CN108804725A - A kind of computational methods of welding anti-distortion amount - Google Patents
A kind of computational methods of welding anti-distortion amount Download PDFInfo
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- CN108804725A CN108804725A CN201710291189.8A CN201710291189A CN108804725A CN 108804725 A CN108804725 A CN 108804725A CN 201710291189 A CN201710291189 A CN 201710291189A CN 108804725 A CN108804725 A CN 108804725A
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of welding angle anti-deformation computational methods, the temperature field of workpiece to be welded and the two-dimensional geometry model of deformation field are established according to reversed deformation amount and welding operating mode, based on two-dimensional geometry model, the physical property of workpiece to be welded, mechanical property, welding heat source etc. establishes the equation of heat conduction, thermo-elasto-plasticity governing equation, based on non linear finite element analysis software solve the above-mentioned solid-state equation of heat conduction and thermo-elasto-plasticity equation in the hope of in welding process temperature field and Welding Angular Deformation amount, last basis presets anti-deformation, Welding Angular Deformation amount and deflection desired value determine the welding anti-distortion amount of workpiece to be welded.The computational methods of the welding angle anti-deformation of the present invention, compared to it is traditional by threedimensional model analyzed in the way of, the calculation amount that system can be reduced ensures the accuracy of result of calculation while the welding anti-distortion amount for obtaining workpiece to be welded efficiently at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the computational methods of welding technology field more particularly to a kind of anti-deformation to Welding Angular Deformation.
Background technology
Welding process is actually the heating of weldment regional area and the thermal process of cooled and solidified.Therefore, in the welding process,
Since the regional area of only butt-welding fitting is heated and cooled down, leading to weldment, temperature distribution is non-uniform, so as to cause weldment
Differential expansion and contraction, make to generate welding stress and cause welding deformation inside weldment.
Common welding deformation has longitudinal contraction deformation, cross-direction shrinkage deformation, angular deformation, flexural deformation, torsional deformation, wave
Wave deformation.The residual stress and residual deformation generated due to welding drastically influences welded quality, assembly precision and knot
Structure bearing capacity, it is necessary to be controlled using suitable method.Prestrain method is the common method for controlling welding deformation, is mainly used for
Control angular deformation and flexural deformation.Prestrain method is being welded by the way that there may be the direction of deformation and sizes after analysis weldment welding
Make welded part that the deformation that size is identical, direction is opposite occur before connecing, it is anti-to reach to counteract or compensate for the deformation of postwelding generation
The only purpose of post welding distortion.The most important parameter of prestrain method is the determination of anti-deformation, as patent CN104259674A " reduces
" a kind of flange plate welding angle becomes by the anti-deformation device before welding and method of T connector Welding Angular Deformation " and patent CN104438462A
Described in the reversible deformation method for prefabricating of shape ", traditional method is by testing trial and error repeatedly, until obtaining reversible deformation appropriate
Amount.This method is although feasible, but experimentation cost is big, and efficiency is low, once changing, anti-deformation must be again for material and technique
It determines.
In the prior art, also there is the method optimized to welding deformation using numerical simulation technology.But current welding
The finite element model of angular deformation is all threedimensional model, and while modeling does not consider reversed deformation, directly using flatbed manner into
Row modeling.Due to the complexity of welding Thermal elastic-plastic analysis, cause threedimensional model calculation amount very big, takes very much, it cannot be fine
Ground reduces time and the cost of experiment.Therefore, it to play the advantage of numerical simulation, from the essence of Welding Angular Deformation, proposes
A kind of two-dimensional welding anti-distortion amount quick calculation method.
The problem of predicting the method for welding anti-distortion amount well for no one of prior art, it is desirable to provide a kind of
Can save time and cost, being capable of the quick method predicted of the reversed deflection of butt welding.
Invention content
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of computational methods of welding anti-distortion amount, it is based on weld seam cross-direction shrinkage
Uneven distribution in plate thickness direction is the essence of Welding Angular Deformation, is modeled using Two-Dimensional Heat elasto-plastic finite element method, can be fast
Speed, the anti-deformation for accurately obtaining Welding Angular Deformation.
To achieve the above object, the computational methods of a kind of welding anti-distortion amount of the invention, include the following steps：
S1, basis preset anti-deformation and welding operating mode, establish the temperature field of workpiece to be welded and the two-dimensional geometry of deformation field
Model；
S2, according to the load mode of welding heat source, the physical property of the load time of welding heat source and workpiece to be welded, establish
The equation of heat conduction determines temperature field when two-dimensional geometry model loads welding heat source；
S3, displacement constraint is arranged to two-dimensional geometry model, according to temperature field, displacement constraint and workpiece to be welded
Mechanical property determines the Welding Angular Deformation after the default anti-deformation of two-dimensional geometry model load by thermo-elasto-plasticity governing equation
Amount；
S4, setting workpiece loading to be welded preset the deflection desired value after anti-deformation, according to default anti-deformation, welding
Angular deformation amount and deflection desired value determine the welding anti-distortion amount of workpiece to be welded.
Further, further include, to two-dimensional geometry model partition grid, workpiece to be welded being calculated using each grid as node
Welding anti-distortion amount.
Further, grid is non-uniform grid, and the density of non-uniform grid is reduced from the weld seam of workpiece to be welded to surrounding.
Further, the load mode of welding heat source includes：Setting welding heat source is fixed temperature heat source, by fixed temperature
Heat source is loaded on successively on the weld seam of workpiece to be welded.
Further, the load time of welding heat source is according to the weld width of workpiece to be welded and the speed welded to it
It determines.
Further, further include, according to welding heat source load in the time of each weld seam of workpiece to be welded, being calculated using transient state
Method solves the equation of heat conduction.
Further, the displacement freedom of x, y both direction of the weld seam of displacement constraint constraint two-dimensional geometry model.
Further, when the absolute value of Welding Angular Deformation amount is less than deflection desired value, determine that default anti-deformation is to wait for
The welding anti-distortion amount of welder's part.
Further, when the absolute value of Welding Angular Deformation amount is more than or equal to deflection desired value, by default reversible deformation
The difference of amount and Welding Angular Deformation amount completes step S1-S5 again as new default anti-deformation.
The computational methods of the welding anti-distortion amount of the present invention, according to reversed deformation amount in computer aided design software
The temperature field of workpiece to be welded and the two-dimensional geometry model of deformation field are established with welding operating mode, based on two-dimensional geometry model, waits for welder
Physical property, mechanical property, welding heat source of part etc. establish the equation of heat conduction, thermo-elasto-plasticity governing equation, are had based on non-linear
Finite element analysis software solve the above-mentioned solid-state equation of heat conduction and thermo-elasto-plasticity equation in the hope of in welding process temperature field and weldering
Angular deformation amount is connect, the last welding that workpiece to be welded is determined according to default anti-deformation, Welding Angular Deformation amount and deflection desired value
Anti-deformation.Since the present invention is based on the essence of Welding Angular Deformation, in conjunction with heat source and physical parameter, and two-dimentional thermo-elasto-plasticity is utilized
FInite Element model, compared to it is traditional by threedimensional model analyzed in the way of, the calculation amount of system can be reduced, in height
While imitating, obtain the welding anti-distortion amount of workpiece to be welded at low cost, ensure the accuracy of result of calculation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the computational methods of the welding anti-distortion amount of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In the following, in conjunction with attached drawing, structure and operation principle to the present invention etc. are further described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of computational methods of welding anti-distortion amount of the present invention, include the following steps：
The default anti-deformation of the Welding Angular Deformation of S1, setting workpiece to be welded, the basis in computer aided design software
Default anti-deformation and welding operating mode, establish the temperature field of workpiece to be welded and the two-dimensional geometry model of deformation field.Wherein, Welder
Condition may include the groove type of workpiece to be welded, width, thickness and multi-pass welding characteristic parameter, the spy of multi-pass welding
Sign parameter may include welding passage.The considerations of by features described above parameter, can fully ensure that Geometric Modeling is welded with practical
It is identical to connect operating mode.Wherein, two-dimensional finite element model is established to consider anti-deformation as main feature, specifically, by two edges of boards portions
Level be wired to the vertical range of Weld pipe mill and be defined as anti-deformation.
Since the basic reason of the generation of Welding Angular Deformation is the uneven distribution by weld seam cross-direction shrinkage in plate thickness direction
Caused by, therefore, the modeling requirement of Welding Angular Deformation can be met by establishing two-dimensional finite element model not only, relative to traditional three
Tie up finite element model method, moreover it is possible to computational efficiency is improved, it is cost-effective.
In the embodiment of the present invention, computer aided design software can be ABAQUS finite element softwares.
It, can also be to two-dimensional geometry model partition grid, and using each grid as node in another embodiment of the present invention
Calculate the welding anti-distortion amount of workpiece to be welded.Wherein, grid is non-uniform grid, and the density of non-uniform grid is by workpiece to be welded
Weld seam reduces to surrounding, to ensure enough computational accuracies.Specifically, weld seam and weld seam nearby use refined net, and grid is most
Small size can be 0.2mm, use transitional trellis far from weld seam, and the size of grid gradually increases.
S2, the load mode that welding heat source is set and load time, for the two-dimensional geometry model that S1 is established, according to welding
The load mode of heat source, the physical property of the load time of welding heat source and workpiece to be welded establish the equation of heat conduction, determine two dimension
Geometrical model loads temperature field when welding heat source.
Specifically, the solid-state equation of heat conduction for considering welding heat source can be established：
Wherein, ρ is density, and C is specific heat, and T is temperature, and t is the time, and k is thermal conductivity, and x, y are coordinate value, and Q is sweating heat
Source.
In embodiments of the present invention, the load mode of welding heat source includes：Setting welding heat source is fixed temperature heat source, will
Fixed temperature heat source is loaded on successively on the weld seam of workpiece to be welded, and the temperature of heat source could be provided as the fusing point of workpiece to be welded.
In embodiments of the present invention, the load time of welding heat source can be determined by actual welding technique, specifically, welding
The load time of heat source determines according to the weld width of workpiece to be welded and the speed welded to it.One according to the present invention
Embodiment, it is d, speed v, the load time of welding heat source that weld width, which can be arranged,Wherein, N is integer, can be with
It is arranged as required to the value.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, since temperature loading loads the time interval and per pass weld seam reality in per pass weld seam
The weld interval on border is identical, can also be loaded in the time of each weld seam of workpiece to be welded according to welding heat source, be calculated using transient state
Temperature field when method solves the equation of heat conduction and determines two-dimensional geometry model load welding heat source.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the physical property of workpiece to be welded includes specific heat, thermal conductivity, density, coefficient of heat transfer.Specifically
Ground, molten bath flowing heat transfer are realized by changing thermal conductivity, are 2-3 times of low-temperature thermal conductivity by increasing thermal conductivity in molten bath, body
Flow the influence to heat transfer in existing molten bath；Latent heat treatment plus the latent heat of fusion by the specific heat in solid-liquid section by embodying latent heat treatment
Influence to temperature；Influence of the phase transformation to deformation is realized by changing phase change zone coefficient of thermal expansion；Other parameters pass through Gleeble
Thermal simulation machine high temperature tension test measures.
S3, displacement constraint is arranged to two-dimensional geometry model, according to temperature field, displacement constraint and workpiece to be welded
Mechanical property determines the Welding Angular Deformation after the default anti-deformation of two-dimensional geometry model load by thermo-elasto-plasticity governing equation
Amount.
In embodiments of the present invention, it is free state simulating the when of welding due to two-dimensional geometry model, it is therefore desirable to be arranged
Constraints, to ensure that rigid body displacement does not occur for workpiece, displacement constraint constrains x, y two of the weld seam of two-dimensional geometry model
The displacement freedom in direction, wherein the direction x, y is respectively cross of the two-dimensional geometry model in two-dimensional coordinate system, ordinate direction.
In embodiments of the present invention, thermo-elasto-plasticity governing equation is：
Wherein, [De] is elastic matrix, and [Dp] is plastic matrix, and [Dep] is elastic-plastic matrix, and d ε are strain, and d σ are to answer
Power.In embodiments of the present invention, non linear finite element analysis software can be based on and carries out Welding Angular Deformation calculating.
In embodiments of the present invention, in order to accelerate solution efficiency, improve computational accuracy, following measure can also be taken：It adopts
Weld metal filling process when multi-layer multi-pass welding is simulated with Life-and-death element；Consider large deformation and newton-La Pusen algorithms into
The equilibrium iteration of row thermo-elasto-plasticity governing equation calculates；Governing equation is accelerated with automatic time step-length using adaptive decline
Solution efficiency；By parameters such as input density, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, coefficient of thermal expansion, each physical property ginseng
Number varies with temperature and changes, to ensure the precision of numerical computations.
S4, setting workpiece loading to be welded preset the deflection desired value after anti-deformation, according to default anti-deformation, welding
Angular deformation amount and deflection desired value determine the welding anti-distortion amount of workpiece to be welded.
In embodiments of the present invention, when the absolute value of Welding Angular Deformation amount is less than deflection desired value, default contravariant is determined
Shape amount is the welding anti-distortion amount of workpiece to be welded.When the absolute value of Welding Angular Deformation amount is more than or equal to deflection desired value,
Using the difference of default anti-deformation and Welding Angular Deformation amount as new default anti-deformation, and step S1-S5 is completed again.
In embodiments of the present invention, it is X that default anti-deformation, which can be arranged,0, deflection desired value is a, Welding Angular Deformation
Amount is A.If | A | < a, it is determined that X0For the welding anti-distortion amount of workpiece to be welded；If | A | >=a is calculated and is preset reversible deformation
The difference X of amount and Welding Angular Deformation amount1=X0- A, and by difference X1As new X0, and step S1-S5 is completed again.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the computational methods control 30mm of welding anti-distortion amount through the invention is thick
Welding Angular Deformation amount when 9Ni steel submerged-arc weldings, wherein the welding procedure that the present embodiment uses is as shown in table 1.
1 welding condition table of table
| Serial number | Electric current (A) | Voltage (V) | Speed (mm/min) | Heat input (kJ/cm) |
| 1 | 420 | 34 | 500 | 17.1 |
| 2-up | 420 | 34 | 300 | 30.6 |
First, anti-deformation is quickly determined by two dimensional weld angular deformation finite element model；Then, it is anti-that this is set before welding
Deflection controls the Welding Angular Deformation of 9Ni steel submerged-arc weldings by reversible deformation, specifically, includes the following steps：
1, two-dimensional geometry model is established according to actual welding operating mode.Wherein, welding groove be double V-groove, width 300mm,
Thickness 30mm, default anti-deformation are X0=10mm, multi-pass welding mode use Life-and-death element technology, and to the two-dimensional geometry
Model partition grid, weld seam and weld seam nearby use refined net, and the minimum dimension of grid is 0.2mm, and transition is used far from weld seam
Grid, size of mesh opening gradually increase, totally 6822 units, 9795 nodes.Temperature analysis uses DCC3D8 units, deformation analysis
Using C3D8 units.
2, fixed node temperature is loaded to every one of weld seam, node temperature is 1400 DEG C, the sweating heat of every one of weld seam
The load time in source is 8s, and cooling time of per pass weld seam is 200s, using transient state newton-Sai Geer iteration, using it is automatic when
Between step-length, record temperature variation data, for deformation calculate thermal force is provided.
3, assignment physical function parameter, wherein physical function parameter varies with temperature.Due to using fixed node temperature
Welding heat source load mode, specific heat and thermal conductivity can not be changed, as long as ensure solid state shape parameter it is accurate, and
And yield stress and elasticity modulus carry out high temperature tension test measurement using Gleeble3500 and obtain, other parameters utilize
JmatPro is calculated.
By being arranged, radiation coefficient is 0.2 and heat transfer rate is 80W/m for the heat exchange of workpiece and environment to be welded2-K.Specific ginseng
Numerical value is as shown in table 2：
The physical parameter table of 2 workpiece to be welded of table
4, displacement constraint is set, the displacement freedom of limitation weld seam bottom x and y both direction is 0.
5, the Welding Angular Deformation after the default anti-deformation of two-dimensional geometry model load is determined by thermo-elasto-plasticity governing equation
Amount.Weld metal filling process when Life-and-death element simulation multi-layer multi-pass welding may be used in calculating process, and consider big
It deforms and the equilibrium iteration of newton-La Pusen algorithms progress thermo-elasto-plasticity governing equation calculates, under can also using adaptively
Drop and automatic time step-length accelerate the solution efficiency of governing equation.It should be noted that when the calculating time should be with temperature computation
Between it is consistent.
6, according to default anti-deformation X0=10mm, deflection desired value a=1mm, it is final to determine weldering by iterating
Reversed deflection is that 20mm can reach deformation limitation requirement.
According to result of calculation, setting welding anti-distortion amount is 20mm, carries out welding procedure test, after welding, welding deformation
It is effectively controlled, corner of workpiece deflection meets welding requirements in 1mm.
In conclusion the computational methods of the welding anti-distortion amount of the present invention are suitable for the carbon steel, no under various welding methods
The anti-deformation for the Welding Angular Deformations of metal materials such as steel, special steel, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy of becoming rusty calculates, and calculating speed is fast, universality
By force, the anti-deformation needed for Welding Angular Deformation control can be fast and accurately provided.
More than, schematic description only of the invention, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that in the work without departing from the present invention
On the basis of making principle, a variety of improvement can be made to the present invention, this is all belonged to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of computational methods of welding anti-distortion amount, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, basis preset anti-deformation and welding operating mode, establish the temperature field of workpiece to be welded and the two-dimensional geometry model of deformation field；
S2, according to the load mode of welding heat source, the physical property of the load time of the welding heat source and the workpiece to be welded,
The equation of heat conduction is established, determines temperature field when two-dimensional geometry model loads welding heat source；
S3, displacement constraint is arranged to the two-dimensional geometry model, according to the temperature field, the displacement constraint and institute
The mechanical property for stating workpiece to be welded determines that anti-deformation is preset in the two-dimensional geometry model load by thermo-elasto-plasticity governing equation
Welding Angular Deformation amount afterwards；
S4, the setting workpiece loading to be welded preset the deflection desired value after anti-deformation, according to the default anti-deformation,
The Welding Angular Deformation amount and the deflection desired value, determine the welding anti-distortion amount of the workpiece to be welded.
2. the computational methods of welding angle anti-deformation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include, to the two dimension
Geometrical model grid division calculates the welding anti-distortion amount of the workpiece to be welded using each grid as node.
3. the computational methods of welding angle anti-deformation as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the grid is non-homogeneous net
The density of lattice, the non-uniform grid is reduced from the weld seam of the workpiece to be welded to surrounding.
4. the computational methods of welding angle anti-deformation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the load of the welding heat source
Mode includes：It is fixed temperature heat source that the welding heat source, which is arranged, the fixed temperature heat source is loaded on successively described to be welded
On the weld seam of workpiece.
5. the computational methods of welding angle anti-deformation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the load of the welding heat source
Time determines according to the weld width of the workpiece to be welded and the speed welded to it.
6. the computational methods of welding angle anti-deformation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include, according to the weldering
Heat source load is connect in the time of each weld seam of the workpiece to be welded, the equation of heat conduction is solved using transient state computational methods.
7. the computational methods of welding angle anti-deformation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the displacement constraint is about
The displacement freedom of x, y both direction of the weld seam of Shu Suoshu two-dimensional geometry models.
8. the computational methods of welding angle anti-deformation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the Welding Angular Deformation amount
When absolute value is less than the deflection desired value, determine that the default anti-deformation is the welding anti-distortion of the workpiece to be welded
Amount.
9. the computational methods of welding angle anti-deformation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the Welding Angular Deformation amount
When absolute value is more than or equal to the deflection desired value, by the difference of the default anti-deformation and the Welding Angular Deformation amount
It is worth as new default anti-deformation, and completes step S1-S5 again.
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| CN111507028A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-08-07 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | Method and device for calculating welding inverse deformation of shell |
| CN111810246A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-10-23 | 赛峰飞机发动机公司 | Method for manufacturing stator vane elements of a turbomachine and tool for carrying out said method |
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| CN111810246A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-10-23 | 赛峰飞机发动机公司 | Method for manufacturing stator vane elements of a turbomachine and tool for carrying out said method |
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| CN110102924B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2021-10-22 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Method for controlling and correcting fillet weld deformation of large box structural member |
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