CN108797558B - Soft soil foundation treatment method by controlling secondary consolidation settlement - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soft soil foundation treatment method by controlling secondary consolidation settlement, which is characterized in that the soft soil foundation is treated by drainage consolidation and preloading, and after the preloading period is over, ultra-light materials EPS and a filled pavement structure are unloaded and backfilled; before the foundation treatment design, the original soil sample is obtained at the same time of geological exploration, and a series of conventional secondary consolidation tests and ultra-consolidation soil secondary consolidation tests are carried out to obtain a series of parameters or curves required by the design; when the foundation treatment is designed, besides conventional stability and total settlement calculation, secondary consolidation settlement calculation is carried out, and the thickness of the backfill ultralight material is designed according to the requirement of concrete engineering on post-construction settlement of the foundation. The method can convert the soft clay into the ultra-consolidation soil, thereby reducing the secondary consolidation coefficient of the soft soil, reducing the secondary consolidation settlement of the soft soil layer and achieving the purpose of controlling the post-construction settlement of the structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a soft soil foundation treatment method by controlling secondary consolidation settlement.
Background
Soft soil, also called soft clay, is a short term for soft and weakly sticky soil, is formed in the advanced stage of the quaternary period, belongs to sticky sediments or fluvial sediments of sea facies, lake facies, valley facies, lake and marsh facies, drowning facies, delta facies and the like, and is mostly distributed in coastal areas, middle and lower reaches of rivers or areas near lakes. Common soft and weak viscous soil is silt and mucky soil, the soft clay foundation has low bearing capacity, slow strength increase, easy and uneven deformation after loading, large deformation rate and long stabilization time, and has the characteristics of small permeability, thixotropy and rheological property. Common soft soil foundation treatment methods include a pre-pressing method, a replacement method, a stirring method and the like, the strength of soft clay under the action of load can be increased, and the shear strength of soil can be increased along with the dissipation of pore water pressure and the consolidation of a soil layer of a saturated soft clay foundation under the action of external load.
With the development of economic construction and coastal areas in China, large-scale engineering construction is continuously developed, more and more soft soil engineering is involved, the engineering quantity is larger and larger, and the secondary consolidation settlement of the soft soil foundation which is not important for the engineering field in the past becomes a problem which must be important. The secondary consolidation settlement of the soft soil generally refers to the long-term deformation of the soil body under the action of constant effective stress due to the creep of the soil framework after the main consolidation is finished, namely, the settlement generated by the long-term slow creep of the solid framework of the soil under the condition that the foundation is subjected to the external load for a long time and the excess pore water pressure in the soil body is completely dissipated, and the effective stress is not changed, the numerical value of the secondary consolidation settlement in the soil is very small, but the secondary consolidation settlement is not negligible for thick-layer soft clay containing organic matters.
At present, the safety and stability of construction period in engineering practice can be effectively ensured, but the phenomenon of overlarge post-construction settlement still exists, and the main reason is that the secondary consolidation compression amount is overlarge or the post-construction compression amount of a lower soft soil layer is overlarge to cause overlarge post-construction settlement, so that the conditions of pavement cracking, bridge head bumping, building cracking or inclination and the like occur.
In order to control the secondary consolidation settlement (post-construction settlement) of the soft soil foundation, a method of drainage consolidation and overload prepressing is usually adopted in engineering, the secondary consolidation settlement is controlled by increasing the prepressing load or prolonging the prepressing time, but the method usually adopts an empirical coefficient method to calculate the total settlement and the post-construction settlement, a soft soil secondary consolidation test and secondary consolidation settlement calculation are not carried out, so that the post-construction settlement of the actual engineering is greatly different from the calculated value, and the post-construction settlement cannot be controlled; meanwhile, the overload capacity is limited by the stability of the foundation, the overload ratio is often small (generally not more than 1.3), and the effect is not obvious.
At present, aiming at the improvement of a soft soil foundation treatment method of prepressing drainage consolidation, for example, the Chinese patent technology with the publication number of CN106049413 discharges pore water through a vacuum drainage structure by a dynamic compaction method; CN104110025, a Chinese patent technology, which adopts the combination of a soft soil inner pipeline and a plastic drainage plate, and discharges pore water by vacuum pumping; the Chinese patent technology with the publication number of CN107916662 accelerates the consolidation drainage rate of the soft soil foundation by regional layering and the like, and simplifies the construction process; the chinese patent publication No. CN107916662 controls secondary consolidation settlement by a series of construction methods such as reinforcement and slurry injection. Although these methods continuously improve the pre-pressing drainage effect and reduce the secondary consolidation settlement to some extent, none of them quantitatively control the secondary consolidation settlement, and the actual effect is not significant.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a soft soil foundation treatment method by controlling secondary consolidation settlement, which can perform a quantitative design on different requirements of settlement after foundation construction.
A soft foundation treatment method by controlling secondary consolidation settlement comprises the steps of calculating the post-construction settlement amount of a soft foundation in a normal consolidation state through an undisturbed soil indoor test, and treating the soft foundation by adopting an ultra-consolidation method if the post-construction settlement amount is larger than the post-construction settlement requirement of an actual project on the soft foundation, wherein the ultra-consolidation method comprises the steps of carrying out drainage consolidation and preloading treatment on the soft foundation, unloading and backfilling a light material and filling a road surface structure (or a structure such as a dam) after the preloading period is full. The super-consolidation method can convert soft clay into super-consolidated soil, thereby reducing the secondary consolidation coefficient of soft soil, reducing the secondary consolidation settlement of soft soil layer and achieving the purpose of controlling the post-construction settlement of the structure.
Further, the concrete process of calculating the settlement of the soft soil foundation after construction in the normal consolidation state through the undisturbed soil indoor test is as follows: firstly, geological exploration is carried out in an engineering area, and an undisturbed soft soil sample is obtained by using a thin-wall soil sampler; then, making the collected soil sample into a sample, and performing a one-dimensional secondary consolidation test and a conventional geotechnical test in a normal consolidation state to obtain an undisturbed soil secondary consolidation coefficient and a conventional geotechnical parameter of each soil layer of the soft soil foundation; and finally, calculating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer according to the secondary consolidation coefficient of the undisturbed soil, accumulating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer to obtain the post-construction settlement of the soft soil foundation in a normal consolidation state, and calculating the main consolidation settlement of the soft soil foundation. Through undisturbed soil indoor tests, the secondary consolidation coefficient and the conventional geotechnical parameters of soft soil can be accurately obtained, so that the secondary consolidation settlement and the main consolidation settlement can be accurately estimated.
When the foundation treatment is designed, besides conventional main consolidation settlement calculation and stability calculation, secondary consolidation settlement calculation is carried out, and the thickness of the backfill ultra-light material is designed according to the requirements of concrete engineering on post-construction settlement of the foundation.
Further, the undisturbed soil secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer is obtained through the following formula:
wherein: original soil secondary consolidation coefficient C for any soil layerα，t1～t2Selected secondary consolidation attack time, e, for the test1And e2Respectively the secondary consolidation pore ratio corresponding to the secondary consolidation beginning time of the soil layer.
Further, calculating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer by the following formula:
wherein: for any soil layer, the secondary consolidation settlement s, H is the thickness of the soil layer, CαIs the original soil secondary consolidation coefficient, t, of the soil layer1～t2Selected secondary consolidation attack time, e, for the test0The porosity of the soil layer when the consolidation degree reaches 100 percent.
Further, the ultra-consolidation method carries out preloading on the soft soil foundation, the light materials are unloaded and backfilled when the consolidation degree of the foundation reaches 100%, and the filling thickness of the light materials is determined by the settlement requirement of the actual engineering on the soft soil foundation after construction. When the foundation consolidation degree reaches 100%, the settlement after foundation construction is equal to the settlement of secondary consolidation.
Further, the filling thickness of the light material is determined by the following steps in the design process of soft soil foundation treatment by adopting a super-consolidation method:
(1) preparing a soft soil sample into a test sample, and performing one-dimensional secondary consolidation tests in different super-consolidation states to fit a curve of the change of the secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer of the soft soil foundation along with the super-consolidation ratio;
(2) selecting a plurality of groups of different overload ratios, calculating additional stress and dead weight stress before and after unloading of each soil layer under different overload ratio load pre-pressing, and calculating the super consolidation ratio of each soil layer under different overload ratios according to the additional stress and the dead weight stress;
(3) determining the secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer under different overload ratios according to the variation curve of the secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer along with the super consolidation ratio, further calculating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer under different overload ratios according to the secondary consolidation coefficient, and accumulating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer to obtain the post-construction settlement of the soft soil foundation under different overload ratios;
(4) and drawing a change curve of the soft soil foundation settlement after construction along with the overload ratio, selecting the corresponding overload ratio according to the settlement requirement of the actual engineering on the soft soil foundation after construction, and calculating and determining the filling thickness of the light material according to the selected overload ratio.
Further, in the step (2), the super-consolidation ratio of each soil layer under different overload ratios is calculated through the following formula:
wherein: super consolidation ratio OCR, sigma for any soil layer i under any overload ratio OCL0Is the dead weight stress of the soil layer i under the overload ratio OCL, sigma1For additional stress, σ, of the loaded soil layer i at the overload ratio OCL2For additional stress of the unloaded soil layer i under the overload ratio OCL.
Further, in the step (4), the filling thickness of the light material is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: h is filling thickness, OCL is overload ratio, gamma is soil mass weight, gammaESPHeavy weight of light material, H0The design height of the embankment.
Further, the light material adopts an EPS (polystyrene foam) foam plastic block body which is an ultra-light material; because the EPS foam plastic block is light in weight, the volume weight of the EPS foam plastic block is about 1 percent of the volume weight of soil. Therefore, the overload ratio can be greatly improved to be more than 1.3, the super-consolidation ratio of the soil body is increased, and the secondary consolidation settlement is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method can accurately estimate the secondary consolidation settlement (post-construction settlement) of the foundation and effectively control the post-construction settlement.
(2) The invention can make the overload ratio more than 1.3 without the limit of the stability of the foundation.
(3) The invention can carry out quantitative design according to different requirements of the structure on the foundation post-construction settlement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for determining the backfill thickness of the light material based on the ultra-consolidation method.
FIG. 2 is a graph of e-lgt for the secondary consolidation test.
FIG. 3 is a graph of a fit of a secondary consolidation coefficient to a super consolidation ratio.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the stress expression during the calculation of the super consolidation ratio.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the fit of sub-consolidation settlement to overload ratio.
Detailed Description
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, the following detailed description is provided for the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
The core idea of the invention is that: before the foundation treatment design, original-state soil samples are obtained simultaneously in geological exploration, and a series of conventional secondary consolidation tests and ultra-consolidation tests are carried out to obtain original-state soil secondary consolidation coefficients, conventional geotechnical parameters and ultra-consolidation test curves; when the foundation treatment is designed, besides conventional stabilization and main consolidation settlement calculation, secondary consolidation settlement (post-construction settlement) calculation is carried out, and quantitative design is carried out according to the requirements of concrete engineering on the post-construction settlement of the foundation.
The soft soil foundation treatment method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the original state soil sample is obtained simultaneously in geological exploration, a series of conventional secondary consolidation tests and conventional soil tests are carried out, and secondary consolidation coefficients and conventional soil parameters of soft soil can be accurately obtained through the indoor tests of the original state soil, so that secondary consolidation settlement and main consolidation settlement can be accurately estimated.
Step two: and calculating the post-construction settlement of the soft soil foundation in the normal consolidation state through an undisturbed soil indoor test.
Firstly, determining the layering of a soft soil foundation, performing geological exploration in an engineering area, and acquiring an original soft soil sample of each layer of soil by using a thin-wall soil sampler; and then preparing the collected soil sample into a sample, and performing a one-dimensional consolidation test and a conventional geotechnical test in a normal consolidation state. The one-dimensional secondary consolidation test is carried out by loading samples in a grading way according to the requirements of the consolidation test in 'geotechnical test method standard', the height change of the samples is measured and recorded according to the time sequence, namely the change height of the samples at each instant moment is recorded after each grade of load is applied, and the next grade of load is applied after the load is stabilized for 48 hours; and obtaining a one-dimensional consolidation test e-lgt curve under each level of load, and finishing to obtain the original soil consolidation coefficient of each soil layer.
A large amount of test data show that the e-lgt curve presents an S shape, fig. 2 shows the indoor one-dimensional consolidation test result, and the test rule shows that the second half section of the recurved point is a secondary consolidation stage, and the slope is a secondary consolidation coefficient. Calculating by using a formula (1) to obtain an undisturbed soil secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer of the soft soil foundation; and finally, calculating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer according to the formula (2), and accumulating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer to obtain the total secondary consolidation settlement of the soft soil foundation in the normal consolidation state.
In the formula: cαIs the secondary consolidation coefficient, t1～t2The secondary consolidated origin time, e, taken in the test1And e2Respectively, the secondary consolidation pore ratio corresponding to the secondary consolidation origin-destination time.
In the formula: siThe secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer, HiFor the thickness of each layer, the index i denotes the i-th layer, e0The porosity is the ratio of pores at 100% consolidation.
Step three: if the post-construction settlement of the soft soil foundation is greater than the post-construction settlement requirement of the actual engineering on the soft soil foundation, the soft soil foundation is treated by adopting an ultra-consolidation method, the ultra-consolidation method is that the soft soil foundation is treated by drainage consolidation and preloading, and after the pre-compaction period is over, ultra-light materials and structures such as dams are unloaded and backfilled.
The super-consolidation method can convert soft clay into super-consolidated soil, thereby reducing the secondary consolidation coefficient of soft soil, reducing the secondary consolidation settlement of soft soil layer and achieving the purpose of controlling the post-construction settlement of the structure. The ultra-consolidation method needs to carry out preloading on the soft soil foundation, the stability of the embankment needs to be ensured during the preloading, the light material is unloaded and backfilled when the consolidation degree of the foundation reaches more than 100 percent through preloading, and the filling thickness of the light material is determined by the settlement requirement of the soft soil foundation after construction of actual engineering.
The light material in the embodiment adopts an EPS (polystyrene foam) foam plastic block body which is an ultra-light material, and because the weight of the EPS foam plastic block body is very light, the volume weight of the EPS foam plastic block body is about 1% of the volume weight of soil; therefore, the overload ratio can be greatly improved to be more than 1.3, the super-consolidation ratio of the soil body is increased, and the secondary consolidation settlement is reduced.
Step four: the filling thickness of the light material is determined by the following steps in the design process of treating the soft soil foundation by adopting an ultra-consolidation method, as shown in figure 1:
4.1 the soft soil sample is made into a sample and a one-dimensional secondary consolidation test is carried out under different super consolidation states, and a curve of the change of the secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer of the soft soil foundation along with the super consolidation ratio is fitted, as shown in figure 3.
4.2 selecting several groups of different overload ratios, looking up an additional stress coefficient table according to the type and the size of the stacked load, calculating the additional stress and the self-weight stress of each soil layer before and after the soil layer is unloaded under different overload ratio load pre-pressing forces, and calculating the super-consolidation ratio of each soil layer under different overload ratios according to a formula (3), wherein the expression meanings of the stresses are shown in figure 4.
In the formula: sigma0Is the self-weight stress of the soil body, sigma1For additional stress of the loaded soil mass, sigma2For additional stress of the soil mass after unloading.
4.3 determining the secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer according to the super-consolidation ratio of each soil layer under different overload ratios, further calculating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer under different overload ratios according to the secondary consolidation coefficient, and accumulating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer to obtain the post-construction settlement of the soft soil foundation under different overload ratios.
4.4, drawing a curve of the soft soil foundation settlement after construction along with the change of the overload ratio, as shown in fig. 5, selecting the corresponding overload ratio according to the settlement requirement of the actual engineering on the soft soil foundation after construction, and further calculating and determining the filling thickness of the light material according to the selected overload ratio. When the replacement and filling are considered, the overload ratio OCL is defined as the ratio of the load in the overload pre-compression state, namely the loaded load to the used load of the road bed after the replacement. Taking highway embankment as an example, the design height of the embankment is H0As determined at design time, the overload ratio is defined as:
in the formula: h is the filling thickness, OCL is the overload ratio, gamma is the soil mass weight, gammaESPFor the severity of the ESP refill material, H0The height is designed for the embankment.
The calculation formula of the filling thickness obtained by arranging the above formula is as follows:
different overload ratios correspond to different backfill thicknesses, and as shown in fig. 5, the post-construction settlement is controlled through the different backfill thicknesses.
The embodiments described above are presented to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to the above-described embodiments may be made, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A soft soil foundation treatment method by controlling secondary consolidation settlement is characterized in that: calculating the post-construction settlement of the soft soil foundation in a normal consolidation state through an undisturbed soil indoor test, and if the post-construction settlement is larger than the post-construction settlement requirement of the actual engineering on the soft soil foundation, processing the soft soil foundation by adopting an ultra-consolidation method, wherein the ultra-consolidation method is to perform drainage consolidation and preloading treatment on the soft soil foundation, and unloading and backfilling a light material and filling a pavement structure after the pre-compaction period is full;
the concrete process of calculating the settlement of the soft soil foundation after construction under the normal consolidation state through the undisturbed soil indoor test comprises the following steps: firstly, geological exploration is carried out in an engineering area, and an undisturbed soft soil sample is obtained by using a thin-wall soil sampler; then, making the collected soil sample into a sample, and performing a one-dimensional secondary consolidation test and a conventional geotechnical test in a normal consolidation state to obtain an undisturbed soil secondary consolidation coefficient and a conventional geotechnical parameter of each soil layer of the soft soil foundation; finally, calculating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer according to the secondary consolidation coefficient of the undisturbed soil, and accumulating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer to obtain the post-construction settlement of the soft soil foundation in a normal consolidation state;
the filling thickness of the light material is determined by the following steps in the design process of treating the soft soil foundation by adopting an ultra-consolidation method:
(1) preparing a soft soil sample into a test sample, and performing one-dimensional secondary consolidation tests in different super-consolidation states to fit a curve of the change of the secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer of the soft soil foundation along with the super-consolidation ratio;
(2) selecting a plurality of groups of different overload ratios, calculating additional stress and dead weight stress before and after unloading of each soil layer under different overload ratio load pre-pressing, and calculating the super consolidation ratio of each soil layer under different overload ratios according to the additional stress and the dead weight stress;
(3) determining the secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer under different overload ratios according to the variation curve of the secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer along with the super consolidation ratio, further calculating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer under different overload ratios according to the secondary consolidation coefficient, and accumulating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer to obtain the post-construction settlement of the soft soil foundation under different overload ratios;
(4) and drawing a change curve of the soft soil foundation settlement after construction along with the overload ratio, selecting the corresponding overload ratio according to the settlement requirement of the actual engineering on the soft soil foundation after construction, and calculating and determining the filling thickness of the light material according to the selected overload ratio.
2. A soft soil foundation treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: calculating and obtaining the undisturbed soil secondary consolidation coefficient of each soil layer by the following formula:
wherein: original soil secondary consolidation coefficient C for any soil layerα，t1～t2Selected secondary consolidation attack time, e, for the test1And e2Respectively the secondary consolidation pore ratio corresponding to the secondary consolidation beginning time of the soil layer.
3. A soft soil foundation treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: calculating the secondary consolidation settlement of each soil layer by the following formula:
wherein: for any soil layer, the secondary consolidation settlement s, H is the thickness of the soil layer, CαIs the original soil secondary consolidation coefficient, t, of the soil layer1～t2Selected secondary consolidation attack time, e, for the test0The porosity of the soil layer when the consolidation degree reaches 100 percent.
4. A soft soil foundation treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: the ultra-consolidation method carries out preloading on the soft soil foundation, the light material is unloaded and backfilled when the consolidation degree of the foundation reaches 100%, and the filling thickness of the light material is determined by the settlement requirement of the actual engineering on the soft soil foundation after construction.
5. A soft soil foundation treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: in the step (2), the ultra-consolidation ratio of each soil layer under different overload ratios is calculated through the following formula:
wherein: super consolidation ratio OCR, sigma for any soil layer i under any overload ratio OCL0Is the dead weight stress of the soil layer i under the overload ratio OCL, sigma1For additional stress, σ, of the loaded soil layer i at the overload ratio OCL2For additional stress of the unloaded soil layer i under the overload ratio OCL.
6. A soft soil foundation treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: in the step (4), the filling thickness of the light material is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: h is filling thickness, OCL is overload ratio, gamma is soil mass weight, gammaESPHeavy weight of light material, H0The design height of the embankment.
7. A soft soil foundation treatment method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: the light material adopts an EPS foam plastic block body which is an ultra-light material.
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