CN108793088A - A kind of technique preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid - Google Patents
A kind of technique preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108793088A CN108793088A CN201810712608.5A CN201810712608A CN108793088A CN 108793088 A CN108793088 A CN 108793088A CN 201810712608 A CN201810712608 A CN 201810712608A CN 108793088 A CN108793088 A CN 108793088A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- discharge tube
- ceramic slurry
- parts
- tube ceramic
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- MPPQGYCZBNURDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propionyl-6-dimethylaminonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=C(N(C)C)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)CC)=CC=C21 MPPQGYCZBNURDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 calcirm-fluoride Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
- C01F7/14—Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkali metal aluminates
- C01F7/141—Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkali metal aluminates from aqueous aluminate solutions by neutralisation with an acidic agent
- C01F7/142—Aluminium oxide or hydroxide from alkali metal aluminates from aqueous aluminate solutions by neutralisation with an acidic agent with carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
- C01B17/74—Preparation
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/14—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3262—Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3275—Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3826—Silicon carbides
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of techniques preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, include the following steps：Raw material are made in ardealite, flyash, additive and modifying agent mixed grinding, clinker is roasted to obtain in kiln；Clinker is dissolved out, and is separated by solid-liquid separation；Isolated solution prepares aluminium oxide；Discharge tube ceramic slurry is made in aluminium oxide obtained and quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia, titanium oxide, potassium nitrate, prodan, silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide；Isolated residue is obtained into sulfide through flotation；Sulfuric acid is made in sulfide processing.The present invention, which has, prepares discharge tube ceramic slurry and relieving haperacidity is at low cost, waste residue utilization rate is high, the discharge tube ceramic slurry of preparation can make the service life of ozone discharge tube long, and discharge tube ceramic slurry has the advantages that material performance is good, dielectric constant is big, and acid-making process is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of techniques preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, belong to field of metallurgy and chemical engineering.
Background technology
The discharge tube ceramic slurry of ozone generator is by being sprayed on ozone discharge tube, after the sintering, then sprays, again
It is 2-3 times multiple, make ozone discharge tube have service life long, and discharge tube ceramic slurry has adhesive force high, material performance is good,
Reach its electrical performance indexes, but in the discharge tube ceramic slurry be prepared using other Raw material processings such as aluminium oxide,
And the complex manufacturing technology of existing alumina powder, production cost are high, lead to alumina powder price, greatly increase discharge tube
The production cost of ceramic slurry.
Ardealite refer in phosphoric acid production with sulfuric acid treating phosphorite when the solid slag that generates, main component is sulfuric acid
Calcium（CaSO4）, content generally can reach 70-90% or so.In addition, ardealite also contains plurality of impurities：Undecomposed phosphorus ore,
Phosphoric acid, calcirm-fluoride, iron, aluminium compound, acid non-soluble substance, organic matter of non-washes clean etc..Ardealite is discharged every year about in China
20000000 tons, add up nearly hundred million tons of discharge capacity.For utilization rate of the ardealite in terms of building materials less than 5%, a large amount of gypsum stacks occupy soil
Ground seriously pollutes environment.
China is a big coal country, using coal as power generation substantially fuel.The energy industry stable development in China, power generation
Ability annual growth is 7.3%, and the rapid development of power industry brings sharply increasing for flyash discharge capacity, Hazards in Power Plant
The flyash total amount discharged every year increases year by year, and nineteen ninety-five flyash discharge capacity is up to 1.25 hundred million tons, 2000 about 1.5 hundred million
Ton, was up to 300,000,000 tons, the development of the national economy and ecological environment to China cause huge pressure by 2010.
It is now currently, seldom for the technology of the comprehensive utilization of ardealite and flyash, it is substantially focused on building materials and paves the way
Etc. traditional fields, which results in the waste of a large amount of high value ingredients in ardealite and flyash, added value is very low.And by phosphorus stone
Cream and total utilization of PCA are come discharge tube ceramic slurry processed, while the technique of coproduction acid, have not been reported.
Goal of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of techniques preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid.The present invention, which has to prepare, puts
Fulgurite ceramic slurry and relieving haperacidity are at low cost, and waste residue utilization rate is high, and the discharge tube ceramic slurry of preparation can make making for ozone discharge tube
With long lifespan, discharge tube ceramic slurry has the advantages that material performance is good, dielectric constant is big, and acid-making process is simple.
Technical scheme of the present invention
A kind of technique preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, includes the following steps：
A, ardealite, flyash, additive and modifying agent are mixed and is ground and raw material are made, be sent into roasting in kiln, clinker is made；
B, clinker made from step A is dissolved out, and is separated by solid-liquid separation；
C, CO is added into solution isolated step B2It is no longer generated to white precipitate, it is clear after then filtering out white precipitate
Drying and calcination are washed, alumina powder is crushed to obtain；
D, by alumina powder made from step C and quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia, titanium oxide, nitre
Ground and mixed obtains mixed powder respectively for sour potassium, prodan, silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide, by mixed powder
Expect that kiln melts, quenching of coming out of the stove, drying, wet ball grinding obtain discharge tube ceramic slurry；
E, by residue isolated step B through flotation, sulfide is detached to obtain；
F, the step E sulfide isolated is placed under the oxygen-enriched environment of 30-50%, 3-5h is roasted at 800-1200 DEG C, roasted
The flue gas of generation is absorbed using the concentrated sulfuric acid after vanadic anhydride catalysis reaction, sulfuric acid is made.
In the technique above-mentioned for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, in step A, the additive is sodium carbonate, sulphur
Sour sodium or caustic soda；The modifying agent is anthracite, carbon or gangue.
In the technique above-mentioned for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, in step A, in the raw material, ardealite and
Flyash is according to 1:The ratio of 0.8-1.8 weight ratios mixes, and additive adding proportion presses contained Na in raw material2O and A12O3+Fe2O3
The molecular proportion of summation is 1:1 addition, the mixed proportion of modifying agent are the 10-25% of raw material total weight.
In the technique above-mentioned for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, in step A, the kiln is industrial rotary kiln, work
Industry tunnel oven or industrial shaft kiln.
It is at 1000-1350 DEG C of temperature in step A in the technique above-mentioned for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid
Roasting time 1-2h.
In the technique above-mentioned for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, in step B, dissolved out after clinker elder generation water mill；
It is 3-6 that liquid when dissolution, which consolidates volume ratio,:1.
In the technique above-mentioned for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is 4-6 that the liquid when dissolution, which consolidates volume ratio,:1.
In the technique above-mentioned for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, in step C, the calcination is in temperature 800-
Calcination time 3-5h at 1200 DEG C.
In the technique above-mentioned for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, in step D, by weight, the discharge tube
Ceramic slurry includes 8-12 parts of alumina powder, 30-35 parts of quartz sand, 5-8 parts of soda ash, 10-15 parts of feldspar, 2-3 parts of cobalt oxide, oxygen
Change 2-4 parts of manganese, 5-8 parts of magnesia, 6-9 parts of titanium oxide, 4-7 parts of potassium nitrate, 7-9 parts of prodan, 2-3 parts of silicon carbide, carbonic acid
1-2 parts of 6-8 parts of calcium, 1-2 parts of lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide.
In the technique above-mentioned for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, in step D, the mesh number of the mixed powder is
300-500 mesh.
The present invention is by by ardealite and flyash reaction, recombination, making utility.The net reaction of principle
For：
CaSO4（Ardealite）+ Na2O·SiO2·Al2O3（Flyash）→ Na2O·Al2O3 + CaO·SiO2↓+[sulphur]
From the reaction equation it is found that with the SiO in the CaO and flyash in ardealite2Generate calcium orthosilicate（ CaO·SiO2↓）
Afterwards, soluble fabulous sodium aluminate is obtained（Na2O·Al2O3）.[sulphur] in reaction equation refers to by raw material doping and changing
Property agent technique, the metal sulfide of generation；After leaching the sodium aluminate in clinker, obtained sediment flotation be can be obtained into metal
Sulfide.
Advantageous effect
1, the present invention and is added after additive and modifying agent by using ardealite and flyash as raw material, in high temperature roasting
The clinker of main silicate-containing, aluminate and sulfide is obtained under the technique of burning, and the main component of the aluminate is sodium aluminate,
By sodium aluminate it is water-soluble go out after may be recovered, and after solid residue flotation, obtain sulfide, sulphur prepared using sulfide
Acid,
Aluminium oxide is prepared by the sodium aluminate of recycling, aluminium oxide and other raw materials are prepared into discharge tube ceramic slurry, due to entire
Mainly using ardealite and flyash as raw material in technique, adds other a small amount of substances and therefore greatly reduce relieving haperacidity and put
The cost input of fulgurite ceramic slurry.The utilization rate for also greatly increasing ardealite and fine coal waste slag, for alleviate ardealite and
Flyash has important contribution to the pollution of environment.
2, the present invention by raw material by roasting after, obtained ingredient is clearly demarcated, aluminium mainly with aluminic acid na form exist, profit
The characteristic of water is highly soluble in sodium aluminate, can be simple and quick be isolated and be used to prepare aluminium oxide, by aluminium oxide with it is other
Raw material prepares discharge tube ceramic slurry, and discharge tube ceramic slurry can make the service life of ozone discharge tube long, fulgurite ceramic slurry
It is good with material performance, the big advantage of dielectric constant, and discharge tube ceramic slurry is at low cost.
3, the present invention obtains after the solid residue flotation in technique sulfide, sulfuric acid, relieving haperacidity is prepared using sulfide
Cost it is low, acid-making process is simple.
Further to prove that the effect of the present invention, inventor have done following experiment.
1, the experiment of discharge tube ceramic slurry
Inventor prepare six identical ozone discharge tubes, will wherein five derusted, dust removal process, then by following five groups
On discharge tube ceramic slurry in embodiment is sprayed on that treated respectively ozone discharge tube, ozone discharge tube after spraying is existed
It is sintered and then sprays at a temperature of 800 DEG C, be repeated 3 times, performance detection is being carried out to the ceramic slurry on ozone discharge tube,
And by after spray sintering ozone discharge tube and under conditions of untreated ozone discharge tube is placed on 1000W, measure its use
Service life, and untreated ozone discharge tube is as a control group, experimental result is as follows：
（Note：Service life of the ozone discharge tube of control group at 1000W is 7800h）
By being obtained to 1 discharge tube ceramic slurry analysis of experimental results of the present invention of table, discharge tube ceramic slurry of the invention can make
The service life of ozone discharge tube is long, and discharge tube ceramic slurry of the invention has material performance good, the big advantage of dielectric constant.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but is not intended as the foundation limited the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention
Embodiment 1：A kind of technique preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, steps are as follows：
A, ardealite, flyash, sodium carbonate and anthracite are mixed and is ground and raw material are made, be sent into industrial rotary kiln in temperature
Clinker is made in roasting time 1.5h at 1000 DEG C；Wherein, ardealite and flyash are according to 1:The ratio of 0.8 weight ratio mixes, carbon
Sour sodium adding proportion presses contained Na in raw material2O and A12O3+Fe2O3The molecular proportion of summation is 1:1 addition, anthracitic mixed proportion
It is the 10% of raw material total weight；
B, clinker made from step A is consolidated into volume ratio as 4 with liquid:1 carries out water mill dissolution, and is separated by solid-liquid separation；
C, by residue isolated step B through flotation, sulfide is detached to obtain；
D, the step C sulfide isolated is placed under 30% oxygen-enriched environment, 5h is roasted at 800 DEG C, roast the flue gas of generation
After vanadic anhydride catalysis reaction, is absorbed using the concentrated sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid is made；
E, CO is added into solution isolated step B2It is no longer generated to white precipitate, it is clear after then filtering out white precipitate
Drying is washed, alumina powder is crushed to obtain after calcination time 5h at 800 DEG C of temperature；
F, by alumina powder made from step E and quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia, titanium oxide, nitre
Ground and mixed obtains mixed powder, mixed powder respectively for sour potassium, prodan, silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide
Mesh number be 300-500 mesh, mixed powder kiln is melted, quenching of coming out of the stove, drying, wet ball grinding obtain discharge tube ceramic slurry；
Wherein by weight, the discharge tube ceramic slurry include 8 parts of alumina powder, 30 parts of quartz sand, 5 parts of soda ash, 10 parts of feldspar,
2 parts of cobalt oxide, 2 parts of manganese oxide, 5 parts of magnesia, 6 parts of titanium oxide, 4 parts of potassium nitrate, 7 parts of prodan, 2 parts of silicon carbide, carbonic acid
1 part of 6 parts of calcium, 1 part of lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide.
Embodiment 2：A kind of technique preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, steps are as follows：
A, ardealite, flyash, sodium sulphate and carbon are mixed and is ground and raw material are made, be sent into industrial rotary kiln in temperature 1200
Clinker is made in roasting time 2h at DEG C；Wherein, ardealite and flyash are according to 1:The ratio of 1 weight ratio mixes, and caustic soda adds ratio
Example is by contained Na in raw material2O and A12O3+Fe2O3The molecular proportion of summation is 1:The mixed proportion of 1.2 additions, carbon is raw material total weight
15%；
B, clinker made from step A is consolidated into volume ratio as 5 with liquid:1 carries out water mill dissolution, and is separated by solid-liquid separation；
C, by residue isolated step B through flotation, sulfide is detached to obtain；
D, the step C sulfide isolated is placed under 35% oxygen-enriched environment, 4h is roasted at 900 DEG C, roast the flue gas of generation
After vanadic anhydride catalysis reaction, is absorbed using the concentrated sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid is made；
E, CO is added into solution isolated step B2It is no longer generated to white precipitate, it is clear after then filtering out white precipitate
Drying is washed, alumina powder is crushed to obtain after calcination time 4h at 1000 DEG C of temperature；
F, by alumina powder made from step E and quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia, titanium oxide, nitre
Ground and mixed obtains mixed powder, mixed powder respectively for sour potassium, prodan, silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide
Mesh number be 300-500 mesh, mixed powder kiln is melted, quenching of coming out of the stove, drying, wet ball grinding obtain discharge tube ceramic slurry；
Wherein by weight, the discharge tube ceramic slurry includes 10 parts of alumina powder, 33 parts of quartz sand, 7 parts of soda ash, feldspar 12
Part, 3 parts of cobalt oxide, 3 parts of manganese oxide, 6 parts of magnesia, 7 parts of titanium oxide, 5 parts of potassium nitrate, 8 parts of prodan, 3 parts of silicon carbide, carbon
1 part of 7 parts of sour calcium, 2 parts of lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide.
Embodiment 3：A kind of technique preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, steps are as follows：
A, ardealite, flyash, caustic soda and gangue are mixed and is ground and raw material are made, be sent into industrial rotary kiln in temperature
Clinker is made in roasting time 1.5h at 1300 DEG C；Wherein, ardealite and flyash are according to 1:The ratio of 1.3 weight ratios mixes, carbon
Sour sodium adding proportion presses contained Na in raw material2O and A12O3+Fe2O3The molecular proportion of summation is 1:1 addition, the mixed proportion of gangue
It is the 20% of raw material total weight；
B, clinker made from step A is consolidated into volume ratio as 6 with liquid:1 carries out water mill dissolution, and is separated by solid-liquid separation；
C, by residue isolated step B through flotation, sulfide is detached to obtain；
D, the step C sulfide isolated is placed under 45% oxygen-enriched environment, 3h is roasted at 1000 DEG C, roast the cigarette of generation
Gas is absorbed using the concentrated sulfuric acid after vanadic anhydride catalysis reaction, sulfuric acid is made；
E, CO is added into solution isolated step B2It is no longer generated to white precipitate, it is clear after then filtering out white precipitate
Drying is washed, alumina powder is crushed to obtain after calcination time 3h at 1100 DEG C of temperature；
F, by alumina powder made from step E and quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia, titanium oxide, nitre
Ground and mixed obtains mixed powder, mixed powder respectively for sour potassium, prodan, silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide
Mesh number be 300-500 mesh, mixed powder kiln is melted, quenching of coming out of the stove, drying, wet ball grinding obtain discharge tube ceramic slurry；
Wherein by weight, the discharge tube ceramic slurry includes 11 parts of alumina powder, 32 parts of quartz sand, 6 parts of soda ash, feldspar 13
Part, 3 parts of cobalt oxide, 4 parts of manganese oxide, 7 parts of magnesia, 8 parts of titanium oxide, 6 parts of potassium nitrate, 9 parts of prodan, 2 parts of silicon carbide, carbon
2 parts of 8 parts of sour calcium, 1 part of lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide.
Embodiment 4：A kind of technique preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, steps are as follows：
A, ardealite, flyash, sodium carbonate and gangue are mixed and is ground and raw material are made, be sent into industrial rotary kiln in temperature
Clinker is made in roasting time 1h at 1350 DEG C；Wherein, ardealite and flyash are according to 1:The ratio of 1.5 weight ratios mixes, caustic soda
Adding proportion presses contained Na in raw material2O and A12O3+Fe2O3The molecular proportion of summation is 1:1 addition, the mixed proportion of gangue are made a living
Expect the 25% of total weight；
B, clinker made from step A is consolidated into volume ratio as 5 with liquid:1 carries out water mill dissolution, and is separated by solid-liquid separation；
C, by residue isolated step B through flotation, sulfide is detached to obtain；
D, the step C sulfide isolated is placed under 45% oxygen-enriched environment, 3h is roasted at 1200 DEG C, roast the cigarette of generation
Gas is absorbed using the concentrated sulfuric acid after vanadic anhydride catalysis reaction, sulfuric acid is made；
E, CO is added into solution isolated step B2It is no longer generated to white precipitate, it is clear after then filtering out white precipitate
Drying is washed, alumina powder is crushed to obtain after calcination time 3h at 1200 DEG C of temperature；
F, by alumina powder made from step E and quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia, titanium oxide, nitre
Ground and mixed obtains mixed powder, mixed powder respectively for sour potassium, prodan, silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide
Mesh number be 300-500 mesh, mixed powder kiln is melted, quenching of coming out of the stove, drying, wet ball grinding obtain discharge tube ceramic slurry；
Wherein by weight, the discharge tube ceramic slurry includes 12 parts of alumina powder, 34 parts of quartz sand, 7 parts of soda ash, feldspar 14
Part, 2 parts of cobalt oxide, 3 parts of manganese oxide, 6 parts of magnesia, 9 parts of titanium oxide, 5 parts of potassium nitrate, 8 parts of prodan, 3 parts of silicon carbide, carbon
2 parts of 7 parts of sour calcium, 2 parts of lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide.
Embodiment 5：A kind of technique preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, steps are as follows：
A, ardealite, flyash, sodium sulphate and anthracite are mixed and is ground and raw material are made, be sent into industrial rotary kiln in temperature
Clinker is made in roasting time 2h at 1200 DEG C；Wherein, ardealite and flyash are according to 1:The ratio of 1.8 weight ratios mixes, caustic soda
Adding proportion presses contained Na in raw material2O and A12O3+Fe2O3The molecular proportion of summation is 1:1 addition, anthracitic mixed proportion are made a living
Expect the 20% of total weight；
B, clinker made from step A is consolidated into volume ratio as 4 with liquid:1 carries out water mill dissolution, and is separated by solid-liquid separation；
C, by residue isolated step B through flotation, sulfide is detached to obtain；
D, the step C sulfide isolated is placed under 50% oxygen-enriched environment, 4h is roasted at 1100 DEG C, roast the cigarette of generation
Gas is absorbed using the concentrated sulfuric acid after vanadic anhydride catalysis reaction, sulfuric acid is made；
E, CO is added into solution isolated step B2It is no longer generated to white precipitate, it is clear after then filtering out white precipitate
Drying is washed, alumina powder is crushed to obtain after calcination time 5h at 1200 DEG C of temperature；
F, by alumina powder made from step E and quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia, titanium oxide, nitre
Ground and mixed obtains mixed powder, mixed powder respectively for sour potassium, prodan, silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide
Mesh number be 300-500 mesh, mixed powder kiln is melted, quenching of coming out of the stove, drying, wet ball grinding obtain discharge tube ceramic slurry；
Wherein by weight, the discharge tube ceramic slurry includes 12 parts of alumina powder, 35 parts of quartz sand, 8 parts of soda ash, feldspar 15
Part, 3 parts of cobalt oxide, 4 parts of manganese oxide, 8 parts of magnesia, 9 parts of titanium oxide, 7 parts of potassium nitrate, 9 parts of prodan, 3 parts of silicon carbide, carbon
2 parts of 8 parts of sour calcium, 2 parts of lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of technique preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
A, ardealite, flyash, additive and modifying agent are mixed and is ground and raw material are made, be sent into roasting in kiln, clinker is made；
B, clinker made from step A is dissolved out, and is separated by solid-liquid separation；
C, CO is added into solution isolated step B2It is no longer generated to white precipitate, it is clear after then filtering out white precipitate
Drying and calcination are washed, alumina powder is crushed to obtain；
D, by alumina powder made from step C and quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia, titanium oxide, nitre
Ground and mixed obtains mixed powder respectively for sour potassium, prodan, silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, lanthana and phosphorus pentoxide, by mixed powder
Expect that kiln melts, quenching of coming out of the stove, drying, wet ball grinding obtain discharge tube ceramic slurry；
E, by residue isolated step B through flotation, sulfide is detached to obtain；
F, the step E sulfide isolated is placed under the oxygen-enriched environment of 30-50%, 3-5h is roasted at 800-1200 DEG C, roasted
The flue gas of generation is absorbed using the concentrated sulfuric acid after vanadic anhydride catalysis reaction, sulfuric acid is made.
2. the technique according to claim 1 for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is characterised in that：In step A, institute
It is sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate or caustic soda to state additive；The modifying agent is anthracite, carbon or gangue.
3. the technique according to claim 1 for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is characterised in that：In step A, institute
In the raw material stated, ardealite and flyash are according to 1:The ratio of 0.8-1.8 weight ratios mixes, and additive adding proportion is pressed in raw material
Contained Na2O and A12O3+Fe2O3The molecular proportion of summation is 1:1 addition, the mixed proportion of modifying agent are the 10- of raw material total weight
25%。
4. the technique according to claim 1 for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is characterised in that：In step A, institute
It is industrial rotary kiln, Industry Tunnel Kiln or industrial shaft kiln to state kiln.
5. the technique according to claim 1 for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is characterised in that：In step A, it is
The roasting time 1-2h at 1000-1350 DEG C of temperature.
6. the technique according to claim 1 for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is characterised in that：In step B, institute
It is dissolved out after stating clinker elder generation water mill；It is 3-6 that liquid when dissolution, which consolidates volume ratio,:1.
7. the technique according to claim 6 for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is characterised in that：When the dissolution
Liquid consolidate volume ratio be 4-6:1.
8. the technique according to claim 1 for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is characterised in that：In step C, institute
It is the calcination time 3-5h at 800-1200 DEG C of temperature to state calcination.
9. the technique according to claim 1 for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is characterised in that：In step D, press
Parts by weight meter, the discharge tube ceramic slurry include 8-12 parts of alumina powder, 30-35 parts of quartz sand, 5-8 parts of soda ash, feldspar 10-
15 parts, 2-3 parts of cobalt oxide, 2-4 parts of manganese oxide, 5-8 parts of magnesia, 6-9 parts of titanium oxide, 4-7 parts of potassium nitrate, prodan 7-9
Part, 2-3 parts of silicon carbide, 6-8 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-2 parts of lanthana and 1-2 parts of phosphorus pentoxide.
10. the technique according to claim 1 for preparing discharge tube ceramic slurry coproduction acid, it is characterised in that：In step D,
The mesh number of the mixed powder is 300-500 mesh.
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Application publication date: 20181113 |
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