CN108788101B - Preparation method of sheet nickel-based superalloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of sheet nickel-based superalloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN108788101B CN108788101B CN201810803758.7A CN201810803758A CN108788101B CN 108788101 B CN108788101 B CN 108788101B CN 201810803758 A CN201810803758 A CN 201810803758A CN 108788101 B CN108788101 B CN 108788101B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a sheet nickel-based superalloy, and relates to the field of TLP diffusion welding processes. The traditional TLP diffusion welding process needs to prepare intermediate layer alloy powder or foil strips, the preparation of the high-temperature alloy powder or foil strips has extremely high requirements on expensive equipment, a large amount of intermediate layer alloy needs to be consumed in one-time preparation, and the processing process is complex and high in cost; the method provided by the invention can realize the preparation of the lamellar interlayer high-temperature alloy by common processing methods such as smelting, wire cutting and the like, has simple process flow, solves the problem that the small-size flat high-temperature alloy is difficult to clamp, and has the advantage of low processing cost. Meanwhile, the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy is prepared by the method, is low in preparation cost, and can be fully applied to a TLP diffusion welding process of a nickel-based high-temperature alloy sample as an intermediate alloy layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of TLP diffusion welding processes, in particular to a preparation method of a sheet nickel-based superalloy.
Background
The hot end component of the gas turbine is manufactured by adopting high-performance high-temperature alloy, and simultaneously adopts a hollow structure with a complex internal cooling channel in design. For such a complex structure, the final structure cannot be completed by casting technology alone, and welding is an indispensable key manufacturing technology in the manufacturing process. Along with the increase of the working temperature of the domestic novel gas turbine, the welding requirements on difficult-to-weld materials such as nickel-based high-temperature alloy and the like are higher and higher, and the conventional welding technology and equipment can not be realized. Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) diffusion welding is a welding technology between diffusion welding and brazing, and the welding principle is that a thin interlayer alloy which is special in components and has a melting temperature slightly lower than that of a base material is used as a connecting material to be heated under a vacuum condition, so that a low-melting-point liquid phase is formed between the base material and the interlayer, and after the liquid phase is uniformly diffused, isothermal solidification is carried out, and finally a joint with uniform tissues is formed.
TLP diffusion bonding has been successfully applied to the joining of various superalloys and is considered the first joining method for nickel-based superalloys. Currently, interlayer alloys are mainly applied to TLP diffusion bonding in the form of powder and foil strips. The nickel-based high-temperature alloy has extremely high melting point, so that the preparation of the intermediate layer alloy powder is extremely difficult and the cost is high; in addition, nickel-based alloys tend to be alloyed with an intermetallic compound Ni3Al is used as a matrix, and electromagnetic heating and stirring cannot be performed due to the non-magnetism of the Al, so that the preparation of the high-temperature alloy interlayer foil by adopting the conventional mainstream melt-spinning process is very difficult. Because of the refractoriness and high-temperature oxidation of the high-temperature alloy, the high-temperature alloy is usually prepared by a vacuum arc melting method in laboratories and industrial production. Although the wire cutting method can be used for cutting sheet metal, the superalloy prepared by the vacuum arc melting method has small sample size and is in a flat button shape, and the fixture is extremely difficult to fix, so that great challenge is brought to the subsequent preparation of sheet superalloy with any shape by wire cutting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a sheet nickel-based superalloy, which adopts low-melting-point metal to clamp and fix the button-shaped superalloy, greatly reduces the processing difficulty, simplifies the production process, and can obtain the sheet nickel-based superalloy at extremely low cost, thereby effectively reducing the production cost, remarkably reducing the size and volume of raw materials required for preparing the sheet nickel-based superalloy, and reducing waste materials in the processing process, thereby improving the utilization rate of the nickel-based superalloy.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a sheet nickel-based superalloy, which is prepared by the above method. The flaky nickel-based superalloy has low preparation cost, is used as an intermediate alloy layer, and can be applied to a TLP diffusion welding process of a nickel-based superalloy sample.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a preparation method of a sheet nickel-based superalloy, which comprises the following steps:
placing a solid button-shaped nickel-based high-temperature alloy sample at the bottom of a casting mold, and casting liquid low-melting-point metal in the mold;
after the low-melting-point metal is solidified and cooled to room temperature, detaching the casting mold to obtain a solid low-melting-point metal sample matched with the shape of the solid button-shaped nickel-based superalloy sample;
coating the adhesive on the matching surface of the nickel-based superalloy sample and the solid low-melting-point metal sample to enable the nickel-based superalloy sample to be matched with the matching surface of the solid low-melting-point metal sample, pressurizing two ends of the matching surface, and obtaining a rod-shaped connecting piece after the adhesive is cured;
processing the rod-shaped connecting piece to a specified size and shape;
the nickel-based superalloy of the bar bond was partially cut into a sheet-like nickel-based superalloy having a predetermined thickness.
The invention provides a flaky nickel-based superalloy which is prepared by the preparation method of the flaky nickel-based superalloy.
The preparation method of the flaky nickel-based superalloy of the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the traditional TLP diffusion welding process needs to prepare intermediate layer alloy powder or foil strips, the preparation of the high-temperature alloy powder or foil strips has extremely high requirements on expensive equipment, a large amount of intermediate layer alloy needs to be consumed in one-time preparation, and the processing process is complex and high in cost; the method provided by the invention can realize the preparation of the lamellar interlayer high-temperature alloy by common processing methods such as smelting, wire cutting and the like, has simple process flow, solves the problem that the small-size flat high-temperature alloy is difficult to clamp, and has the advantage of low processing cost.
In conclusion, the preparation method of the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy adopts the low-melting-point metal to clamp and fix the button-shaped high-temperature alloy, greatly reduces the processing difficulty, simplifies the production process, and can obtain the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy at extremely low cost, thereby effectively reducing the production cost, remarkably reducing the size and volume of raw materials required by preparing the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and reducing the waste materials in the processing process, thereby improving the utilization rate of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy material.
The flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy is prepared by the preparation method of the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy. The flaky nickel-based superalloy has low preparation cost, is used as an intermediate alloy layer, and can be applied to a TLP diffusion welding process of a nickel-based superalloy sample.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a sheet nickel-base superalloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the melting and solidification of a nickel-base superalloy provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a button-shaped superalloy coupon placed on the bottom of a detachable casting mold according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an exploded view and (b) is a cross-sectional view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the preparation of a low melting point metal coupon that is topographically matched to a superalloy coupon provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a rod connector formed by bonding a nickel-based superalloy and a low-melting-point metal mating surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rod connector according to an embodiment of the present invention being wire cut to a predetermined size;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a wire-cut nickel-base superalloy with a specified thickness according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The method for preparing the sheet-shaped nickel-base superalloy according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a sheet nickel-based superalloy, including:
placing a solid button-shaped nickel-based high-temperature alloy sample at the bottom of a casting mold, and casting liquid low-melting-point metal in the mold;
after the low-melting-point metal is solidified and cooled to room temperature, detaching the casting mold to obtain a solid low-melting-point metal sample matched with the shape of the solid button-shaped nickel-based superalloy sample;
coating the adhesive on the matching surface of the nickel-based superalloy sample and the solid low-melting-point metal sample to enable the nickel-based superalloy sample to be matched with the matching surface of the solid low-melting-point metal sample, pressurizing two ends of the matching surface, and obtaining a rod-shaped connecting piece after the adhesive is cured;
processing the rod-shaped connecting piece to a specified size and shape;
the nickel-based superalloy of the bar bond was partially cut into a sheet-like nickel-based superalloy having a predetermined thickness.
According to the preparation method of the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy, the button-shaped high-temperature alloy is clamped and fixed by adopting the low-melting-point metal, so that the processing difficulty is greatly reduced, the production process is simplified, and meanwhile, the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy can be obtained at extremely low cost, so that the production cost is effectively reduced, the size and the volume of raw materials required for preparing the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy are obviously reduced, the waste materials in the processing process are few, and the utilization rate of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy material can be improved.
Referring to fig. 1 again, in the present embodiment, the solid button-shaped ni-based superalloy sample is obtained by melting the raw material in the melting mold by arc heating in a vacuum arc melting furnace, and cooling and solidifying.
In addition, as a preferable scheme, in the process of heating the nickel-based superalloy by adopting the electric arc, the heating is performed for multiple times, and the next heating is performed after the nickel-based superalloy which is heated and melted for the last time is cooled, so that the components of the nickel-based superalloy are uniform. Repeated heating can ensure the even components of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
Referring to fig. 1 again, in the present embodiment, the low melting point metal is obtained by placing a lump of low melting point metal in a corundum or graphite crucible and heating the mixture to a liquid state by a melting furnace or a resistance furnace.
Specifically, the step of placing the blocky low-melting-point metal in a corundum or graphite crucible and heating the blocky low-melting-point metal to be in a liquid state through a smelting furnace or a resistance furnace specifically comprises the following steps:
putting a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride into a corundum or graphite crucible as a covering agent;
heating in a smelting furnace or an electric resistance furnace until the covering agent is completely molten;
and putting the pure tin block into a corundum or graphite crucible containing a covering agent, and continuously heating to ensure that the pure tin block is completely melted in the covering agent to be in a liquid state.
Referring again to fig. 1 to 7, in the embodiment of the present invention, the casting mold is a detachable mold, and the diameter of the casting mold is the same as that of the ni-based superalloy coupon. Placing the button-shaped high-temperature alloy sample at the bottom of a special detachable casting mold with the same or similar diameter size, then casting liquid low-melting-point metal in the mold, and detaching the casting mold after the low-melting-point metal is solidified and cooled to room temperature to obtain the solid low-melting-point metal sample matched with the solid button-shaped high-temperature alloy in shape.
In detail, in the embodiment of the present invention, the binder is obtained by adding graphite powder to the modified acrylate and mixing them uniformly. And as a preferred scheme, the binder is obtained by adding graphite powder into the modified acrylate, uniformly stirring, adding the curing agent, and uniformly stirring again. The addition of the curing agent is beneficial to curing the whole adhesive and shortens the curing time.
Referring again to fig. 1 to 7, in the embodiment of the present invention, the step of processing the bar-shaped connecting member to a predetermined size and shape is performed by a wire cutting method; the wire cutting method is used in the step of cutting the portion of the nickel-based superalloy specimen of the bar coupler to a sheet-like nickel-based superalloy having a predetermined thickness. The preparation of the lamellar interlayer high-temperature alloy can be realized by common processing methods such as smelting, linear cutting and the like, the process flow is simple, the problem that the small-size flat high-temperature alloy is difficult to clamp is solved, and the method has the advantage of low processing cost.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the flaky nickel-based superalloy, which is prepared by the preparation method of the flaky nickel-based superalloy. The flaky nickel-based superalloy has low preparation cost, is used as an intermediate alloy layer, and can be applied to a TLP diffusion welding process of a nickel-based superalloy sample.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
To prepare a disk-shaped nickel base (Ni) with the diameter of 15mm and the thickness of 0.3mm3Al) superalloy, for example, comprising the steps of:
1) placing powdery or blocky metals (including Ni, Al, melting-down element B and other elements) in a melting mould of a non-consumable vacuum melting furnace in a vacuum arc melting furnace according to designed element components, and then adopting electric arc heating to melt the nickel-based high-temperature alloy to be prepared; and (3) repeatedly heating the high-temperature alloy to a molten state for a plurality of times after the high-temperature alloy is cooled so as to ensure that the alloy components are uniform, and finally solidifying to obtain a button-shaped high-temperature alloy sample, wherein the diameter of the prepared solid button-shaped high-temperature alloy sample is about 20mm as shown in figure 2.
2) Processing a detachable stainless steel casting mold, wherein the diameter of an inner cavity of the mold is 20mm, the specific structure is shown as figure 3(a), placing a solid high-temperature alloy sample at the bottom of the casting mold, and then fastening the mold to prepare for casting low-melting-point metal, as shown as figure 3 (b);
3) putting 50g of a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride (mixed according to the mass fraction of 1: 1.3) serving as a covering agent into a corundum crucible, heating the corundum crucible in a well-type resistance furnace to completely melt the covering agent, putting a proper amount of tin blocks (pure tin) into the crucible containing the melted covering agent, continuously heating the tin blocks to 500 ℃ to completely melt the tin blocks in the covering agent to be in a liquid state, then casting the liquid tin into a mold preset with a high-temperature alloy, and detaching the casting mold after the liquid tin is solidified to the room temperature, so that a tin bar sample matched with the shape of a contact surface of the high-temperature alloy sample can be obtained as shown in figure 4, wherein the tin bar sample is not wetted by the nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
4) Adding graphite powder (with the mass fraction of 40 percent and the particle size of about 50 microns) into the modified acrylate, uniformly stirring, adding a curing agent, uniformly stirring, coating on a matching surface corresponding to a tin rod and a high-temperature alloy, matching the tin rod and the high-temperature alloy matching surface, and pressing and curing to obtain a firm rod-shaped connecting piece with certain conductive capacity, as shown in FIG. 5;
5) clamping one side of tin of the connecting piece, and processing a rod-shaped test sample with the diameter size of 15mm by adopting a wire cutting method, as shown in FIG. 6;
6) one side of the connecting piece tin with the diameter of 15mm is clamped, and a sheet-shaped high-temperature alloy sample with the thickness of 0.3mm is cut by adopting a wire cutting method to obtain a sheet-shaped nickel-based high-temperature alloy with the required shape and thickness, as shown in figure 7.
In conclusion, the preparation method of the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy adopts the low-melting-point metal to clamp and fix the button-shaped high-temperature alloy, greatly reduces the processing difficulty, simplifies the production process, and can obtain the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy at extremely low cost, thereby effectively reducing the production cost, remarkably reducing the size and volume of raw materials required by preparing the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and reducing the waste materials in the processing process, thereby improving the utilization rate of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy material.
The flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy is prepared by the preparation method of the flaky nickel-based high-temperature alloy. The flaky nickel-based superalloy has low preparation cost, is used as an intermediate alloy layer, and can be applied to a TLP diffusion welding process of a nickel-based superalloy sample.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a sheet nickel-based superalloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
placing a solid button-shaped nickel-based superalloy sample at the bottom of a casting mold, and casting liquid low-melting-point metal in the mold;
after the low-melting-point metal is solidified and cooled to room temperature, disassembling the casting mold to obtain a solid low-melting-point metal sample matched with the shape of the solid button-shaped nickel-based high-temperature alloy sample;
coating a binder on a matching surface of the nickel-based superalloy sample and the solid low-melting-point metal sample, so that the nickel-based superalloy sample is matched with the matching surface of the solid low-melting-point metal, pressurizing two ends of the matching surface, and curing the binder to obtain a rod-shaped connecting piece;
machining the rod-shaped connecting piece to a specified size and shape;
cutting a portion of the nickel-based superalloy specimen of the bar linkage to a sheet nickel-based superalloy of a prescribed thickness;
wherein the low melting point metal is tin metal.
2. The method for preparing the sheet-like nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the solid button-shaped nickel-based high-temperature alloy sample is obtained by melting raw materials in a melting die through electric arc heating in a vacuum electric arc melting furnace, and cooling and solidifying.
3. The method for preparing the sheet-like nickel-base superalloy according to claim 2, wherein:
in the process of heating the nickel-based high-temperature alloy by adopting electric arcs, the heating times are multiple times, and the next heating is carried out after the nickel-based high-temperature alloy which is heated and melted for the last time is cooled, so that the components of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy are uniform.
4. The method for preparing the sheet-like nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the low-melting-point metal is obtained by placing blocky low-melting-point metal in a corundum or graphite crucible and heating the blocky low-melting-point metal to be in a liquid state through a smelting furnace or a resistance furnace.
5. The method for preparing the sheet nickel-based superalloy according to claim 4, wherein the step of placing the bulk low-melting-point metal in a corundum or graphite crucible and heating the bulk low-melting-point metal to a liquid state by a smelting furnace or an electric resistance furnace specifically comprises:
putting a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride into a corundum or graphite crucible as a covering agent;
heating in a smelting furnace or an electric resistance furnace until the covering agent is completely molten;
and putting the pure tin block into the corundum or the graphite crucible containing the covering agent, and continuously heating to ensure that the pure tin block is completely melted to be in a liquid state in the covering agent.
6. The method for preparing the sheet-like nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the casting die is a detachable die, and the diameter size of the casting die is the same as that of the nickel-based superalloy sample.
7. The method for preparing the sheet-like nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the binder is obtained by adding graphite powder into modified acrylate and uniformly mixing.
8. The method for preparing the sheet-like nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the binder is obtained by adding graphite powder into modified acrylate, uniformly stirring, adding a curing agent, and uniformly stirring again.
9. The method for preparing the sheet-like nickel-base superalloy according to claim 1, wherein:
the step of processing the rod-shaped connecting piece to the specified size and shape adopts a linear cutting method;
the step of cutting the portion of the nickel-based superalloy specimen of the bar connection member to the sheet-like nickel-based superalloy having a predetermined thickness is performed by a wire cutting method.
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Address after: 510000 363 Changxin Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong. Patentee after: China Uzbekistan Welding Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Sciences Address before: 510000 courtyard, no.363, Changxing Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: Guangdong Welding Institute (China-Ukraine E.O. Paton Institute of Welding) |