CN108803195A - A kind of electricity regulation and control method of graphene nonlinear optical effect - Google Patents
A kind of electricity regulation and control method of graphene nonlinear optical effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN108803195A CN108803195A CN201710300583.3A CN201710300583A CN108803195A CN 108803195 A CN108803195 A CN 108803195A CN 201710300583 A CN201710300583 A CN 201710300583A CN 108803195 A CN108803195 A CN 108803195A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
- G02F1/0081—Electric or magnetic properties
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- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to nonlinear optics electro-optical modulation technical field, the electricity of specially a kind of graphene nonlinear optical effect regulates and controls method.The present invention carries out electricity doping using field-effect to graphene, utilize the field-effect of gate electrode, carrier is injected for single-layer graphene, to adjust the chemical potential of graphene, it is used to open or turns off the resonant transition channel of nonlinear optical process in graphene and influence the intensity of nonlinear optical response, to effectively excite and regulate and control the nonlinear optical effect of graphene.The method of the present invention can substantially enhance and the nonlinear optical effect of the second order of Effective Regulation graphene, three ranks or even higher order, provide a convenient for application of the graphene in non-linear optical field, reliably, effective electricity control measures.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nonlinear optics electro-optical modulation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of graphene nonlinear optical effect
Electricity regulate and control method.
Background technology
As the first two-dimensional material that can be stabilized in nature that the mankind have found, graphene was since 2004 years
It is such as high due to its remarkable property since graphene is found by British scientist K.S.Novoselov and A.K.Geim
Mechanical strength, carrier high mobility, fixed light transmittance（Undoped graphene）, linear band structure and zero energy gap
Deng having attracted the extensive concern of scientific research personnel and business circles.Currently, graphene has been people in the property of linear optical field
It is known, and be used in actual engineer application, such as infrared detector, touch screen, Electronic Paper etc..With this phase
Over the ground, graphene in the potentiality of non-linear optical field still not by abundant research and development.
Due to the unique linear band structure of graphene, the carrier in graphene is by the AC field in exciting light
Its corresponding photoelectric current is not the sine or cosine signal for same frequency as in conventional semiconductors when driving, but side
Wave signal, thus it is natural along with very strong nonlinear optical effect；At the same time, due to zero energy gap characteristic of graphene, stone
Nonlinear optical effect in black alkene can realize resonance in extremely wide wave band, and there are diversified resonant transitions to lead to
Road.From the aspect of above two, since 2007, it is very strong that a large amount of theoretical physicists predict that graphene has in succession
Third-order nonlinear optical effect.Later, experimental physicist observed the effect of the third-order nonlinear optical from single-layer graphene
It answers, such as 2010, E.Hendry et al. has observed four-wave mixing signal in single-layer graphene, 2013, N. Kumar
Et al. observed that harmonic signal, all experimental datas show that single-layer graphene has pole with S. Y. Hong et al.
Strong third-order nonlinear optical effect.
However, since single-layer graphene has center inversion symmetry, only consider not to think to deposit when Electric dipole approximation
In the nonlinear optical effect of even order time, such as the conversion of second harmonic, optical parameter.But nearest theory is pointed out, when further
When the contribution of consideration electric and dipole moment, graphene should there is second order nonlinear optical effects；Not only in this way,
In the case that oblique incidence excites, see that graphene can show very strong second order nonlinear optical effect along light wave arrow direction.
Further, the special nature based on graphene observes the nonlinear optical effect of higher order in single-layer graphene
It is expected.
Based on the above result of study, graphene has huge application prospect in device for non-linear optical and device.Mesh
It is preceding to have proposed and realized the application largely based on graphene nonlinear optical effect, such as graphene is applied into mode locking and is swashed
Light device, or it is used as saturable absorption medium, in another example single-layer graphene is coated on outer fiber, or it is placed in photonic crystal
In structure, the frequency conversion etc. for exciting light is realized using the Third-order nonlinearity of single-layer graphene.However, although at present
There is the device largely about graphene nonlinear optical effect to be suggested or realize, it is a kind of effective still to lack
Control graphene nonlinear optical effect intensity method；In addition, there are no realize that single-layer graphene even order is non-thread before this
Property optical effect excitation and its report that accordingly regulates and controls, significantly limit graphene nonlinear optical effect be related to it is non-
Linear optics modulates the application prospect with switch related fields.
Invention content
In order to overcome the various deficiencies occurred in existing graphene device for non-linear optical, the purpose of the present invention is to provide
A kind of practicable, method for exciting and regulating and controlling graphene nonlinear optical effect.
Excitation proposed by the present invention and the method for regulating and controlling graphene nonlinear optical effect are using field-effect to graphene
Electricity doping is carried out, that is, utilizes the field-effect of gate electrode, carrier is injected for single-layer graphene, to adjust the chemistry of graphene
Gesture, to open or turn off the resonant transition channel of nonlinear optical process in graphene and influence nonlinear optical response
Intensity, effectively to excite and regulate and control the nonlinear optical effect of graphene.
The physical principle of the method for the present invention is as follows：The linear energy band of graphene causes to occur in graphene non-with zero energy gap characteristic
There are diversified resonant transition channels when linear optics process（For example, when being using angular frequencyWithExcitation angular frequency
ForAddition four-wave mixing signal when, there are corresponding energy to be
AndDeng totally five resonant transition channels）, and the nonlinear optical effect in graphene is resonated by these
Transition channel is dominated；And when the method adulterated using electricity adjusts the chemical potential of graphene, if a part of resonant transition
Channel is turned off by chemical potential, will make the intensity of nonlinear optical effect that significant changes occur.
In the present invention, by adjusting graphene chemical potential to close to before and after the corresponding energy in resonant transition channel, it is made to go out
Now turn off effect and resonance effects；Wherein shutdown effect refers to the intensity of graphene nonlinear effect in graphene chemical potential close to altogether
The front and back of the corresponding energy of the transition channel that shakes will appear step-like increase or reduction, and to refer to graphene non-linear for resonance effects
The intensity of effect can be enhanced when graphene chemical potential is near the corresponding energy in resonant transition channel.
In the present invention, according to physical principle and experimental result, graphene chemical potential is adjusted, three in graphene can be regulated and controled
Rank nonlinear optical effect and second order nonlinear optical effect.Wherein third-order nonlinear optical effect includes triple-frequency harmonics mistake
Journey, Kerr effect and four-wave mixing process etc., and second nonlinear optic response includes second harmonic process, and and frequency with
Difference frequency process etc.；And the modulation effect is not limited to three ranks and second order nonlinear optical effect, but can be generalized to more
In more widely nonlinear optical effects.
In the present invention, since resonant transition channel has different intensity and phase, and different nonlinear optical effect
The corresponding chemical potential energy in resonant transition channel is different, therefore different nonlinear optical process are when adjusting graphene chemical potential,
The variation tendency of its intensity is also different.By taking third-order nonlinear optical effect as an example, for harmonic signal, when adjusting graphene
When chemical potential is far from graphene electroneutral point, signal strength constantly enhances in a certain range；And subtraction four-wave mixing is believed
Number, when adjusting graphene chemical potential far from graphene electroneutral point, signal strength constantly weakens instead.
The realization of the method for the present invention need to use graphene device, electricity adjusting device and excitation light path etc..Wherein, stone
Black alkene device includes graphene, substrate material, dielectric substance and gate electrode, when in use by applying to gate electrode
Voltage adjusts the chemical potential of graphene using the field-effect of dielectric substance；Wherein, it for different application occasion, can use
Different types of dielectric substance.Electricity adjusting device is used to apply grid voltage to graphene device.Excitation light path can make
With normal incidence either oblique incidence exciting light wherein excite graphene third-order nonlinear optical effect can use normal incidence or tiltedly
Incident exciting light；And oblique incidence exciting light is preferably used for graphene second order nonlinear optical effect.
The invention has the advantages that：
1, the electricity control measures provided by the invention for graphene nonlinear optical effect, realize non-thread for graphene
Effective control of property optic response.When adulterating change graphene chemical potential by electricity, the nonlinear optics from graphene
The intensity of effect can significantly change；
2, electricity control measures provided by the invention, it is different for the regulating effect of different nonlinear optical effects, therefore can
To control the relative intensity between different effect using the property, or selectively excite or inhibit part nonlinear optics mistake
Journey；
3, oblique incidence excitation light path provided by the invention can effectively excite the second nonlinear optic from single-layer graphene
Response.On this basis, electricity control measures can to the intensity of the second order nonlinear optical effect from single-layer graphene into
Row effectively control；
4, electricity regulation and control method provided by the invention can apply to optical parameter conversion, the generation of Terahertz, infrared light, Yi Jiguang
It is non-linear in application to enhance or control in the communications field in the application of nonlinear opticses such as photoswitch, optical information storage
Optical effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is single-layer graphene device and its structural schematic diagram of electricity regulation and control in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
Fig. 2 is the exciting light used for graphene third-order nonlinear optical effect in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and non-thread
Property optical signalling collect and survey index path.Wherein, exciting light is normal incidence with respect to graphene device.
Fig. 3 is two kinds of third-order non-linears of triple-frequency harmonics and subtraction four-wave mixing in graphene in the embodiment of the present invention 1
The intensity of optical effect with graphene chemical potential variation.Wherein, harmonic signal is from the excitation that wavelength is 1300nm
Light excitation gained；Four-wave mixing signal is from the excitation gained that wavelength is 1040nm and 1300nm.μ is represented in figure
Using graphene electroneutral point as the graphene chemical potential of reference point.
Fig. 4 is the exciting light used for graphene second order nonlinear optical effect in the embodiment of the present invention 2 and non-thread
Property optical signalling collect and survey index path.Wherein, exciting light is 45 degree of oblique incidences with respect to graphene device.
Fig. 5 is in the embodiment of the present invention 2, the intensity of the second-harmonic generation in graphene with graphene chemical potential change
Change.Wherein, second harmonic signal is from the excitation gained that wavelength is 1308nm.μ is represented in graphene electricity in figure
Property point be reference point graphene chemical potential.
Specific implementation mode
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, the present invention is done further with reference to preferred embodiments and drawings
It is bright.Similar component is indicated with identical reference numeral in attached drawing.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that institute is specific below
The content of description is illustrative and be not restrictive, and should not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment includes graphene device, excitation light path and electricity regulation and control and measuring device, as shown in Figure 1.The stone
Black alkene device includes single-layer graphene sample, substrate material, source electrode, drain electrode, top-gated pole and dielectric substance.The exciting light
Road is used to excite the nonlinear optical effect in single-layer graphene.The electricity regulation and control and measuring device are for applying grid voltage
And graphene transport property is measured simultaneously.
In above-mentioned graphene device, source electrode, drain electrode and top-gated pole are the methods using electron beam evaporation combination mask
It is evaporated on single-layer graphene sample and substrate material.Wherein, substrate material is vitreous silica.
In above-mentioned graphene device, graphene device has used ionic gel optimal to obtain as dielectric substance
Regulating power, this is because for the chemical potential in single-layer graphene when using ionic gel as top gate dielectric material
Regulating power when regulating power is much larger than using other dielectrics.
Preparation and the test method of the graphene device of graphene nonlinear optical effect can be regulated and controled in the present embodiment, wrapped
Include following steps：
（1）Single-layer graphene sample is obtained by chemical vapor deposition method, and is being melted by the method transfer that wet method shifts
In quartz substrate；
（2）By electron beam evaporation and mask plate is coordinated to be single-layer graphene electrode evaporation, and is contact conductor using roulette；
（3）Ionic gel is prepared, ingredient is made of ionic liquid [EMIM] [TFSI] and PS-PEO-PS.Later, a small amount of ion is taken
Gel drops are in graphene sample.Ionic gel needs to cover graphene sample and top-gated pole electrode zone, is placed on later dry
A period of time waiting ionic gel is stood in dry cabinet to cure and dry；
（4）According to the connection mode in Fig. 1, by graphene device and electricity regulates and controls and measuring device wiring.Electricity regulates and controls and surveys
Amount device is used to provide the top-gated pole tension needed for graphene device and detects the resistance value of graphene device in real time；
（5）Using in Fig. 2 excitation and signal collection light path, in the case of exciting light normal incidence, choose graphene device in
Suitable position is focused exciting light；
（6）Corresponding nonlinear optics is acquired while adjusting top-gated pole tension using spectrometer or avalanche photodide to believe
Number.Different non linear optical signals can be obtained with the strong of top-gated pole tension using different exciting lights and optically filtering piece
Degree variation.
Harmonic signal when Fig. 3 is illustrated using the femtosecond laser that wavelength is 1300nm as exciting light, and make
Subtraction four-wave mixing signal when using wavelength for the femtosecond laser of 1040 nm and 1300 nm as exciting light（Wavelength is 867nm）
Intensity with graphene chemical potential variation.As shown in figure 3, harmonic signal and four-wave mixing signal all can be by graphenes
The notable regulation and control of chemical potential, and the two is different with the variation tendency of graphene chemical potential.Fig. 3 shows harmonic signal in graphite
It can be enhanced when alkene chemical potential cutoff resonant transition channel（Turn off effect）, and ought further adjust graphene chemistry
It can be further enhanced when gesture is close to other resonant transition channels（Resonance effects）.At the same time, subtraction four-wave mixing signal is in stone
Can greatly it weaken when black alkene chemical potential cutoff resonant transition channel.
It should be pointed out that in the present embodiment, due to the use of exciting light photon energy it is larger therefore corresponding in order to turn off
Resonant transition channel needs to adjust graphene chemical potential on a large scale, so used ionic gel as dielectric substance, but
The dielectric substance that can be selected is not limited in ionic gel, such as when the exciting light photon energy used is smaller, can be with
The regulation and control to graphene nonlinear optical response are realized using other dielectric substances.
Embodiment 2
Same as Example 1, difference lies in use 45 degree of oblique injection devices shown in Fig. 4 to excite the second order of graphene device non-
Linear optics effect.The intensity that Fig. 5 illustrates second order nonlinear optical effect in the present embodiment is regulated and controled by graphene chemical potential
When variation.Fig. 5 illustrates that the second-harmonic generation in graphene equally can be by the notable regulation and control of graphene chemical potential, in stone
It can be enhanced when black alkene chemical potential cutoff resonant transition channel.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention may be used also on the basis of the above description for those of ordinary skill in the art
To make other variations or changes in different ways, all embodiments can not be exhaustive here, it is every to belong to this hair
Row of the obvious changes or variations that bright technical solution is extended out still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the electricity of graphene nonlinear optical effect a kind of regulates and controls method, which is characterized in that using field-effect to graphene into
Row electricity is adulterated, that is, utilizes the field-effect of gate electrode, carrier is injected for single-layer graphene, to adjust the chemistry of graphene
Gesture, to open or turn off the resonant transition channel of nonlinear optical process in graphene and influence nonlinear optical response
Intensity, effectively to excite and regulate and control the nonlinear optical effect of graphene.
2. the electricity of graphene nonlinear optical effect according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, which is characterized in that pass through tune
There is shutdown effect and resonance effects to close to before and after the corresponding energy in resonant transition channel, making it in arthrolith ink alkene chemical potential；Its
Middle shutdown effect refer to graphene nonlinear effect intensity in graphene chemical potential close to the corresponding energy in resonant transition channel
The step-like increase or reduction of front and back appearance, resonance effects refers to the intensity of graphene nonlinear effect in graphene chemistry
Enhanced when gesture is near the corresponding energy in resonant transition channel.
3. the electricity of graphene nonlinear optical effect according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, which is characterized in that pass through tune
Arthrolith ink alkene chemical potential, can regulate and control the third-order nonlinear optical effect and second order nonlinear optical effect in graphene；Its
In, third-order nonlinear optical effect includes triple-frequency harmonics process, Kerr effect and four-wave mixing process, second nonlinear optic
Effect includes second harmonic process, and and frequency and difference frequency process.
4. the electricity of graphene nonlinear optical effect according to claim 1 regulates and controls method, which is characterized in that exciting
In light path, using normal incidence or oblique incidence exciting light, graphene third-order nonlinear optical effect is excited；It is excited using oblique incidence
Light excites graphene second order nonlinear optical effect.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110600538A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-12-20 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Application of ionic gel in graphene transfer and preparation of graphene transistor, graphene transistor and preparation method thereof |
| CN112255173A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-22 | 北京大学 | All-optical regulation and control method and device for graphene nonlinear optical effect |
| CN113063706A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-02 | 重庆大学 | Device and method for measuring average mobility of liquid dielectric medium carriers |
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| CN104871294A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-08-26 | 英派尔科技开发有限公司 | Defect detection in saturable absorbers |
| CN105399074A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-16 | 华南理工大学 | Graphene nanoribbon and synthesis method and application thereof |
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| CN104871294A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-08-26 | 英派尔科技开发有限公司 | Defect detection in saturable absorbers |
| CN105518519A (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2016-04-20 | 麻省理工学院 | Optical modulator from standard fabrication processing |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110600538A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-12-20 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Application of ionic gel in graphene transfer and preparation of graphene transistor, graphene transistor and preparation method thereof |
| CN110600538B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2023-05-09 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Application of ionic gel in graphene transfer and preparation of graphene transistor, graphene transistor and preparation method of graphene transistor |
| CN112255173A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-22 | 北京大学 | All-optical regulation and control method and device for graphene nonlinear optical effect |
| CN112255173B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-02-01 | 北京大学 | All-optical regulation and control method and device for graphene nonlinear optical effect |
| CN113063706A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-07-02 | 重庆大学 | Device and method for measuring average mobility of liquid dielectric medium carriers |
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| CN108803195B (en) | 2020-07-28 |
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