司 Composite conductive slurry, preparation method, positive pole piece and lithium ion battery
CN114927827A (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-19 山东海科创新研究院有限公司 Composite diaphragm for lithium-selenium battery, preparation method of composite diaphragm and lithium-selenium battery

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CN106848312A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-06-13 宁波中车新能源科技有限公司 A kind of modified porous Graphene, modified porous Graphene negative electricity pole piece and preparation method thereof

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109786623A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-21 深圳中兴新材技术股份有限公司 Improve the method and polymer coating diaphragm of polymer coating diaphragm ionic conductivity
CN110416476A (en) * 2019-07-15 2019-11-05 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of high conductance slurry and its preparation method and application, lithium battery diaphragm and lithium battery
CN113471412A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 北京卫蓝新能源科技有限公司 Composite conductive slurry, preparation method, positive pole piece and lithium ion battery
CN114927827A (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-19 山东海科创新研究院有限公司 Composite diaphragm for lithium-selenium battery, preparation method of composite diaphragm and lithium-selenium battery

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