CN108804842B - Aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering, which comprises the following steps: s1, determining the requirements of the required load-bearing capacity, rigidity, stability, processing cost and operation cost of the aerostatic bearing according to the working characteristics and functional requirements of the equipment; s2, selecting different aerostatic bearing design principles according to different equipment working conditions and application occasions; s3, estimating the performance of the aerostatic bearing; s4, accurately calculating the aerostatic bearing; s5, verifying the stability of the aerostatic bearing; s6, designing, processing and assembling the aerostatic bearing; and S7, testing the performance of the aerostatic bearing. The invention can realize the systematic customization design concept of the aerostatic bearing, obtain the accurate connection between the aerostatic bearing design and the engineering application, and further effectively ensure the overall performance of the equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of spacecraft physical simulation, and mainly relates to a aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering.
Background
The aerostatic bearing obtains approximate friction-free non-contact relative motion by virtue of a pressure air film formed between bearing kinematic pairs by compressed air, and can be used for simulating an extremely low interference torque environment of spacecrafts such as satellites and the like in an outer space. The physical simulation platform built by the aerostatic bearing can be used for performing test verification on the performance of an in-orbit system of spacecrafts such as satellites on the ground, and is important ground equipment in the development process of the spacecrafts.
Through the development of the aerostatic bearing for decades, a set of mature engineering analysis design method is gradually formed, and the aerostatic bearing is widely tested in practice. Patent CN201410583567.6 proposes an optimization design method of a high-stability low-disturbance-moment three-axis air bearing table. The method starts from the geometric parameters and the working parameters of the aerostatic bearing and develops the analysis work of the bearing capacity, the rigidity, the flow and the friction torque. Meanwhile, the fluctuation of the air supply pressure of the air floating table in actual work is considered, and the influence of the fluctuation of the air source is checked. The article "computer aided design of aerostatic bearings" refers to a method of computer aided design of aerostatic bearings. The method starts from the parameters of the aerostatic bearing, and carries out computer-aided calculation processing on the analysis of the static characteristics of the bearing, thereby improving the calculation efficiency. An engineering calculation method of the aerostatic bearing is provided in the thesis of 'engineering calculation method of disc gas foot', the analysis Reynolds equation of the aerostatic bearing is subjected to engineering simplification, and engineering application is facilitated. However, in the design process related to the above method, the aerostatic bearing is considered and designed as a single component, and the research on the static characteristics of the bearing capacity, the rigidity, the flow rate and the like is focused. In practical engineering application, the aerostatic bearing is a part in equipment and is a link in an equipment system. Therefore, from the perspective of system engineering, the requirements and constraints of the equipment system on the aerostatic bearing need to be met, so that the relevant analysis work of the aerostatic bearing is performed, and whether the bearing characteristics meet the index requirements or not is confirmed after the performance test, so that a systematic design process of the aerostatic bearing is formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design method of aerostatic bearing engineering based on system engineering, which starts from the requirement of an equipment system on aerostatic bearings, develops the design work of aerostatic bearing design, introduces the constraint of system structure, modal characteristic, stability, processing assembly and test on aerostatic bearings, finally meets the index requirement of equipment on aerostatic bearings through continuous iterative circulation, and forms a complete set of systematic aerostatic bearing design method. The method can realize the systematic customization design concept of the aerostatic bearing, obtain the accurate connection between the aerostatic bearing design and the engineering application, and further effectively ensure the overall performance of the equipment.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the requirements of the required load-bearing capacity, rigidity, stability, processing cost and operation cost of the aerostatic bearing according to the working characteristics and functional requirements of the equipment;
determining the bearing capacity required by the aerostatic bearing according to the motion load of the equipment system;
determining the rigidity index of the required aerostatic bearing according to the system rigidity index decomposition, the system bandwidth index and the error of the equipment;
determining the design space of the aerostatic bearing according to the overall layout of the equipment structure;
determining the working air supply pressure and the working air film thickness of the aerostatic bearing according to the maximum air supply pressure and the air quality requirement which can be provided by the equipment workplace;
determining possible processing means adopted by the aerostatic bearing according to the cost budget of the equipment;
s2, selecting different aerostatic bearing design principles according to different equipment working conditions and application occasions, wherein the design principles are as follows:
design maximum bearer ≈ required bearer capacity ≈ 1+ 50%);
the maximum rigidity is designed to be approximately equal to the required rigidity/90 percent;
no air hammer vibration exists in the working process;
the working point is positioned at the middle or large working gas film thickness;
wherein, at low-speed heavy load occasion, choose the biggest design principle that bears for use: in high-speed precise occasions, the maximum rigidity design principle is selected:
s3, estimating the performance of the aerostatic bearing;
providing a design constraint for the aerostatic bearing at the initial design stage through performance estimation of the aerostatic bearing, and then carrying out preliminary determination of the structural form of the bearing and prejudgment of the bearing capacity and the rigidity according to the space constraint and the gas supply pressure of the aerostatic bearing by the following formula:
carrying: w δ P S, where δ is the load factor, 0.3; p is the air supply pressure, and S is the bearing area;
rigidity: e is delta W/delta h, wherein delta W is the bearing capacity variation, and delta h is the air film thickness variation;
the bearing structure is as follows: determining the structural form of the aerostatic bearing according to space constraint and system layout;
if the estimated bearing capacity and the rigidity of the aerostatic bearing at the stage are respectively less than 60% of the required bearing capacity and the required rigidity, modifying the structural parameters and the working parameters of the bearing, and estimating again;
s4, accurately calculating the aerostatic bearing;
carrying out accurate analytical calculation and numerical calculation of the aerostatic bearing on the basis of rough estimation of the aerostatic bearing; the analytical calculation method of the gas hydrostatic bearing utilizes the linear gas source hypothesis to convert the two-dimensional flow of the gas in the gas film of the gas hydrostatic bearing into the one-dimensional flow, so that the Reynolds equation obtains a simple analytical solution; the numerical calculation method of the aerostatic bearing is characterized in that an N-S equation, a continuity equation and a gas state equation are combined to establish a gas lubrication theory, a finite element technology is adopted to disperse a calculation domain into finite elements, finite differences or finite volumes, a mathematical model of the aerostatic bearing is constructed, and the numerical calculation method of a computer is used for analyzing the aerostatic bearing to obtain the pressure distribution condition of the aerostatic bearing and the relation between the bearing capacity, rigidity and flow of the aerostatic bearing and the thickness of a gas film; checking whether the working point selection of the aerostatic bearing meets the requirements of the design principle or not on the basis, if not, modifying the structural parameters and/or the working parameters, and carrying out analysis and calculation again until the requirements are met;
s5, verifying the stability of the aerostatic bearing;
in the engineering design process of the aerostatic bearing, a pressure equalizing cavity of the aerostatic bearing needs to meet an empirical formula, namely for a plane thrust bearing, the ratio of the volume of the pressure equalizing cavity to the volume of an air film needs to be less than 10%, and for a journal bearing, the ratio of the volume of the pressure equalizing cavity to the volume of the air film needs to be less than 5%; if the empirical formula is not met, measures such as reducing the air supply pressure, reducing the throttling aperture, reducing the thickness of an air film, reducing the volume of a pressure equalizing cavity and the like can be adopted for inhibiting, but the measures can cause remarkable change of the static characteristic of the bearing, and when the static characteristic can not meet the requirement, the design parameters of the bearing need to be modified for reanalysis;
s6, designing, processing and assembling the aerostatic bearing;
after the theoretical analysis is completed and the system requirements and constraints are met, the structural design of the aerostatic bearing is carried out according to the structural parameters of the bearing determined by the theoretical analysis; in the structural design of the aerostatic bearing, the aerostatic bearing and the accessory connecting structure thereof need to be designed from a system angle, and the requirements of roughness, form and position tolerance and dimensional tolerance are provided; before processing and manufacturing, determining a bearing material according to the system quality and the working condition requirement; determining the surface type precision and analyzing the feasibility according to the bearing structure, accounting the cost, and compiling a processing technology; after the aerostatic bearing and the accessory connecting structure thereof are processed and manufactured, the aerostatic bearing is precisely assembled;
s7, testing the performance of the aerostatic bearing;
building a performance test platform of the aerostatic bearing, testing the bearing capacity, rigidity, flow and stability of the aerostatic bearing, and comparing the test result of the aerostatic bearing with a theoretical analysis result, a design requirement and a test result; and if the design requirements are not met, modifying the structural parameters and/or the working parameters of the aerostatic bearing, and carrying out accurate analysis and calculation again until the requirements are met, thereby completing systematic design work of the aerostatic bearing.
Preferably, in step S1, the maximum particle size of the air that can be provided by the equipment workplace is less than one third of the thickness of the aerostatic bearing working film.
Preferably, in step S6, the material of the aerostatic bearing may be selected from nitrided stainless steel, hard anodized aluminum alloy, alumina ceramic, granite, porous graphite, porous ceramic, bronze, and the like.
Preferably, in step S6, the manufacturing process of the aerostatic bearing is: blanking, heat treatment, rough machining, heat treatment, finish machining, heat treatment, surface hardening treatment (optional), ultra-precision machining and detection.
Preferably, in step S7, for the aerostatic bearing where the air hammer vibration occurs in the test stage, measures such as air discharge control and introduction of damping holes can be taken, and the air hammer vibration is accordingly suppressed while ensuring that its static characteristics are as unchanged as possible.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the design process of the aerostatic bearing is constructed from a system perspective. The method starts from a system, and provides the special aerostatic bearing suitable for the equipment through index decomposition, function and structure analysis of the system from the start of requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a design flowchart of a aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will aid those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering, including the following steps:
s1, requirements and constraints of the aerostatic bearing are provided; determining the requirements of the required load-bearing capacity, rigidity, stability, processing cost and operation cost of the aerostatic bearing according to the working characteristics and functional requirements of equipment; determining the bearing capacity required by the aerostatic bearing according to the motion load of the equipment system; determining the rigidity index of the required aerostatic bearing according to the system rigidity index decomposition, the system bandwidth index and the error of the equipment; determining the design space of the aerostatic bearing according to the overall layout of the equipment structure; determining the working air supply pressure and the working air film thickness of the aerostatic bearing according to the maximum air supply pressure and the air quality requirement which can be provided by the equipment workplace; determining possible processing means adopted by the aerostatic bearing according to the cost budget of the equipment;
s2, selecting a design principle of a gas hydrostatic bearing; selecting different aerostatic bearing design principles according to different equipment working conditions and application occasions; in low-speed heavy-load occasions, selecting a maximum bearing design principle; in high-speed precise occasions, a maximum rigidity design principle is selected; in the case of significant cost and reliability concerns, the engineering design principles are selected, namely:
design maximum bearer ≈ required bearer capacity ≈ 1+ 50%);
the maximum rigidity is designed to be approximately equal to the required rigidity/90 percent;
no air hammer vibration exists in the working process;
the working point is positioned at the middle or large working gas film thickness;
s3, estimating the performance of the aerostatic bearing; providing a design constraint for the aerostatic bearing at the initial design stage through performance estimation of the aerostatic bearing, and carrying out subsequent accurate analysis and calculation work under the constraint; according to the space constraint, the air supply pressure and the like of the aerostatic bearing, the bearing structure form is preliminarily determined, and the bearing capacity and the rigidity are prejudged, namely:
carrying: w δ P S, where δ is the load factor, 0.3; p is the air supply pressure, and S is the bearing area;
rigidity: e is delta W/delta h, wherein delta W is the bearing capacity variation, and delta h is the air film thickness variation;
the bearing structure is as follows: determining the structural form of the aerostatic bearing according to space constraint and system layout;
if the estimated bearing capacity and the rigidity of the aerostatic bearing at the stage are respectively less than 60% of the required bearing capacity and rigidity, structural parameters and working parameters of the bearing need to be modified, and estimation is carried out again;
s4, accurately calculating the aerostatic bearing; carrying out accurate analytical calculation and numerical calculation of the aerostatic bearing on the basis of rough estimation of the aerostatic bearing; the analytical calculation method of the gas hydrostatic bearing utilizes the linear gas source hypothesis to convert the two-dimensional flow of the gas in the gas film of the gas hydrostatic bearing into the one-dimensional flow, so that the Reynolds equation obtains a simple analytical solution; the numerical calculation method of the aerostatic bearing is characterized in that an N-S equation, a continuity equation and a gas state equation are combined to establish a gas lubrication theory, a finite element technology is adopted to disperse a calculation domain into finite elements, finite differences or finite volumes, a mathematical model of the aerostatic bearing is constructed, and the mathematical model is analyzed by means of the numerical calculation method of a computer to obtain the pressure distribution condition of the aerostatic bearing and the relation between the bearing capacity, rigidity and flow of the aerostatic bearing and the gas film thickness; checking whether the working point selection of the aerostatic bearing meets the requirements of the design principle or not on the basis, if not, modifying the structural parameters and/or the working parameters, and carrying out analysis and calculation again until the requirements are met;
s5, verifying the stability of the aerostatic bearing; the air hammer vibration of the aerostatic bearing is a systematic problem and is related to the overall structural form and the connection mode of equipment and the rigidity and damping characteristics of the bearing; in the engineering design process of the aerostatic bearing, a pressure equalizing cavity of the aerostatic bearing needs to meet an empirical formula, namely for a plane thrust bearing, the ratio of the volume of the pressure equalizing cavity to the volume of an air film needs to be less than 10%, and for a journal bearing, the ratio of the volume of the pressure equalizing cavity to the volume of the air film needs to be less than 5%; if the empirical formula is not met, measures such as reducing the air supply pressure, reducing the throttling aperture, reducing the thickness of an air film, reducing the volume of a pressure equalizing cavity and the like can be adopted for inhibiting, but the measures can cause remarkable change of the static characteristic of the bearing, and when the static characteristic can not meet the requirement, the design parameter of the bearing needs to be modified for reanalysis;
s6, designing, processing and assembling the aerostatic bearing; after the theoretical analysis is completed and the system requirements and constraints are met, carrying out structural design on the aerostatic bearing according to the bearing structural parameters determined by the theoretical analysis; in the structural design of the aerostatic bearing, the aerostatic bearing and the accessory connecting structure thereof need to be designed from a system angle, and the requirements of roughness, form and position tolerance and dimensional tolerance are provided; before processing and manufacturing, determining a bearing material according to the system quality and the working condition requirement; determining the surface type precision and analyzing the feasibility according to the bearing structure, accounting the cost, and compiling a processing technology; after the aerostatic bearing and the auxiliary connecting structure thereof are processed and manufactured, the aerostatic bearing is precisely assembled;
s7, testing the performance of the aerostatic bearing; building a performance test platform of the aerostatic bearing, testing the bearing capacity, rigidity, flow and stability of the aerostatic bearing, and comparing the test result of the aerostatic bearing with a theoretical analysis result, a design requirement and a test result; if the design requirements are not met, the structural parameters and/or the working parameters of the aerostatic bearing need to be modified, accurate analysis and calculation are carried out again until the requirements are met, and accordingly systematic design work of the aerostatic bearing is completed.
At S1, the quality of the air available at the facility' S site affects the selection of the aerostatic bearing working film thickness, and the maximum particle size of the air should be less than one third of the aerostatic bearing working film thickness. In S6, the aerostatic bearing may be selected from nitrided stainless steel, hard anodized aluminum alloy, alumina ceramic, granite, porous graphite, porous ceramic, bronze, and the like. In S6, the manufacturing process of the aerostatic bearing is: blanking, heat treatment, rough machining, heat treatment, finish machining, heat treatment, surface hardening treatment (optional), ultra-precision machining and detection. In S7, for the aerostatic bearing in which the air hammer vibration occurs in the test stage, measures such as exhaust control and introduction of a damping hole may be taken, and the air hammer vibration is suppressed accordingly while ensuring that its static characteristics are as unchanged as possible.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the requirements of the required load-bearing capacity, rigidity, stability, processing cost and operation cost of the aerostatic bearing according to the working characteristics and functional requirements of the equipment;
the operating characteristics and functional requirements include: the method comprises the following steps of (1) decomposing a motion load of an equipment system, a system stiffness index of the equipment, and a system bandwidth index and an error;
determining the bearing capacity required by the aerostatic bearing according to the motion load of the equipment system;
determining the rigidity index of the required aerostatic bearing according to the system rigidity index decomposition, the system bandwidth index and the error of the equipment;
determining the design space of the aerostatic bearing according to the overall layout of the equipment structure;
determining the working air supply pressure and the working air film thickness of the aerostatic bearing according to the maximum air supply pressure and the air quality requirement which can be provided by the equipment workplace;
determining possible processing means adopted by the aerostatic bearing according to the cost budget of the equipment;
s2, selecting different aerostatic bearing design principles according to different equipment working conditions and application occasions, wherein the design principles are as follows:
design maximum bearer ≈ required bearer capacity ≈ 1+ 50%);
the maximum rigidity is designed to be approximately equal to the required rigidity/90 percent;
no air hammer vibration exists in the working process;
the working point is positioned at the middle or large working gas film thickness;
wherein, at low-speed heavy load occasion, choose the biggest design principle that bears for use: in high-speed precise occasions, the maximum rigidity design principle is selected:
s3, estimating the performance of the aerostatic bearing;
providing a design constraint for the aerostatic bearing at the initial design stage through performance estimation of the aerostatic bearing, and then carrying out preliminary determination of the structural form of the bearing and prejudgment of the bearing capacity and the rigidity according to the space constraint and the gas supply pressure of the aerostatic bearing by the following formula:
carrying: w δ P S, where δ is the load factor, 0.3; p is the air supply pressure, and S is the bearing area;
rigidity: e is delta W/delta h, wherein delta W is the bearing capacity variation, and delta h is the air film thickness variation;
the bearing structure is as follows: determining the structural form of the aerostatic bearing according to space constraint and system layout;
if the estimated bearing capacity and the rigidity of the aerostatic bearing at the stage are respectively less than 60% of the required bearing capacity and rigidity, modifying the structural parameters and the working parameters of the bearing, and estimating again;
s4, accurately calculating the aerostatic bearing;
carrying out accurate analytical calculation and numerical calculation of the aerostatic bearing on the basis of rough estimation of the aerostatic bearing; the analytical calculation method of the aerostatic bearing utilizes the linear gas source hypothesis to convert the two-dimensional flow of the gas in the gas film of the aerostatic bearing into one-dimensional flow, so that the Reynolds equation obtains a simple analytical solution; the numerical calculation method of the aerostatic bearing is characterized in that an N-S equation, a continuity equation and a gas state equation are combined to establish a gas lubrication theory, a finite element technology is adopted to disperse a calculation domain into finite elements, finite differences or finite volumes, a mathematical model of the aerostatic bearing is constructed, and the numerical calculation method of a computer is used for analyzing the aerostatic bearing to obtain the pressure distribution condition of the aerostatic bearing and the relation between the bearing capacity, rigidity and flow of the aerostatic bearing and the thickness of a gas film; checking whether the working point selection of the aerostatic bearing meets the requirements of the design principle or not on the basis, if not, modifying the structural parameters and/or the working parameters, and carrying out analysis and calculation again until the requirements are met;
s5, verifying the stability of the aerostatic bearing;
in the engineering design process of the aerostatic bearing, a pressure equalizing cavity of the aerostatic bearing needs to meet an empirical formula, namely for a plane thrust bearing, the ratio of the volume of the pressure equalizing cavity to the volume of an air film needs to be less than 10%, and for a journal bearing, the ratio of the volume of the pressure equalizing cavity to the volume of the air film needs to be less than 5%; if the empirical formula is not met, the measures of reducing the air supply pressure, the throttling aperture, the air film thickness and the pressure equalizing cavity volume are adopted for inhibition, and when the static characteristic of the bearing can not meet the requirement, the design parameters of the bearing are required to be modified for reanalysis;
s6, designing, processing and assembling the aerostatic bearing;
after theoretical analysis in steps S3 to S5, and the system requirement in step S1 and the constraint in step S2 are satisfied, structural design of the aerostatic bearing is carried out according to the bearing structural parameters determined by the theoretical analysis; in the structural design of the aerostatic bearing, the aerostatic bearing and an auxiliary connecting structure thereof need to be designed from a system angle, and the requirements of roughness, form and position tolerance and dimensional tolerance are provided; before processing and manufacturing, determining a bearing material according to the system quality and the working condition requirement; determining the surface type precision and analyzing the feasibility according to the bearing structure, accounting the cost, and compiling a processing technology; after the aerostatic bearing and the auxiliary connecting structure thereof are processed and manufactured, the aerostatic bearing is precisely assembled;
s7, testing the performance of the aerostatic bearing;
building a performance test platform of the aerostatic bearing, testing the bearing capacity, rigidity, flow and stability of the aerostatic bearing, and comparing the test result of the aerostatic bearing with a theoretical analysis result, a design requirement and a test result; and if the design requirements are not met, modifying the structural parameters and/or the working parameters of the aerostatic bearing, and carrying out accurate analysis and calculation again until the requirements are met, thereby completing systematic design work of the aerostatic bearing.
2. The aerostatic bearing engineering design method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the maximum particle size of the air available at the plant site is less than one third of the working film thickness of the aerostatic bearing.
3. The aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the aerostatic bearing is made of nitrided stainless steel, hard anodized aluminum alloy, alumina ceramic, granite, porous graphite, porous ceramic, or bronze material.
4. The aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the aerostatic bearing manufacturing process is: blanking, heat treatment, rough machining, heat treatment, finish machining, heat treatment, ultra-precision machining and detection;
or: blanking, heat treatment, rough machining, heat treatment, finish machining, heat treatment, surface hardening treatment, ultra-precision machining and detection.
5. The aerostatic bearing engineering design method based on system engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S7, for the aerostatic bearing where air hammer vibration occurs during the test stage, measures for exhausting control and introducing damping holes are taken, and the air hammer vibration is correspondingly suppressed under the condition of ensuring that its static characteristics are as unchanged as possible.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101673318A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2010-03-17 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method for designing optimal static parameter of radial static pressure gas bearing of turbine expansion engine |
| CN105095583A (en) * | 2015-07-26 | 2015-11-25 | 北京工业大学 | Modal analysis method of static pressure main spindle at micro scale |
| CN106644475A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-05-10 | 河南科技大学 | Static and dynamic characteristics and stability test method for micro gas bearing |
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| TWI546464B (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2016-08-21 | 財團法人金屬工業研究發展中心 | Manufacture of porous aerostatic bearing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101673318A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2010-03-17 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method for designing optimal static parameter of radial static pressure gas bearing of turbine expansion engine |
| CN105095583A (en) * | 2015-07-26 | 2015-11-25 | 北京工业大学 | Modal analysis method of static pressure main spindle at micro scale |
| CN106644475A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-05-10 | 河南科技大学 | Static and dynamic characteristics and stability test method for micro gas bearing |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 具有可变均压槽的气体静压推力轴承性能研究;张君安 等;《摩擦学学报》;20090731;第29卷(第4期);全文 * |
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