CN108802990A - A kind of microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom and its design method - Google Patents
A kind of microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom and its design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108802990A CN108802990A CN201810539119.4A CN201810539119A CN108802990A CN 108802990 A CN108802990 A CN 108802990A CN 201810539119 A CN201810539119 A CN 201810539119A CN 108802990 A CN108802990 A CN 108802990A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
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- G02B21/025—Objectives with variable magnification
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Abstract
The invention belongs to microscope technology field, provide a kind of microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom and its design method, the design method includes the steps that only realizing that the micro- multiplying power of microstructure changes by adjusting the length between object lens and eyepiece；The microstructure includes objective table and optical texture；The optical texture includes fixed object lens, length telescopic lens cone and fixed eyepiece；The fixed object lens, length telescopic lens cone and fixed eyepiece are sequentially connected；Fixed eyepiece diaphragm and fixed eyepiece eyeglass are equipped in the fixed eyepiece.The present invention solve the prior art multiplying power transformation it is very slow, it is time-consuming and laborious；There are breakpoints among enlargement ratio, it can not achieve and continuous change the problem of multiplying power volume is big, weight is unfavorable for using again etc., the microstructure of the present invention realizes the consecutive variations of microscopical micro- multiplying power by the consecutive variations of the telescopic lens barrel of length, which has the characteristics that multiplying power conversion is fast, light, is conducive to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microscope technology fields, and in particular to a kind of microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom and its design
Method.
Background technology
Traditional light microscope is a kind of optical instrument being made of the combination of a lens or several lens, is the mankind
Into atom-age mark.It is mainly used for amplifying the instrument that small items can be seen as human eye.Microscope is divided
Learn microscope and electron microscope：Light microscope is initiated in the Jansen father and son by Holland in 1590.Present optics is aobvious
Micro mirror can amplify object 1600 times, and the least limit of resolution reaches the 1/2 of wavelength, and domestic length of mechanical tube of microscopic degree is usually
160 millimeters, tube length is immutable.Light microscope usually by eyepiece, object lens, thick accurate burnt spiral, thin accurate burnt spiral, piece pressing clip,
The compositions such as light hole, photochopper, converter, reflective mirror, objective table, handel, lens barrel, microscope base, concentrator, diaphragm.It can will be upper
It states component and is roughly divided into opticator, lighting part and mechanical part.Opticator is the most key, it is by eyepiece and object lens
Composition.
Traditional light microscope main body is lens barrel, and object lens and eyepiece are assembled in the both ends of lens barrel respectively；And object lens usually fill
On the disk that one is mirror bowl, mirror bowl mounted in lens barrel one end on, on mirror bowl equipped with 4-5 different multiples object lens such as 10x,
20x, 40x, 100x etc. make different object lens be respectively aligned to lens barrel, realize the transformation of multiplying power by revolving mirror bowl；And eyepiece is by mirror
The other end of cylinder, which is inserted into, to be used；Eyepiece is also configured with the eyepiece such as 10x, 12.5x, 15x, 20x etc. of multiple and different multiplying powers；It uses
When, object lens are selected by mirror bowl, match eyepiece as needed, if object lens select 20x, eyepiece selects the 15x, general times to be：20 × 15=
300x；To which, conventional microscope achievees the purpose that multiplying power is converted by being used cooperatively for object lens on mirror bowl and eyepiece.
And use aforesaid way that there is following defect：1, the multiplying power of object lens and eyepiece is fixed, and when use needs user
The combination of multiplying power the selection object lens and eyepiece of rationally estimation amplification, or even need repeatedly to attempt repeatedly combination, it is suitable just to choose
Multiplying power, multiplying power transformation it is very slow, need rely on operator use experience, it is time-consuming and laborious；2, due to the quantity of object lens and eyepiece
It is limited, therefore a variety of common enlargement ratios are both used, to the enlargement ratio after object lens and eyepiece are applied in combination
Centre can not achieve continuous change multiplying power there are breakpoint；3, in order to there are more multiplying powers it can be selected that being needed on mirror bowl
Multiple object lens are set, and the quantity of eyepiece is also very much, to which there are many traditional light microscope parts, volume is big, weight weight
It is unfavorable for using.
Invention content
In order to solve the above problem of the existing technology at least one of, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of continuous
The microscopical microstructure of zoom and its design method.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of microscopical microstructural design method of continuous zoom, including only by adjusting between object lens and eyepiece
Length realizes the step of micro- multiplying power of microstructure changes.
Further, the microscopical microstructural design method of a kind of continuous zoom further includes adjusting observation object to object
The distance of mirror be more clear picture the step of.
Further, the length in the design method between object lens and eyepiece is L, observes the distance between object and object lens
It is constrained by following formula for l, L and l：
In formula, f is objective focal length.
Further, in the design method microstructural micro- multiplying power change, constrained by following formula：
In formula, X is microstructural micro- multiplying power, and M is the enlargement ratio of eyepiece, and f is objective focal length.
A kind of microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom, including objective table and optical texture；The optical texture includes solid
Earnest mirror, length telescopic lens cone and fixed eyepiece；The fixed object lens, length telescopic lens cone and fixed eyepiece connect successively
It connects；Fixed eyepiece diaphragm and fixed eyepiece eyeglass are equipped in the fixed eyepiece, the objective table is at a distance from fixed object lens
The length of l, the length telescopic lens cone are L, and length telescopic lens cone changes the size of L by stretching；The L and l by
Following formula constraints：
In formula, f is objective focal length；
The enlargement ratio of the eyepiece is M, and the microstructural micro- multiplying power is X, and the micro- multiplying power X is by following public affairs
Formula constrains：
Further, the length telescopic lens cone includes first sleeve and the second casing；One end of the first sleeve
With stretch into the second casing and be slidably connected with the second internal surface of sleeve pipe.
Further, the microscopical microstructure of the continuous zoom, the objective table pass through mechanical arm and optics knot
Structure connects；The mechanical arm is connected with microcontroller, and the microcontroller controls optical texture at a distance from objective table by mechanical arm；
Be respectively equipped with electric pushrod on the both sides of second casing, the telescopic end of electric pushrod pass through connector and first sleeve one
End is fixedly connected；The electric pushrod is connect with microcontroller, and microcontroller controls length telescopic lens cone by controlling electric pushrod
Length.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：A kind of microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom and its design method of the present invention,
It is very slow to solve the transformation of prior art multiplying power, it is time-consuming and laborious；There are breakpoint among enlargement ratio, continuous change multiplying power can not achieve
The problem of volume is big, weight is unfavorable for using again etc., the continuous change that microstructure of the invention passes through the telescopic lens barrel of length
Changing realizes the consecutive variations of microscopical micro- multiplying power, the microstructure have multiplying power convert it is fast, light, conducive to the spy used
Point.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the microscopical structural schematic diagram of existing single object lens and monocular instrumnent.
Fig. 2 is the microscopical principle schematic of existing Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the existing microscopical structural schematic diagram with mirror bowl.
Fig. 4 is the microscopical principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the principle schematic of the low power state of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the principle schematic of times state in Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is the principle schematic of the high power state of Fig. 4.
The structural schematic diagram of the length telescopic lens cone of Fig. 8 embodiments 2.
In figure：The mono- object lens of 1-；2- monocular instrumnents；3- diaphragms；4- lens；5- lens barrels；The more lens barrels of 6-, 7- are replaceable
Eyepiece；8- mirror bowls；9- object lens A；10- object lens B；11- object lens C；12- observes object；13- fixes object lens；14- fixed eyepiece diaphragms；
15- fixed eyepiece eyeglasses, 16- fixed eyepieces；17- first sleeves, the second casings of 18-, 19- electric pushrods, 20- connectors.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment does further explaination to the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment provides a kind of microscopical microstructural design methods of continuous zoom, including only by adjusting object lens
The step of change to realize multiplying power of length between eyepiece.
The design method overcomes that the transformation of existing microscope multiplying power is very slow, needs the use experience for relying on operator, takes
When it is laborious, can not achieve it is continuous change multiplying power, the quantity of eyepiece and object lens is more, existing microscope parts are more, volume greatly, again
Amount is unfavorable for the problem of using again etc..It is described further below.
Existing microscopical structure and principle, as shown in Figs. 1-3.It is as shown in Figure 1, it is existing have monocular instrumnent and
The microscope of single object lens；Single object lens 1 are screwed in the left side of lens barrel 5 by screw thread, and monocular instrumnent 2 is inserted into lens barrel by way of grafting
Right side, the lens 4 of the diaphragm 3 and certain multiplying power that are used as diaphragm, this kind of microscopical mirror are integrated on monocular instrumnent 2
Tube length degree is constant, by replacing realizing for single object lens and monocular instrumnent when needing to change multiplying power；Its light channel structure is as shown in Figure 2.
Single object lens 1 are positive lens, and focal length f, observing object is l at a distance from single object lens, and image formula is：
F is objective focal length；L is object distance, i.e. the distance of observing object to object lens；L is image distance, i.e., observing object projection away from
From.
Object lens magnification is：
β is amplification factor.
Due to maximum amplification to be obtained, l is less than f very close to f.That is l ≈ f, thus, obtain following object lens
The approximate formula of amplification factor：
To which the amplification factor of existing list object lens can be calculated using above-mentioned formula (3).
As shown in Figure 3, it is generally the case that existing microscope is equipped with mirror bowl, and 3-5 object lens, this reality are housed on mirror bowl
It applies and 3 object lens, i.e. object lens A9, object lens B10 and object lens C11 is housed on the mirror bowl of example；By revolving mirror bowl 8 by the object of different multiplying
Mirror is directed at the replacement that more lens barrels 6 realize object lens.The right end of more lens barrels 6 assembles replaceable eyepiece 7.Due to existing aobvious
Micro mirror realizes that adjustment multiplying power is very cumbersome by object lens and eyepiece combination, needs to attempt repeatedly to can be only achieved ideal
Enlargement ratio, existing microscope use for convenience, and optical tube length has all been carried out unified regular length.
It is objective focal length according to formula (3) f, because tube length L is unified, as long as we adjust the focal length f of object lens, so that it may with
The object lens magnifying glass enlargement ratio needed, what the focal length f of each object lens was to determine, by rotating mirror bowl, lens barrel is right respectively
The object lens of quasi- different multiples, such as 10x, 20x, 40x, 100x；Switch the eyepiece of different multiples again, so that it may to obtain microscope most
Whole amplification factor, because existing microscope magnification is multiplied by eyepiece amplification factor equal to object lens magnification.Such as object lens
Select 20x, eyepiece selects the 15x, general times to be：20 × 15=300x；Microcobjective is positive lens, and by certain distance L, object is put
Greatly to (tube length) at diaphragm, and eyepiece is exactly then a magnifying glass (positive lens), it can amplify the picture at diaphragm again.It is different
Focal length, different enlargement ratios can be obtained.Therefore, in microscope, it can be configured to standard eyepiece, such as 10x, 12.5x, 15x,
20x etc..By mirror bowl select object lens, further according to need match eyepiece.It can be obtained by different multiples.Such as detect blood cell or thin
Bacterium etc..As shown in figure 3, since the general times of amplification are that the amplification factor of eyepiece is multiplied by the amplification factor of object lens, eyepiece and object lens
Limited amount, a combination thereof also must be limited, therefore there are breakpoint among the enlargement ratio after object lens and eyepiece are applied in combination,
It can not achieve continuous change multiplying power；Multiple object lens are provided on mirror bowl, the quantity of eyepiece is also very much, to zero, the microscope
There are many part, volume is big, weight is unfavorable for using again.
The microscopical microstructural design method of continuous zoom of the present embodiment, including only by adjusting object lens and eyepiece
Between change of the length (i.e. the length of lens barrel) to realize multiplying power the step of.According to above-mentioned steps；It is aobvious in design continuous zoom
It is to change image-forming range by a positive lens object lens, obtain different enlargement ratios when micro mirror, it is fixed using one
Eyepiece amplifies, and obtains microscopic image, and entire movable part, is only tube length.A kind of feasible structure is as shown in figure 4, from left to right
It is followed successively by observation object 12, fixed object lens 13, length telescopic lens cone, fixed eyepiece diaphragm 14 and fixed eyepiece eyeglass 15；It is fixed
Ocular blind and fixed eyepiece eyeglass can be integrated into a fixed eyepiece, the length between fixed object lens 13 and fixed eyepiece diaphragm
That is the length of lens barrel, the scalable variation of the length are image distance L, and the distance between fixed object lens 13 and observation object 12 are object distance；Picture
Variation away from L and object distance, by the constraint of formula (4), the entire microscopical microstructural micro- multiplying power X is by formula
(6) constraint, to form the microscopical nuclear structure of continuous zoom.Maximum with traditional microstructure is not both object lens and mesh
Mirror is that must replace.This just greatly simplified structure, reduce the operating time.It is converted between multiplying power also very fast.
Concrete principle is as shown in figs. 4-7.Object lens are consistent with the object lens of the prior art in the design method of the present embodiment, because
This, the amplification factor of the object lens in the design method of the present embodiment is also suitable formula (3), this is not repeated.
According to formula (3), eyepiece and object lens in the design method of the present embodiment are fixed, and object lens are selected, and focal length f is also true
It is fixed.Therefore f is that definite value can be obtained the final amplification factor of object lens according to formula (3) to adjust the corresponding sizes of L
β.Microscope magnification in the design method of the present embodiment is multiplied by eyepiece amplification factor equal to object lens magnification.
The method for comparing conventional microscope and the present embodiment, for example, being transformed into 400x from 600x：Conventional microscope is in
When 600x is observed, eyepiece selects 15x eyepieces, and object lens select 40x object lens.Tube length is 160mm；When its enlargement ratio of conversion
When, tube length 160mm can not possibly change.Object lens can be kept constant, 15x eyepieces are removed, change the eyepiece of 10x, multiplying power is at this time
400x；When the method for the present embodiment uses eyepiece to change multiplying power for 15x, do not change the multiplying power of eyepiece or object lens, only changes tube length L
Distance be 151.25mm, when, object lens 40x, at this time micro- multiple be：15 × 40=600x, 600 times are the microscopical mark of biology
Quasi- multiple；Using the method for the present embodiment, multiple is reduced, such as selects L=47.93mm, object lens magnification is 25x at this time；Always
Multiple is：15 × 25=375x；The multiple is the multiple of school microscope (school microscope is usually 400 times or so)；If L is again
It is long, 1000 times of amplification factor is can reach, the microscopical use scope of medical biotechnology is can reach.Specific comparison refers to the following table 1.
The microstructure contrast table 1 of traditional microstructure and the present embodiment
As shown in table 1.The microscope of the present embodiment and the most important difference of conventional microscope are：Conventional microscope is
By replacing eyepiece and object lens, to realize different micro- multiplying powers.And the present invention does not change eyepiece and object lens then, but it is only logical
The length for crossing adjustment lens barrel, to change the magnifying power of object lens, to realize different micro- multiplying powers.The length of lens barrel is can be with
Continuous and adjustable, thus, the multiplying power variation of object lens is also continuous.Correspondingly, microscopical multiplying power variation is also continuous.Only
It need to set lens barrel to the consecutive variations of the multiplying power that object lens can be realized of continuous and adjustable.
Further, the microscopical microstructural design method of continuous zoom of the invention further includes adjusting observation object to arrive
The distance of object lens be more clear picture the step of.
The picture being more clear in order to obtain, according to formula (1), f is fixed, and image distance L has changed (optical tube length), then object distance
L will also do corresponding variation, can just obtain clearly as focusing.Because objective focal length f is changeless, and image distance (cylinder
It is long) L once it is determined that, object lens l is also determined that.Formula (1) deformation is obtained into following formula：
To in the design method of the present embodiment, in the case where micro objective is changed without (focal length f is fixed), choose
Different image distance L can form different micro- multiplying powers.Meanwhile object distance l also can be with the difference of L, and change.According to public affairs
Formula (4) can make calculated value identical as the focal length of object lens, to keep being imaged it is found that adjust the distance of l with the variation of L
Clearly.
Further, the length in the design method between object lens and eyepiece is L, observes the distance between object and object lens
It is constrained by following formula for l, L and l：
In formula, f is objective focal length.
Further, in the design method microstructural micro- multiplying power change, constrained by following formula：
In formula, X is microstructural micro- multiplying power, and M is the enlargement ratio of eyepiece, and f is objective focal length.
Formula (4) is substituted into formula (3) and obtains formula：
At this point, entire microstructural micro- multiplying power X, which is object lens enlargement ratio β, is multiplied by eyepiece enlargement ratio M, i.e.,：
In the case where magnification of eyepiece M and object distance focal length f are to determine, unique variable is exactly tube length (object distance) L.It is novel
Microscopical micro- multiplying power X changes with tube length (object distance).To be obtained while meeting enlargement ratio according to aforesaid way
To relatively sharp picture.
As illustrated in figs. 5-7, this gives low power state in the present embodiment Microstructure Design method, in times shape
State, the corresponding schematic diagram of high power state.According to above-mentioned formula (6), low power state in the design method of the present embodiment, in times shape
State, high power state schematic diagram as illustrated in figs. 5-7, l1 in Fig. 5-7>l2>L3, L1>L2>L3；By l1, L1；L2, L2；And l3,
L3；Bring into respectively formula (6) can obtain corresponding low power state, in times state, high power state enlargement ratio.It can from figure
Go out, increase with microscope multiplying power, object lens image distance (tube length) L is increased, and object lens object distance l increases with micro- multiplying power and reduced.
To, using the present embodiment design method can under conditions of keeping image clearly, may be implemented low power state, in times shape
The enlargement ratio of state, high power state meets the needs of teaching and biology.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of the design method of embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom,
Including objective table and optical texture；The optical texture includes fixed object lens 13, length telescopic lens cone and fixed eyepiece 16；Institute
Fixed object lens, length telescopic lens cone and fixed eyepiece is stated to be sequentially connected；Fixed eyepiece diaphragm 14 is equipped in the fixed eyepiece
With fixed eyepiece eyeglass 15, the objective table 21 is l at a distance from fixed object lens, and the length of the length telescopic lens cone is L,
Length telescopic lens cone changes the size of L by stretching；The L and l is constrained by following formula：
In formula, f is objective focal length；
The enlargement ratio of the eyepiece is M, and the microstructural micro- multiplying power is X, and the micro- multiplying power X is by following public affairs
Formula constrains：
Based on this, the microstructure of the present embodiment has the following advantages compared with prior art, see the table below 2.
The microstructure of conventional microscope and the microscopical microstructure contrast table 2 of the present embodiment
It should be noted that the present invention microstructural design method and microstructure can also be equipped with multiple eyepieces or
Multiple object lens carry out spare replacement.
Existing stretching structure, which can be used, in length telescopic lens cone in the microstructure of the present embodiment can also use phase
The control electronics answered control the flexible of length telescopic lens cone；Object distance l can be by adjusting observation object 12 and fixed object lens
The distance between 13 realize.
Further, the length telescopic lens cone includes first sleeve 17 and the second casing 18；The first sleeve 17
One end with stretch into the second casing 18 and be slidably connected with the second internal surface of sleeve pipe.
Further, the microscopical microstructure of the continuous zoom, the objective table pass through mechanical arm and optics knot
Structure connects；The mechanical arm is connected with microcontroller, and the microcontroller controls the fixation object lens and load of optical texture by mechanical arm
The distance of object platform；Electric pushrod 19 is respectively equipped on the both sides of second casing, the telescopic end of electric pushrod passes through connector
20 are fixedly connected with one end of first sleeve 17；The electric pushrod is connect with microcontroller, and microcontroller is by controlling electric pushrod
Control the length of length telescopic lens cone.It is more simple and practical to realize the size of intelligent control L and l.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned optional embodiment, anyone can show that other are each under the inspiration of the present invention
The product of kind form.Above-mentioned specific implementation mode should not be understood the limitation of pairs of protection scope of the present invention, protection of the invention
Range should be subject to be defined in claims, and specification can be used for interpreting the claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of microscopical microstructural design method of continuous zoom, it is characterised in that：Including only by adjusting object lens with
Length between eyepiece realizes the step of micro- multiplying power of microstructure changes.
2. the microscopical microstructural design method of a kind of continuous zoom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Also
It include the steps that the picture for adjusting observation object to the distance of object lens to be more clear.
3. the microscopical microstructural design method of a kind of continuous zoom according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is L to state the length in design method between object lens and eyepiece, and observation the distance between object and object lens are l, L and l by following formula
Constraint：
In formula, f is objective focal length.
4. the microscopical microstructural design method of a kind of continuous zoom according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute
The change for stating microstructural micro- multiplying power in design method, is constrained by following formula：
In formula, X is microstructural micro- multiplying power, and M is the enlargement ratio of eyepiece, and f is objective focal length.
5. a kind of microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom, it is characterised in that：Including objective table and optical texture；The optics knot
Structure includes fixed object lens, length telescopic lens cone and fixed eyepiece；The fixed object lens, length telescopic lens cone and fixed eyepiece
It is sequentially connected；Fixed eyepiece diaphragm and fixed eyepiece eyeglass, the objective table and fixed object lens are equipped in the fixed eyepiece
Distance is l, and the length of the length telescopic lens cone is L, and length telescopic lens cone changes the size of L by stretching；The L
It is constrained by following formula with l：
In formula, f is objective focal length；
The enlargement ratio of the eyepiece be M, the microstructural micro- multiplying power be X, the micro- multiplying power X by following formula about
Beam：
6. the microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The length telescopic mirror
Cylinder includes first sleeve and the second casing；It one end of the first sleeve and stretches into the second casing and is slided with the second internal surface of sleeve pipe
Dynamic connection.
7. the microscopical microstructure of continuous zoom according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The objective table passes through machine
Tool arm is connect with optical texture；The mechanical arm is connected with microcontroller, and the microcontroller is controlled by mechanical arm on optical texture
Fixation object lens at a distance from objective table；Electric pushrod is respectively equipped on the both sides of second casing, electric pushrod stretches
End is fixedly connected by connector with one end of first sleeve；The electric pushrod is connect with microcontroller, and microcontroller passes through control
Electric pushrod controls the length of length telescopic lens cone.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113219651A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-06 | 湖北大学 | Straight-barrel type combination design method of miniaturized optical microscope |
| WO2022166358A1 (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-11 | 上海睿钰生物科技有限公司 | Reflection mechanism for microscopic imaging device, and microscopic imaging device and method |
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Application publication date: 20181113 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |