CN108794711B - Technology for repairing organic pesticide soil pollution by polyphenol lignin low-crosslinking polymer - Google Patents
Technology for repairing organic pesticide soil pollution by polyphenol lignin low-crosslinking polymer Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G8/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08G8/28—Chemically modified polycondensates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/044—Elimination of an inorganic solid phase
- C08J2201/0444—Salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08J2361/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
- C08J2361/14—Modified phenol-aldehyde condensates
Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for repairing organic pesticide soil polluted by polyphenol lignin low-density cross-linked polymer, which comprises three steps of preparation of porous phenol lignin low-density cross-linked polymer, granulation and prevention and treatment of positively charged organic pesticide polluted soil. The porous phenolated lignin low-density cross-linked polymer is prepared by taking phenolated lignin as a raw material, adding a pore-forming agent and a formaldehyde aqueous solution, and mixing the porous phenolated lignin low-density cross-linked polymer with auxiliary materials and a bonding auxiliary agent. The porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particles are mixed with soil polluted by pesticides, water is used as leacheate, the pesticide in the soil is transferred to the porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particles by utilizing the characteristic that the porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particles are high in pesticide affinity, and the pollution of the pesticides in the soil to underground water along with rainwater leaching is reduced. Therefore, the preparation is a green and environment-friendly sustainable development process for preventing and treating the pollution of the positively charged organic pesticide, and has strong safety and popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil pollution control, and particularly relates to a technology for repairing organic pesticide soil pollution by using a polyphenol lignin low-crosslinking polymer.
Background
China is a big agricultural country and is also a big country where pesticides are produced and consumed. However, with the use of a large amount of pesticides, the problems of pesticide residue and pollution become increasingly serious, and the pesticide residue and the pollution become one of the important sources of agricultural non-point source pollution. 50-60% of pesticides commonly used by people can form residues in soil, and the pesticides remaining in the soil can pollute atmosphere, surface water and underground water through volatilization, diffusion, migration, conversion and other ways, so that the ecological environment is deteriorated. Meanwhile, pesticide residue in the soil can enter crops through the root system absorption, and potential safety hazards of agricultural products are caused.
China issued soil environmental quality standards in 1995, but the standard organic matter indexes only comprise hexachloro cyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane, so that the soil monitoring is mainly focused on the two pesticides at present. And the national soil environment quality standards of the Netherlands, the United states, Canada and the like also comprise herbicides and other organochlorine pesticide indexes. Herbicides can be classified into selective herbicides and biocidal herbicides according to the mode of action. The biocidal herbicide is few in variety, and accounts for less than 10% of the total number of the herbicide variety, but the product sale amount is very large, and the herbicide plays a very important role in the field of weeding, the glyphosate is the herbicide with the largest global sale amount, and the paraquat is the herbicide with the second global sale amount.
Glyphosate having the molecular formula C3H8NO5P, molecular weight 169.07, chemical name: n-phosphonomethylglycine. It can control 76 kinds of 78 kinds of weeds with the highest harm in the world, and because of its strong weeding performance, glyphosate is used for preventing and killing various weeds in farmland in large quantity, also can be used
Can be used for treating weeds in non-farmland such as gardens, nursery gardens, railways, highways, forests, lakes and the like. At present, glyphosate becomes the pesticide variety with the widest application and the largest use amount in the world, and the annual sale value of glyphosate always ranks first in pesticides.
Paraquat with molecular formula C12H14N2Buffer to 2Cl, molecular weight 257.2, chemical name: 1,1 '-dimethyl-4, 4' -bipyridine dichloride. Is stable in acid and neutral solution, can be decomposed by alkali, is easy to dissolve in water, and is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. Paraquat has the function of blocking the synthesis of plant lipid, has extremely strong destructive effect on chloroplast membranes, influences the photosynthesis of plants, and can cause the death of the plants in severe cases. Has strong destructive effect on green tissues of both single cotyledon and dicotyledon. Paraquat is an organic heterocyclic contact-killing and biocidal highly toxic herbicide and is widely applied due to good weeding effect.
In the last 60 years, ICI company in UK discovered the contact-killing type herbicide for bipyridine stem and leaf treatment for the first time. Are currently being popularized and applied in more than 130 countries. At present, China has become the biggest world producing country of paraquat, and the productivity of paraquat is mainly concentrated in Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang. The paraquat is important and has wide dosage, and besides acting on plants, part of the paraquat flows into rivers and lakes along with rainwater scouring, and researches show that only about 1 percent of herbicide acts on weeding, and the rest of the herbicide is remained in soil and indirectly flows into a water body, so that soil and aquatic organisms are influenced, and the safety of crops and water quality resources is seriously threatened.
Lignin has the advantage of being a carrier for agricultural applications: firstly, lignin is a natural three-dimensional network polymer compound, and a special supermolecular structure and active functional groups (such as phenolic hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups and the like) endow the lignin with properties of flocculation, chelation, slow release, adhesion, adsorption and the like. The molecular structure of the lignin has the structural advantages of loading and embedding heavy metals and residual pesticides in soil. Secondly, lignin plays a unique role in the plant moisture conduction process and radial tissue mechanical support, and is often used as a loosening agent in soil to improve the air permeability of the soil. In addition, although lignin is a relatively stable natural aromatic polymer, it still has biodegradable properties. The lignin can be degraded and converted into humus in soil after long-term use, and has an improvement effect on soil.
1.5-1.8 million tons of industrial lignin are discharged every year all over the world, most of the industrial lignin is used as a heat source, and only 1-2 percent (lignosulfonate) is reused. Due to the lack of wood in China, about 86% of papermaking raw materials are crop straws and grasses, and industrial lignin has complex components and few reaction active points and is difficult to directly refer to foreign lignin utilization technologies. The comprehensive utilization of lignin becomes the key of the resource treatment of the straw pulp papermaking black liquor. Therefore, the soil-degradable composite material with strong adsorption effect is modified and designed by utilizing the supermolecular structural characteristics of lignin, and the environmental risk of organic pesticides is effectively reduced for controlling the migration of the organic pesticides in a soil environment system. In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by lignin from papermaking, pesticide pollution restoration and pollution prevention in soil and solve the problem of white pollution caused by common polymer prevention and control materials, the biomass-based organic pesticide pollution control material which is low in cost, obvious in effect and easy to popularize is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technology for repairing organic pesticide soil pollution by using a polyphenol lignin low-crosslinking polymer aiming at the defects of the prior art.
Generally, the basic structural unit of lignin is composed of three monomers, p-hydroxyphenyl propane, guaiacyl propane and syringyl propane. As a complex phenolic polymer, lignin is also a polycyclic high molecular organic matter containing many electronegative groups, and has strong affinity for positively charged ions in soil.
The invention provides a method for applying porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particles to organic pesticide soil pollution prevention and treatment, and the technical scheme is that phenolated lignin, a pore-forming agent and a cross-linking agent with the functionality of more than or equal to 2 are subjected to polycondensation, the dosage of the cross-linking agent is controlled to prepare a low-density cross-linked polymer, and the pore-forming agent is removed by adopting a specific process to obtain the porous phenolated lignin low-density cross-linked polymer.
The technology for repairing the organic pesticide soil polluted by the polyphenol lignin low-crosslinked polymer comprises three steps of preparation of the porous phenol lignin low-density crosslinked polymer, granulation and prevention and treatment of the positively charged organic pesticide polluted soil, and is characterized in that:
(1) preparation of porous phenolated lignin low-density crosslinked polymer: dissolving a proper amount of industrial lignin and phenol in a sodium hydroxide solution, phenolizing for a certain time at 120 ℃, adding a proper amount of pore-forming agent and 36 wt% of formaldehyde aqueous solution, continuing to react for a certain time, terminating the reaction with acetic acid, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the phenolized lignin low-density cross-linked polymer.
The industrial lignin can be alkali lignin, lignosulfonate or lignin prepared by separating from straw and wheat straw without refining and purifying.
The pore-forming agent can be a proper high molecular compound, including carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, polysaccharide, cyclodextrin, a water-soluble linear high molecular compound, a water-soluble body type high molecular compound with proper particle size and the like; the pore-forming agent may also be an inorganic compound including sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, zinc nitrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and the like.
The specific process for removing the pore-forming agent includes a high-temperature heating pore-forming agent gasification method, a solvent washing method and the like.
(2) And (3) granulating: respectively and uniformly mixing the porous phenolated lignin low-density cross-linked polymer, the auxiliary material and the bonding auxiliary agent in a stirrer according to a certain proportion, and extruding and granulating the mixture by adopting a granulator to prepare the porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particles.
The bonding auxiliary agent can be starch, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and the like prepared by taking sludge and waste plants as raw materials.
(3) Prevention and treatment of positively charged organic pesticide contaminated soil: injecting a mixed solution of soil with known pesticide pollution amount, porous lignin phenolate soil remediation particles and water into a chromatographic column according to a ratio of 50:50, and controlling the ratio of the diameter of the chromatographic column to the filling height to be 1: 15-1: 50; and (4) taking water as leacheate to carry out soil remediation, prevention and treatment.
The production benefits of the invention are as follows: the porous phenol lignin soil remediation particles prepared by the invention have the property of being degraded into micro-sized particles in soil, the micro-sized particles adsorbing positive charge organic pesticides seep into the ground along with rainwater, the pesticides are difficult to diffuse secondarily in the water, the sewage pollution caused by different soil remediation control technologies can be reduced, the natural three-dimensional network structure of the lignin can improve the air permeability of farmland soil, the degradation products of the lignin are remained in the part of the farmland and converted into humus along with the natural decomposition action, the part is leached and lost along with the rainwater, the pollution to underground water is less, and the porous phenol lignin soil remediation particles can be treated by a centrifugal or nanofiltration device in water purification treatment. Therefore, the preparation is a green environment-friendly sustainable development process for preventing and treating the pollution of the organic pesticide with positive charges in the farmland, and has strong safety and popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 scanning Electron micrograph of Low Density crosslinked Polymer degrading phenolated Lignin and Lignin in soil
Detailed Description
Example 1
Weighing 2.0g and 3.0g of industrial alkali lignin, dissolving the industrial alkali lignin and 3.0g of phenol in 15mL of 10 wt% sodium hydroxide solution, phenolizing at 120 ℃ for 90min, adding 0.132g of potassium nitrate and 1.6g of 36 wt% formaldehyde aqueous solution, continuing to react for 120min, adding 0.01g of acetic acid to terminate the reaction, filtering and drying to obtain a phenolized lignin low-density cross-linked polymer; washing with water to remove an inorganic pore-forming agent potassium nitrate to obtain a porous low-density cross-linked polymer of the phenolated lignin, drying, uniformly mixing the porous low-density cross-linked polymer of the phenolated lignin, grass peat, starch and water in a stirrer according to a ratio of 50:5:42:3, and extruding and granulating the mixture by using a granulator to prepare the porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particles. The lignin raw material without phenolization and the lignin without phenolization were used as controls. 500g of loamy sandy soil in Harbin black calcium soil farmland soil is put into 0.025% paraquat solution for balanced adsorption, the polluted soil is mixed with porous lignin phenolate soil remediation particles according to the proportion of 10:90(w/w), the mixture is put into a chromatography column with the diameter of 5cm, the filling height is 50cm, the mixture is washed for a plurality of times by 250mL of deionized water, and the content of paraquat in an eluent is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Leaching rate of paraquat in leacheate for soil remediation experiment (unit:%)
Example 2
After eluting with deionized water 10 times in example 1, respectively, mixed soil samples of 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm and 50cm from the end of the chromatographic column were separated, porous phenolated lignin particles and soil were sorted, the samples were completely crushed, mixed uniformly, and air-dried for use. Taking 2.5g of porous phenolic lignin particles and soil, respectively adding 3.5mL of 18M concentrated sulfuric acid, heating and refluxing for 5h, filtering, diluting the solution with deionized water to a constant volume of 1000mL, eluting with resin (2M hydrochloric acid, 2.5% ammonium chloride, deionized water washing ion exchange column), eluting paraquat with saturated ammonium chloride solution, and determining the content by liquid chromatography. The data for the contents of porous phenolated lignin particles and paraquat in the soil are shown in Table 2, when the soil samples were washed 1, 5 and 10 times.
Table 2 soil remediation experiments: porous phenolated lignin particles and the content of paraquat in the soil (unit:%)
Example 3
After eluting 10 times with deionized water in example 1, respectively, mixed soil samples of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 days, chromatography columns 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm and 50cm from the end were sampled, porous phenolated lignin particles and soil were sorted, the samples were completely crushed, mixed uniformly, and air-dried for use. Taking 2.5g of porous phenolic lignin particles and soil, respectively adding 3.5mL of 18M concentrated sulfuric acid, heating and refluxing for 5h, filtering, diluting the solution to 1000mL with deionized water, eluting with resin (2M hydrochloric acid, 2.5% ammonium chloride, deionized water washing an ion exchange column), eluting paraquat with saturated ammonium chloride solution, determining the content by liquid chromatography, and finding the content data of the porous phenolic lignin particles and paraquat in soil degradation experiments in Table 3.
TABLE 3 porous phenolated lignin particles and soil degradation experiments (content unit of Paraquat:%)
Example 4
The amount of the pore-forming agent, potassium nitrate, was adjusted to prepare a lignin phenolate low-density crosslinked polymer by the procedure described in example 1, and thereafter potassium nitrate was removed by washing with water to obtain a porous lignin phenolate low-density crosslinked polymer, the porosity data of which are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 relationship between potassium nitrate addition and porosity of porous phenolated lignin-repaired particles (unit: cm)3/g)
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particles is characterized by comprising the steps of preparing and granulating the porous phenolated lignin low-density cross-linked polymer; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of porous phenolated lignin low-density crosslinked polymer: dissolving a proper amount of industrial lignin and phenol in a sodium hydroxide solution, phenolizing for a certain time at 120 ℃, adding a proper amount of pore-forming agent and 36 wt% of formaldehyde aqueous solution, continuing to react for a certain time, terminating the reaction with acetic acid, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the porous phenolized lignin low-density cross-linked polymer;
(2) and (3) granulating: respectively and uniformly mixing the porous phenolated lignin low-density cross-linked polymer, the auxiliary material and the bonding auxiliary agent in a stirrer according to a certain proportion, and extruding and granulating the mixture by using a granulator to prepare the porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particles, wherein the auxiliary material is selected from grass peat, straws or grass powder, and the bonding auxiliary agent is selected from sludge or sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
2. The method for preparing the porous phenol-lignin soil remediation particle of claim 1, wherein the industrial lignin is alkali lignin, lignosulfonate, or lignin prepared from straw or wheat straw in a separation manner without purification.
3. The method for preparing the porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particle of claim 1, wherein the pore-forming agent is a polymeric compound or an inorganic compound; wherein the polymer compound is selected from a water-soluble linear polymer compound or a water-soluble bulk polymer compound with an appropriate particle size; the inorganic compound is selected from sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium sulfate, aluminum potassium sulfate, zinc nitrate or disodium hydrogen phosphate.
4. The use of the porous phenolated lignin soil remediation particle of any one of claims 1 to 3 in organic pesticide soil pollution.
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| CN103159532A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-19 | 东北林业大学 | Porous lignin particle composite fertilizer preparation method |
| CN102757618A (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2012-10-31 | 黄石金朝阳粉末材料有限责任公司 | Modified phenol formaldehyde resin and preparation method thereof |
| CN104858229A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-26 | 宁波市雨辰环保科技有限公司 | High-efficiency and global-function soil repair agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN104892877A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-09 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Phenolated lignin modified expandable resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde resin and preparation method thereof |
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