CN108803195A - A kind of electricity regulation and control method of graphene nonlinear optical effect - Google Patents

A kind of electricity regulation and control method of graphene nonlinear optical effect Download PDF

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CN108803195A
CN108803195A CN201710300583.3A CN201710300583A CN108803195A CN 108803195 A CN108803195 A CN 108803195A CN 201710300583 A CN201710300583 A CN 201710300583A CN 108803195 A CN108803195 A CN 108803195A
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graphene
nonlinear optical
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CN108803195B (en
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吴施伟
黄迪
江涛
张雨
单雨薇
刘韡韬
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Fudan University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/355Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/0009Materials therefor
    • G02F1/0081Electric or magnetic properties

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  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于非线性光学光电调制技术领域,具体为一种石墨烯非线性光学效应的电学调控方法。本发明利用场效应对石墨烯进行电学掺杂,即利用栅极电极的场效应,为单层石墨烯注入载流子,以调节石墨烯的化学势,用于打开或者关断石墨烯中非线性光学过程的共振跃迁通道并影响非线性光学响应的强度,从而有效激发并调控石墨烯的非线性光学效应。本发明方法可以大幅增强、并有效调控石墨烯的二阶、三阶乃至更高阶的非线性光学效应,为石墨烯在非线性光学领域中的应用提供了方便、可靠、有效的电学调控手段。

The invention belongs to the technical field of nonlinear optical photoelectric modulation, and specifically relates to an electrical control method for nonlinear optical effects of graphene. The present invention uses the field effect to electrically dope graphene, that is, uses the field effect of the gate electrode to inject carriers into the single-layer graphene to adjust the chemical potential of the graphene, and is used to turn on or off the non-conductor in the graphene. The resonant transition channel of the linear optical process affects the intensity of the nonlinear optical response, thereby effectively exciting and regulating the nonlinear optical effect of graphene. The method of the present invention can greatly enhance and effectively regulate the second-order, third-order and even higher-order nonlinear optical effects of graphene, and provides a convenient, reliable and effective electrical regulation means for the application of graphene in the field of nonlinear optics .

Description

一种石墨烯非线性光学效应的电学调控方法An electrical control method for the nonlinear optical effect of graphene

技术领域technical field

本发明属于非线性光学光电调制技术领域,具体涉及一种石墨烯非线性光学效应的电学调控方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of nonlinear optical photoelectric modulation, and in particular relates to an electrical control method for graphene nonlinear optical effects.

背景技术Background technique

作为人类发现的第一种能够在自然界中稳定存在的二维材料,石墨烯自从2004年石墨烯被英国科学家K.S.Novoselov和A.K.Geim发现以来,由于其卓越的性质,诸如极高的机械强度、载流子高迁移率、固定的透光率(未掺杂的石墨烯)、线性能带结构以及零能隙等,吸引了科研人员以及企业界的广泛关注。目前,石墨烯在线性光学领域的性质已为人们所熟知,并且已经被使用在实际的工程应用中,例如红外探测器、触摸屏、电子纸等。与此相对地,石墨烯在非线性光学领域的潜力仍然未被充分研究与开发。As the first two-dimensional material discovered by humans that can exist stably in nature, graphene has been discovered by British scientists K.S. Novoselov and A.K. Geim in 2004. High mobility, fixed light transmittance (undoped graphene), linear energy band structure, and zero energy gap have attracted extensive attention from researchers and business circles. At present, the properties of graphene in the field of linear optics are well known and have been used in practical engineering applications, such as infrared detectors, touch screens, electronic paper, etc. In contrast, the potential of graphene in the field of nonlinear optics is still understudied and underexploited.

由于石墨烯独特的线性能带结构,石墨烯中的载流子在受到激发光中的交流电场驱动时其相应的光电流并非如同传统半导体中那样为同频率的正弦或者余弦信号,而是方波信号,因此自然伴随着很强的非线性光学效应;与此同时,由于石墨烯的零能隙特性,石墨烯中的非线性光学效应在极广的波段内都可以实现共振,且存在多种多样的共振跃迁通道。基于以上两方面考虑,自从2007年以来,大量理论物理学家相继预测石墨烯具有很强的三阶非线性光学效应。之后,实验物理学家观察到了来自单层石墨烯的三阶非线性光学效应,例如2010年,E.Hendry等人在单层石墨烯中观测到了四波混频信号,2013年,N. Kumar等人与S. Y. Hong等人观测到了三次谐波信号,所有的实验数据均显示单层石墨烯具有极强的三阶非线性光学效应。Due to the unique linear energy band structure of graphene, when the carriers in graphene are driven by the alternating electric field in the excitation light, the corresponding photocurrent is not a sine or cosine signal of the same frequency as in traditional semiconductors, but a square Wave signal, so it is naturally accompanied by a strong nonlinear optical effect; at the same time, due to the zero energy gap characteristics of graphene, the nonlinear optical effect in graphene can achieve resonance in a very wide band, and there are many A variety of resonant transition channels. Based on the above two considerations, since 2007, a large number of theoretical physicists have predicted that graphene has a strong third-order nonlinear optical effect. Later, experimental physicists observed the third-order nonlinear optical effect from single-layer graphene. For example, in 2010, E. Hendry et al. observed four-wave mixing signals in single-layer graphene. In 2013, N. Kumar et al. and S. Y. Hong et al. observed the third harmonic signal, and all the experimental data show that single-layer graphene has a very strong third-order nonlinear optical effect.

然而,由于单层石墨烯具有中心反演对称性,因此仅考虑电偶极近似时认为不存在偶阶次的非线性光学效应,如二次谐波、光参量转换等。但是,最近的理论指出,当进一步考虑电四极矩和磁偶极矩的贡献时,石墨烯应该存在着二阶非线性光学效应;非但如此,在斜入射激发的情况下,沿着光波矢方向看,石墨烯可以展现出很强的二阶非线性光学效应。更进一步地,基于石墨烯的特殊性质,在单层石墨烯中观测到更高阶的非线性光学效应也是可以预期的。However, due to the central inversion symmetry of single-layer graphene, even-order nonlinear optical effects, such as second harmonics, optical parametric conversion, etc., do not exist when only the electric dipole approximation is considered. However, recent theories point out that when the contribution of electric quadrupole moment and magnetic dipole moment is further considered, there should be second-order nonlinear optical effects in graphene; not only that, in the case of oblique incident excitation, along the wave vector Looking at the direction, graphene can exhibit a strong second-order nonlinear optical effect. Furthermore, based on the special properties of graphene, it is also expected to observe higher-order nonlinear optical effects in single-layer graphene.

基于以上研究结果,石墨烯在非线性光学器件与装置中具有巨大的应用前景。目前已经提出并实现了大量基于石墨烯非线性光学效应的应用,例如将石墨烯运用于锁模激光器,或者用作可饱和吸收介质,又例如将单层石墨烯包覆在光纤外部,或者置于光子晶体结构上,利用单层石墨烯的三阶非线性效应实现对于激发光的频率转换等。然而,尽管目前已经有大量的关于石墨烯非线性光学效应的器件被提出或者实现,仍然缺少一种行之有效的控制石墨烯非线性光学效应强度的方法;此外,此前还没有实现单层石墨烯偶次阶非线性光学效应的激发及其相应调控的报道,极大地限制了石墨烯非线性光学效应的在涉及非线性光学调制与开关相关方面的应用前景。Based on the above research results, graphene has great application prospects in nonlinear optical devices and devices. At present, a large number of applications based on the nonlinear optical effect of graphene have been proposed and realized, such as using graphene in mode-locked lasers, or as a saturable absorption medium, and such as coating single-layer graphene on the outside of optical fibers, or placing On the photonic crystal structure, the third-order nonlinear effect of single-layer graphene is used to realize the frequency conversion of excitation light, etc. However, although a large number of devices related to graphene nonlinear optical effects have been proposed or realized, there is still a lack of an effective method to control the intensity of graphene nonlinear optical effects; in addition, single-layer graphite has not been realized before. Reports on the excitation of even-order nonlinear optical effects and their corresponding regulation greatly limit the application prospects of graphene nonlinear optical effects in aspects related to nonlinear optical modulation and switching.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了克服现有石墨烯非线性光学器件中出现的种种不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种切实可行的、激发并调控石墨烯非线性光学效应的方法。In order to overcome various deficiencies in existing graphene nonlinear optical devices, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a practical method for stimulating and regulating graphene nonlinear optical effects.

本发明提出的激发并调控石墨烯非线性光学效应的方法,是利用场效应对石墨烯进行电学掺杂,即利用栅极电极的场效应,为单层石墨烯注入载流子,以调节石墨烯的化学势,从而打开或者关断石墨烯中非线性光学过程的共振跃迁通道并影响非线性光学响应的强度,以有效激发并调控石墨烯的非线性光学效应。The method for stimulating and regulating the nonlinear optical effect of graphene proposed by the present invention is to use the field effect to electrically dope graphene, that is, to use the field effect of the grid electrode to inject carriers into the single-layer graphene to regulate the graphene. The chemical potential of graphene can open or close the resonance transition channel of nonlinear optical process in graphene and affect the intensity of nonlinear optical response, so as to effectively stimulate and regulate the nonlinear optical effect of graphene.

本发明方法的物理原理如下:石墨烯的线性能带与零能隙特性导致石墨烯中发生非线性光学过程时存在多种多样的共振跃迁通道(例如,当使用角频率为的激发角频率为的加法四波混频信号时,存在对应能量为等共五个共振跃迁通道),而石墨烯中的非线性光学效应由这些共振跃迁通道所主导;而当使用电学掺杂的方法调节石墨烯的化学势时,如果一部分共振跃迁通道被化学势关断,就会使得非线性光学效应的强度发生显著变化。The physical principles of the inventive method are as follows: the linear energy band and zero energy gap characteristics of graphene cause a variety of resonant transition channels when nonlinear optical processes occur in graphene (for example, when using an angular frequency of and The excitation angular frequency of When the additive four-wave mixing signal of , there is a corresponding energy of and There are five resonant transition channels in total), and the nonlinear optical effect in graphene is dominated by these resonant transition channels; and when the chemical potential of graphene is adjusted by the method of electrical doping, if a part of the resonant transition channels are controlled by the chemical potential When turned off, the intensity of the nonlinear optical effect changes significantly.

本发明中,通过调节石墨烯化学势到接近共振跃迁通道对应的能量前后,使其出现关断效应与共振效应;其中关断效应指石墨烯非线性效应的强度在石墨烯化学势接近共振跃迁通道对应的能量的前后会出现台阶状的增大或者减小,而共振效应指石墨烯非线性效应的强度在石墨烯化学势在共振跃迁通道对应的能量附近时会得到增强。In the present invention, by adjusting the chemical potential of graphene to the energy corresponding to the transition channel close to the resonance, the shut-off effect and the resonance effect appear; wherein the shut-off effect refers to the intensity of the nonlinear effect of graphene when the chemical potential of graphene is close to the resonance transition There will be a step-like increase or decrease before and after the energy corresponding to the channel, and the resonance effect means that the strength of the nonlinear effect of graphene will be enhanced when the chemical potential of graphene is near the energy corresponding to the resonance transition channel.

本发明中,根据物理原理与实验结果,调节石墨烯化学势,可以调控石墨烯中的三阶非线性光学效应以及二阶非线性光学效应。其中三阶非线性光学效应包括三次谐波过程,克尔效应以及四波混频过程等,而二阶非线性光学响应包括二次谐波过程,以及和频与差频过程等;并且该调制效果并不局限于三阶和二阶非线性光学效应,而是可以推广到更多更广泛的非线性光学效应中。In the present invention, the third-order nonlinear optical effect and the second-order nonlinear optical effect in graphene can be adjusted by adjusting the chemical potential of graphene according to physical principles and experimental results. The third-order nonlinear optical effects include the third harmonic process, Kerr effect and four-wave mixing process, etc., while the second-order nonlinear optical response includes the second harmonic process, and the sum frequency and difference frequency process, etc.; and the modulation The effect is not limited to third-order and second-order nonlinear optical effects, but can be generalized to more and broader nonlinear optical effects.

本发明中,由于共振跃迁通道具有不同的强度与相位,且不同非线性光学效应的共振跃迁通道对应的化学势能量不同,因此不同非线性光学过程在调节石墨烯化学势时,其强度的变化趋势也不同。以三阶非线性光学效应为例,对于三次谐波信号,当调节石墨烯化学势远离石墨烯电中性点时,信号强度在一定范围内不断增强;而对于减法四波混频信号,当调节石墨烯化学势远离石墨烯电中性点时,信号强度反而不断减弱。In the present invention, since the resonant transition channels have different intensities and phases, and the chemical potential energies corresponding to the resonant transition channels of different nonlinear optical effects are different, when different nonlinear optical processes adjust the chemical potential of graphene, the change of its intensity Trends are also different. Taking the third-order nonlinear optical effect as an example, for the third harmonic signal, when the chemical potential of graphene is adjusted away from the electrical neutral point of graphene, the signal intensity is continuously enhanced within a certain range; for the subtractive four-wave mixing signal, when When the chemical potential of graphene is adjusted away from the electrical neutral point of graphene, the signal intensity decreases continuously.

本发明方法的实现,需使用石墨烯器件、电学调控设备以及激发光路等。其中,石墨烯器件包括石墨烯、衬底材料、电介质材料以及栅极电极,在使用时通过对栅极电极施加电压,利用电介质材料的场效应调节石墨烯的化学势;其中,对于不同应用场合,可以使用不同种类的电介质材料。电学调控设备用于对石墨烯器件施加栅极电压。激发光路可以使用正入射或者斜入射激发光,其中激发石墨烯三阶非线性光学效应可以使用正入射或者斜入射激发光;而对于石墨烯二阶非线性光学效应宜使用斜入射激发光。The realization of the method of the present invention requires the use of graphene devices, electrical control equipment, and excitation light paths. Among them, the graphene device includes graphene, substrate material, dielectric material and gate electrode. When in use, by applying a voltage to the gate electrode, the chemical potential of graphene is adjusted by the field effect of the dielectric material; wherein, for different applications , different kinds of dielectric materials can be used. The electrical regulation device is used to apply a gate voltage to the graphene device. The excitation light path can use normal incidence or oblique incidence excitation light, and the excitation light of normal incidence or oblique incidence can be used to excite the third-order nonlinear optical effect of graphene; while the oblique incidence excitation light should be used for the second-order nonlinear optical effect of graphene.

本发明具有以下有益效果:The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1、本发明提供的针对石墨烯非线性光学效应的电学调控手段,实现了对于石墨烯非线性光学响应的有效控制。在通过电学掺杂改变石墨烯化学势时,来自石墨烯的非线性光学效应的强度会发生显著改变;1. The electrical control means for the nonlinear optical effect of graphene provided by the present invention realizes the effective control of the nonlinear optical response of graphene. The strength of nonlinear optical effects from graphene can be significantly changed when the chemical potential of graphene is changed by electrical doping;

2、本发明提供的电学调控手段,对于不同的非线性光学效应的调节效果不同,因此可以利用该性质控制不同效应间的相对强度,或者选择性地激发或抑制部分非线性光学过程;2. The electrical control means provided by the present invention have different adjustment effects on different nonlinear optical effects, so this property can be used to control the relative intensity between different effects, or to selectively excite or suppress some nonlinear optical processes;

3、本发明提供的斜入射激发光路,可以有效地激发来自单层石墨烯的二阶非线性光学响应。在此基础上,电学调控手段可以对来自单层石墨烯的二阶非线性光学效应的强度进行有效控制;3. The oblique incident excitation optical path provided by the present invention can effectively excite the second-order nonlinear optical response from single-layer graphene. On this basis, electrical control means can effectively control the intensity of the second-order nonlinear optical effect from single-layer graphene;

4、本发明提供的电学调控方法可以运用于光参量转换、太赫兹、红外光的产生,以及光通信领域中光开关、光信息存储等非线性光学的应用中,以增强或者控制应用中的非线性光学效应。4. The electrical control method provided by the present invention can be applied to the generation of optical parameter conversion, terahertz, infrared light, and nonlinear optics such as optical switches and optical information storage in the field of optical communication, so as to enhance or control the nonlinear optical effects.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是实施例1及实施例2中单层石墨烯器件及其电学调控的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a single-layer graphene device and its electrical regulation in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.

图2是本发明实施例1中,针对石墨烯三阶非线性光学效应使用的激发光以及非线性光学信号收集分析光路图。其中,激发光相对石墨烯器件为正入射。Fig. 2 is an optical path diagram of the excitation light used for the third-order nonlinear optical effect of graphene and the collection and analysis of nonlinear optical signals in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Wherein, the excitation light is normal incident on the graphene device.

图3是本发明实施例1中,石墨烯中的三次谐波以及减法四波混频两种三阶非线性光学效应的强度随石墨烯化学势的变化。其中,三次谐波信号来源于波长为1300nm的激发光激发所得;四波混频信号来源于波长为1040nm以及1300nm的激发光激发所得。图中μ代表以石墨烯电中性点为参考点的石墨烯化学势。Fig. 3 shows the variation of the intensity of the third-order nonlinear optical effects of the third harmonic and subtractive four-wave mixing in graphene with the chemical potential of graphene in Example 1 of the present invention. Among them, the third harmonic signal is derived from the excitation of the excitation light with a wavelength of 1300nm; the four-wave mixing signal is derived from the excitation of the excitation light with a wavelength of 1040nm and 1300nm. In the figure, μ represents the chemical potential of graphene with the electrical neutral point of graphene as the reference point.

图4是本发明实施例2中,针对石墨烯二阶非线性光学效应使用的激发光以及非线性光学信号收集分析光路图。其中,激发光相对石墨烯器件为45度斜入射。Fig. 4 is an optical path diagram of the excitation light used for the second-order nonlinear optical effect of graphene and the collection and analysis of nonlinear optical signals in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Wherein, the excitation light is obliquely incident at 45 degrees relative to the graphene device.

图5是本发明实施例2中,石墨烯中的二次谐波效应的强度随石墨烯化学势的变化。其中,二次谐波信号来源于波长为1308nm的激发光激发所得。图中μ代表以石墨烯电中性点为参考点的石墨烯化学势。Fig. 5 shows the variation of the intensity of the second harmonic effect in graphene with the chemical potential of graphene in Example 2 of the present invention. Wherein, the second harmonic signal is derived from excitation with excitation light with a wavelength of 1308nm. In the figure, μ represents the chemical potential of graphene with the electrical neutral point of graphene as the reference point.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。附图中相似的部件以相同的附图标记进行表示。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。In order to illustrate the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the content specifically described below is illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

实施例1Example 1

本实施例中包括石墨烯器件,激发光路,以及电学调控及测量装置,如图1所示。所述石墨烯器件包括单层石墨烯样品,衬底材料,源极,漏极,顶栅极以及电介质材料。所述激发光路用于激发单层石墨烯中的非线性光学效应。所述电学调控及测量装置用于施加栅极电压并同时测量石墨烯输运性质。This embodiment includes a graphene device, an excitation optical path, and an electrical regulation and measurement device, as shown in FIG. 1 . The graphene device includes a single-layer graphene sample, a substrate material, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a top gate and a dielectric material. The excitation optical path is used to excite nonlinear optical effects in single-layer graphene. The electrical regulation and measurement device is used for applying grid voltage and simultaneously measuring graphene transport properties.

在上述石墨烯器件中,源极、漏极以及顶栅极是使用电子束蒸发结合掩膜的方法蒸发到单层石墨烯样品和衬底材料上的。其中,衬底材料为熔融石英。In the above-mentioned graphene device, the source, drain and top gate are evaporated onto the single-layer graphene sample and the substrate material by using electron beam evaporation combined with a mask method. Wherein, the substrate material is fused silica.

在上述石墨烯器件中,石墨烯器件使用了离子凝胶作为电介质材料以获得最优的调节能力,这是由于使用离子凝胶作为顶栅极电介质材料时对于单层石墨烯中的化学势的调节能力远大于使用其他电介质时的调节能力。Among the graphene devices mentioned above, the graphene device uses ion gel as the dielectric material to obtain the optimal tuning ability, which is due to the chemical potential in monolayer graphene when using ion gel as the top gate dielectric material. The tuning capability is much greater than when using other dielectrics.

本实施例中可以调控石墨烯非线性光学效应的石墨烯器件的制备与测试方法,包括以下步骤:The preparation and testing method of the graphene device that can regulate graphene nonlinear optical effect in the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

(1)通过化学气相沉积方法获得单层石墨烯样品,并通过湿法转移的方法转移在熔融石英衬底上;(1) Obtain a single-layer graphene sample by chemical vapor deposition, and transfer it on a fused silica substrate by a wet transfer method;

(2)通过电子束蒸发并配合掩膜版为单层石墨烯蒸镀电极,并利用点线机为电极引线;(2) Evaporate electrodes for single-layer graphene through electron beam evaporation and match the mask plate, and use the dot line machine as the electrode lead;

(3)配制离子凝胶,成分由离子液体[EMIM][TFSI]及PS-PEO-PS组成。之后,取少量离子凝胶滴在石墨烯样品上。离子凝胶需要覆盖石墨烯样品以及顶栅极电极区域,之后放在干燥柜中静置一段时间等待离子凝胶固化并干燥;(3) Prepare ion gel, which is composed of ionic liquid [EMIM][TFSI] and PS-PEO-PS. Afterwards, a small amount of ion gel was dropped on the graphene sample. The ion gel needs to cover the graphene sample and the top grid electrode area, and then put it in a drying cabinet for a period of time to wait for the ion gel to solidify and dry;

(4)按照图1中的连线方式,将石墨烯器件与电学调控及测量装置接线。电学调控及测量装置用于提供石墨烯器件所需的顶栅极电压并实时检测石墨烯器件的电阻值;(4) According to the connection method in Figure 1, connect the graphene device with the electrical control and measurement device. The electrical control and measurement device is used to provide the top gate voltage required by the graphene device and detect the resistance value of the graphene device in real time;

(5)使用图2中的激发及信号收集光路,在激发光正入射的情况下,选取石墨烯器件中合适的位置对激发光进行聚焦;(5) Use the excitation and signal collection optical path in Figure 2, and select a suitable position in the graphene device to focus the excitation light under the condition that the excitation light is incident;

(6)调节顶栅极电压的同时利用光谱仪或者雪崩光电二极管采集相应的非线性光学信号。利用不同的激发光以及光学滤波片可以得到不同的非线性光学信号随顶栅极电压的强度变化。(6) While adjusting the top gate voltage, use a spectrometer or an avalanche photodiode to collect corresponding nonlinear optical signals. Different excitation lights and optical filters can be used to obtain different nonlinear optical signals varying with the intensity of the top gate voltage.

图3展示了使用波长为1300nm的飞秒激光作为激发光时的三次谐波信号,以及使用波长为1040 nm和1300 nm的飞秒激光作为激发光时的减法四波混频信号(波长为867nm)的强度随石墨烯化学势的变化。如图3所示,三次谐波信号及四波混频信号都会受到石墨烯化学势的显著调控,且两者随石墨烯化学势的变化趋势不同。图3显示三次谐波信号在石墨烯化学势关断部分共振跃迁通道时会得到增强(关断效应),而且当进一步调节石墨烯化学势接近其他共振跃迁通道时会进一步增强(共振效应)。与此同时,减法四波混频信号在石墨烯化学势关断部分共振跃迁通道时会极大的减弱。Figure 3 shows the third harmonic signal when using a femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 1300 nm as excitation light, and the subtractive four-wave mixing signal (wavelength of 867 nm) when using a femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 1040 nm and ) as a function of the chemical potential of graphene. As shown in Figure 3, both the third harmonic signal and the four-wave mixing signal are significantly regulated by the chemical potential of graphene, and the two have different trends with the chemical potential of graphene. Figure 3 shows that the third harmonic signal is enhanced when the graphene chemical potential shuts off some resonant transition channels (shutdown effect), and further enhanced when the graphene chemical potential is further adjusted to approach other resonant transition channels (resonance effect). At the same time, the subtractive four-wave mixing signal will be greatly weakened when the graphene chemical potential turns off part of the resonant transition channel.

需要指出的是,本实施例中,由于使用的激发光光子能量较大,因此为了关断相应共振跃迁通道需要大范围的调节石墨烯化学势,故而使用了离子凝胶作为电介质材料,但可以选择的电介质材料并不仅限于离子凝胶,例如当使用的激发光光子能量较小时,可以使用其他电介质材料来实现对石墨烯非线性光学响应的调控。It should be pointed out that in this embodiment, due to the high photon energy of the excitation light used, it is necessary to adjust the chemical potential of graphene in a large range in order to turn off the corresponding resonance transition channel, so ion gel is used as the dielectric material, but it can be The selected dielectric material is not limited to ion gels. For example, when the excitation light photon energy is small, other dielectric materials can be used to control the nonlinear optical response of graphene.

实施例2Example 2

与实施例1相同,区别在于使用图4所示的45度斜入射装置来激发石墨烯器件的二阶非线性光学效应。图5展示了在本实施例中二阶非线性光学效应的强度受石墨烯化学势调控时的变化。图5说明,石墨烯中的二次谐波效应同样会受到石墨烯化学势的显著调控,在石墨烯化学势关断部分共振跃迁通道时会得到增强。Same as Example 1, except that the 45-degree oblique incidence device shown in FIG. 4 is used to excite the second-order nonlinear optical effect of the graphene device. Fig. 5 shows the variation of the intensity of the second-order nonlinear optical effect when controlled by the chemical potential of graphene in this embodiment. Figure 5 shows that the second harmonic effect in graphene is also significantly regulated by the graphene chemical potential, and it will be enhanced when the graphene chemical potential shuts down part of the resonant transition channel.

显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can also make It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation modes here, and any obvious changes or changes derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the electricity of graphene nonlinear optical effect a kind of regulates and controls method, which is characterized in that using field-effect to graphene into Row electricity is adulterated, that is, utilizes the field-effect of gate electrode, carrier is injected for single-layer graphene, to adjust the chemistry of graphene Gesture, to open or turn off the resonant transition channel of nonlinear optical process in graphene and influence nonlinear optical response Intensity, effectively to excite and regulate and control the nonlinear optical effect of graphene.
2. the electricity of graphene nonlinear optical effect according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, which is characterized in that pass through tune There is shutdown effect and resonance effects to close to before and after the corresponding energy in resonant transition channel, making it in arthrolith ink alkene chemical potential;Its Middle shutdown effect refer to graphene nonlinear effect intensity in graphene chemical potential close to the corresponding energy in resonant transition channel The step-like increase or reduction of front and back appearance, resonance effects refers to the intensity of graphene nonlinear effect in graphene chemistry Enhanced when gesture is near the corresponding energy in resonant transition channel.
3. the electricity of graphene nonlinear optical effect according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, which is characterized in that pass through tune Arthrolith ink alkene chemical potential, can regulate and control the third-order nonlinear optical effect and second order nonlinear optical effect in graphene;Its In, third-order nonlinear optical effect includes triple-frequency harmonics process, Kerr effect and four-wave mixing process, second nonlinear optic Effect includes second harmonic process, and and frequency and difference frequency process.
4. the electricity of graphene nonlinear optical effect according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, which is characterized in that exciting In light path, using normal incidence or oblique incidence exciting light, graphene third-order nonlinear optical effect is excited;It is excited using oblique incidence Light excites graphene second order nonlinear optical effect.
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