CN108794576B - Method for preparing antioxidant polypeptide by taking black sharkskin as raw material - Google Patents

Method for preparing antioxidant polypeptide by taking black sharkskin as raw material Download PDF

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CN108794576B
CN108794576B CN201810670170.9A CN201810670170A CN108794576B CN 108794576 B CN108794576 B CN 108794576B CN 201810670170 A CN201810670170 A CN 201810670170A CN 108794576 B CN108794576 B CN 108794576B
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汪少芸
张凌拓
颜阿娜
蔡茜茜
陈惠敏
付才力
田永奇
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Fuzhou University
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing antioxidant polypeptide by taking black sharkskin as a raw material, which is characterized in that the method takes the black sharkskin as the raw material, and obtains the specific antioxidant polypeptide through the enzymolysis of alkaline protease, separation and purification, wherein the molecular weight of the specific antioxidant polypeptide is 461Da, and the whole sequence of amino acid is as follows: Pro-Gly-Gly-Thr-Met. The invention eliminates the defects of natural antioxidants and the worry of the public about artificially synthesized antioxidants, and lays a theoretical foundation for developing antioxidant polypeptides based on food sources and exploring the wide application of the antioxidant polypeptides in foods and medicines.

Description

Method for preparing antioxidant polypeptide by taking black sharkskin as raw material
Technical Field
The invention provides a method for preparing antioxidant polypeptide by taking black sharkskin as a raw material, and more particularly relates to the antioxidant polypeptide of the black sharkskin, belonging to the technical field of biology.
Background
Oxidation is ubiquitous in human life operations. In the course of human cell metabolism, free radicals and other active oxygen substances are produced, and when excessive free radicals are produced, the free radicals cause damage to cell protective enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, and even cause apoptosis such as oxidation of cell proteins, membrane lipids and the like.
In food, oxidation of food nutrients produces peroxides which not only affect the nutritional value of the food, causing a reduction in the quality of the food, but can even cause physical illness in the ingesters. Therefore, the search for safe antioxidants to inhibit peroxide production has been a focus of research in biochemistry nutrition. Chemical synthetic antioxidants such as BHT, TBHQ, etc. have been widely used in the food industry because they have better effects and are cheaper than natural antioxidants.
However, studies have been conducted to find that synthetic antioxidants have an accumulative carcinogenic effect on organs such as liver, spleen and lung of human body, thereby raising concerns about safety, and the use of synthetic antioxidants in foods has been gradually restricted. People are thus turning their eyes to natural antioxidants. Alpha-tocopherol is the most commonly used natural antioxidant, which is effective in maintaining the stability of oil in foods, but is not conducive to food preservation. Therefore, there is a need to find a safe natural antioxidant from other sources.
Because infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, mad cow disease and the like frequently occur in recent years, the safety of land animals is increasingly serious, and therefore, the safety of the protein of the land animals and the protein products thereof is damaged; in addition, terrestrial animal proteins are not accepted because of the large number of religious beliefs around the world. Therefore, the antioxidant peptide product prepared from the marine fishes has wider market prospect. Because of the uneven shape and thickness of the shark skin, the shark skin is difficult to be processed and utilized as a high value-added product (such as leather products). Research shows that the fish skin has high protein content and rich varieties, particularly has high collagen content (60-80%) and is the main component of the fish skin protein. During the shark production process, a large amount of leftovers are produced, and the leftovers are used for feed processing in a small part and are discarded in a waste form in a large part, which not only causes environmental pollution, but also causes resource waste. Therefore, how to obtain the high-efficiency antioxidant polypeptide with a specific amino acid sequence from the fish skin becomes an urgent research direction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing antioxidant polypeptide from shark skin, which can realize antioxidant activity with high efficiency.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the amino acid sequence of the antioxidant polypeptide is Pro-Gly-Gly-Thr-Met (PGGTM).
The invention provides a preparation method of antioxidant polypeptide, which takes black sharkskin as a raw material, and adopts alkaline protease to carry out enzymolysis, separation, purification and freeze drying on the raw material to obtain the antioxidant polypeptide; the enzymolysis conditions are as follows: the pH is 7.0-9.0, the temperature is 40-50 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 4.0-6.0 h, the substrate concentration is 2.0-4.0%, and the enzyme addition is 9.0-10.0 wt.%. Preferably, the enzymolysis conditions are pH 8.0, temperature 45 ℃, enzymolysis time 4.9h, substrate concentration 3%, and enzyme addition 9.6 wt.%. The separation and purification means is RP-HPLC reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography.
The specific steps of the separation and purification are as follows:
separating the enzymolysis product by RP-HPLC reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, monitoring the antioxidant activity of the separated components, and collecting the components with the optimal antioxidant activity; performing reverse phase HPLC separation by using an acetonitrile solution with a concentration gradient of 0% -40% and containing trifluoroacetic acid with a volume fraction of 0.05% as an eluent for linear elution, wherein a chromatographic column is Gemini 5 mu C18, the loading amount is 100 mu L, the flow rate is 1mL/min, the detection wavelength is 214nm, measuring the antioxidant activity of the eluent corresponding to each absorption peak, and collecting the component with the highest antioxidant activity; and identifying the amino acid sequence of the component by using Q-TOF LC-MS to obtain the amino acid sequence of the antioxidant polypeptide as follows: Pro-Gly-Gly-Thr-Met.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) enzymolysis of black shark skin protein
Enzymes were purchased from novacin (Tianjin, China).
Performing enzymolysis on the black shark skin protein by adopting alkaline protease, wherein the pH value is 8.0, the temperature is 45 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 4.9h, the substrate concentration is 3%, the enzyme addition amount is 9.6wt.%, the pH value is regulated and stabilized by using 1M NaOH, after hydrolysis is performed for 5h, inactivating the enzyme in a boiling water bath for 15min, then rapidly cooling to the room temperature, placing in a centrifugal machine, centrifuging for 15min at 4000r/min, and taking the supernatant for later use.
(2) Separation and purification of enzymolysis product
Separating the enzymolysis product by RP-HPLC reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, monitoring the antioxidant activity of the separated components, and collecting the components with the optimal antioxidant activity; in the reverse phase HPLC separation, acetonitrile solution with the concentration gradient of 0-40% and containing trifluoroacetic acid with the volume fraction of 0.05% is used as eluent for linear elution, a chromatographic column is Gemini 5 mu C18, the sample loading amount is 100 mu L, the flow rate is 1mL/min, the detection wavelength is 214nm, the antioxidant activity of the eluent corresponding to each absorption peak is measured, and the component with the highest antioxidant activity is collected.
(3) Test for antioxidant Activity
1. ABTS free radical scavenging ability
Preparing 7mM ABTS storage mother liquor and 2.45mM potassium persulfate solution, mixing at a ratio of 1: 1 before use, standing at room temperature for 16h, and diluting with phosphate buffer solution (5 mM, pH 7.4) until the absorbance at 734nm is 0.70 + -0.02, namely ABTS free radical solution. The ABTS free radical solution and samples with different concentrations are mixed in equal volume, after reaction for 10min at room temperature, the absorbance is measured at 734nm, and the phosphate buffer (5 mM, pH7.4) is zeroed. The blank group was substituted for the sample with distilled water. The ABTS free radical scavenging activity of the samples was calculated as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
in the formula: a. thecontrolBlank set absorbance value
AsampleAbsorbance of sample set
2. DPPH radical scavenging ability
Mixing 1mL of samples with different concentrations with 1mL of DPPH solution (0.1 mM, prepared by 95% ethanol), standing at room temperature in a dark place for 30min, and measuring the light absorption value at 517 nm; 1mL of 95% ethanol solution instead of DPPH solution is taken as a sample reference group; blank set was 1mL of the PPH solution in 95% ethanol. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples was calculated according to the following formula:
Figure 684902DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
in the formula: a. theiAbsorbance of sample set
Aj-absorbance of sample reference set
A0Blank set absorbance value
3. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory Activity
1mL of samples with different concentrations are taken to be put into a colorimetric tube with a plug, 2mL of 95% ethanol, 26 μ L of linoleic acid and 2mL of phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH7.0) are added, the mixture is fully mixed, and the mixture is sealed and placed in a dark place and kept at a constant temperature of 40 ℃. The blank group replaced the sample with 1mL of distilled water. The degree of peroxidation of the system was determined every 24 h.
Lipid peroxidation levels were determined using the iron thiocyanate (FTC) method. Mixing the mixed solution 100 μ L with 4.7mL 75% ethanol solution and 0.1mL 30% ammonium thiocyanate, adding 0.1mL FeCl2The solution (20 mM, prepared by 3.5% hydrochloric acid solution) is mixed well, and then is accurately timed for 3min, and the light absorption value is measured under the wavelength of 500 nm.
4. Hydroxyl radical scavenging Activity
1mL sample and 0.3mL FeSO4(8 mM), 1mL of salicylic acid (3 mM) and 0.25mL of H2O2 (20 mM) were mixed, incubated at 37 ℃ for 30min, cooled with running water, added with 0.45mL of distilled water to make the total volume of the reaction solution 3mL, centrifuged at 3000g for 10min, and the absorbance of the supernatant was measured at 510nm, with distilled water replacing the sample as a blank.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
(4) Determination of amino acid sequence
The amino acid complete sequence of the antioxidant polypeptide is identified to be Pro-Gly-Gly-Thr-Met by Q-TOF LC-MS, and the molecular weight is 461 Da.
The present invention is based on the finding that a natural and highly effective antioxidant is obtained by controlling the cleavage conditions of alkaline protease to cleave an active polypeptide having a specific peptide chain length and domain composition, starting from collagen derived from black shark skin, and the antioxidant activity is efficiently achieved, taking into consideration the drawbacks of the conventional natural antioxidants and public apprehension about synthetic antioxidants.
The invention changes the thinking and the method for extracting and applying the prior antioxidant, eliminates the side effect possibly caused by artificially synthesizing the antioxidant, is a natural antioxidant, and can replace the traditional synthetic food antioxidant. The invention also improves the condition that the utilization rate of the protein in the aquatic animal skin is low in China, can solve the problem of recycling a large amount of aquatic resources, can also remove the worry of consumers about the antioxidant in the aspect of food safety, and has profound significance for the development of science and technology, economy and food industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the ABTS radical clearance of black shark skin proteolysis.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between DPPH radical scavenging rate of black shark skin proteolysis.
FIG. 3 shows the lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of black shark skin proteolysis.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the correlation between the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate of the black shark skin proteolysis product.
FIG. 5 shows the RP-HPLC elution profile of the black shark skin proteolysate.
FIG. 6 shows DPPH radical scavenging activity of fractions eluted from RP-HPLC of black shark skin proteolysis.
Fig. 7 is a F19 total ion flow diagram.
FIG. 8 is a first-order mass spectrum of antioxidant peptide.
FIG. 9 is a secondary mass spectrum of antioxidant peptide.
Detailed Description
The amino acid sequence of the antioxidant polypeptide is Pro-Gly-Gly-Thr-Met.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
taking black sharkskin as a raw material, carrying out enzymolysis on the black sharkskin by adopting alkaline protease, separating, purifying and freeze-drying to obtain antioxidant polypeptide; the enzymolysis conditions are as follows: pH 8.0, temperature 45 ℃, enzymolysis time 4.9h, substrate concentration 3%, enzyme addition 9.6 wt.%; separating the enzymolysis product by RP-HPLC reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, monitoring the antioxidant activity of the separated components, and collecting the components with the optimal antioxidant activity; in the reverse phase HPLC separation, acetonitrile solution with concentration gradient of 0-40% and containing 0.05% (volume) of trifluoroacetic acid is used as eluent for linear elution, a chromatographic column is Gemini 5 mu C18, the sample loading amount is 100 mu L, the flow rate is 1mL/min, the detection wavelength is 214nm, the antioxidant activity of the eluent corresponding to each absorption peak is measured, and the component with the highest antioxidant activity is collected.
The instrument and the detection means adopted by the invention are as follows:
the invention applies RP-HPLC reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography separation and purification means to realize the high-efficiency separation and purification of the antioxidant polypeptide with remarkable activity.
And identifying the amino acid sequence of the antioxidant polypeptide by using Q-TOF LC-MS.
For a further understanding of the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are given:
example 1
3 g of black sharkskin were weighed out, 100ml of deionized water was added, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0 with 1mol/L NaOH. The solution was first heated in a water bath to 45 ℃ and then a corresponding amount of enzyme was added in an amount of 9.6wt.% enzyme for 4.9 hours. Then inactivating enzyme in boiling water bath for 15min, cooling, centrifuging at 4000rpm for 15min, and collecting supernatant.
The prepared black shark skin zymolyte is used for identifying the antioxidant activity, wherein the ABTS half inhibitory concentration is 80 mug/mL (shown in figure 1), the DPPH half inhibitory concentration is 3.19mg/mL (shown in figure 2), and the black shark skin zymolyte has certain lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (shown in figure 3) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (shown in figure 4), so that the black shark skin zymolyte has certain antioxidant activity.
Separating enzymolysis product by RP-HPLC reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (as shown in FIG. 5), monitoring antioxidant activity of separated components, and collecting components with optimal antioxidant activity; in the separation of the reversed phase HPLC, acetonitrile solution with concentration gradient of 0-40% containing 0.05% (volume) trifluoroacetic acid is used as eluent for linear elution, a chromatographic column is Gemini 5 mu C18, the loading amount is 100 mu L, the flow rate is 1mL/min, the detection wavelength is 214nm, the antioxidant activity of the eluent corresponding to each absorption peak is measured, and the component F19 with the highest antioxidant activity is collected (as shown in figure 6).
Identifying component F19 by Q-TOF LC-MS (conditions of chromatogram and mass spectrum are shown in tables 1 and 2), wherein a total ion flow chart is shown in figure 7, and identifying an ion peak of 10.02min by MS/MS secondary mass spectrum to obtain an amino acid full sequence (shown in figures 8-9): Pro-Gly-Gly-Thr-Met (molecular weight 461 Da) and the antioxidant activity thereof (shown in Table 1) were measured, wherein ABTS free radical clearance rate (71.19 + -0.95)%, DPPH free radical clearance rate (75.01 + -0.36)% and oxygen radical absorption capacity (2490.01 + -166.05) mu mol Trolox/g peptide.
Table 1 identifies F19 chromatographic Condition parameters
Figure 677742DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Table 2 identifies the parameters of the F19 Mass Spectrometry conditions
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
TABLE 3 antioxidant peptide antioxidant Activity
Figure 598424DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Sequence listing
<110> Fuzhou university
<120> method for preparing antioxidant polypeptide using black shark skin as raw material
<130>1
<160>1
<170>SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210>1
<211>5
<212>PRT
<213>2 Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum
<400>1
Pro Gly Gly Thr Met
1 5

Claims (1)

1. An antioxidant polypeptide, comprising: the amino acid sequence of the antioxidant polypeptide is Pro-Gly-Gly-Thr-Met, and the source of the antioxidant polypeptide is black sharkskin.
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