CN108781959A - 一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺 - Google Patents

一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺 Download PDF

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CN108781959A
CN108781959A CN201810433452.7A CN201810433452A CN108781959A CN 108781959 A CN108781959 A CN 108781959A CN 201810433452 A CN201810433452 A CN 201810433452A CN 108781959 A CN108781959 A CN 108781959A
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grafting
scion
fingered citron
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倪潇潇
倪光明
倪仁任
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Dongting Township Guangde County Planting Green Seedlings For Family Farms
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺，所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺具体包括以下步骤：选野生柠檬秋后入室盆栽，选盆栽野生柠檬枝干作为砧木，用嫁接刀除去韧皮部树皮，不伤到木质部，每个砧木切出1～3个嫁接位置；选盆栽佛手苗作为接穗，在佛手苗上用嫁接刀切除韧皮部树皮，不伤及木质部；将接穗与砧木切口紧靠并用，用营养愈合液涂抹嫁接伤口，用塑料条对嫁接处进行包扎，再用浸泡过营养杀菌液的湿纱布包裹缠绕，最后用保鲜膜缠绕待其生长，本发明有效提高接穗的存活率，而且嫁接后的接穗生长快、完好地保留了原生性状，提升了育种繁殖效率，方法简单，容易操作，实用性高，嫁接好的佛手提高了观赏价值和营养价值，带来了经济效益。

Description

一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及植株嫁接技术领域，具体涉及一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺。
背景技术
佛手，古称飞穰，又名佛手柑、五指柑、佛手香橼，属芸香科柑桔属常绿小乔木或灌木。佛手原产中国和印度，是一种名贵的果花卉和药用植物，也是我国著名的观果花卉之一。佛手冬至时成熟，果实呈古铜色，香气袭人，不仅具有很高的观赏价值，而且也是一种健胃、理气的中药。用佛手的叶、花、果泡茶浸酒饮用，有理气健脾、化痰止咳、舒筋活血之功效。因此佛手的推广种植具有较高的经济价值和社会意义。
由于佛手没有种子，其繁殖的方式只能是嫁接繁殖或扦插繁殖，嫁接繁殖就是把植株营养器官的一部分，也就是枝或者芽，嫁接在另一植株上，使两者愈合、生长在一起而成为一个新个体的繁殖方法。嫁接苗的特点是砧木吸收的养分和水分输送给接穗，接穗又把同化后的物质输送给砧木，两者形成了共生关系。嫁接的优点是成苗快、可提前开花结果。由于接穗嫁接时已处于成熟阶段，砧木根系强大，能提供充足的营养，使其生长旺盛，有助于养分积累。所以嫁接苗比扦插苗生长茁壮，提早开花结实；另外它们对不良环境条件的抵抗能力和适应能力更好(如抗病虫害、抗寒性、抗旱性等都比较好)，而且生长势更旺盛，植株的寿命也更长。
嫁接佛手苗的缺点是操作的过程较烦琐，对技术要求较高，并要事先培养与接穗具有较强亲和力的砧木，生产程序比较复杂。影响嫁接成活的主要因素是接穗和砧木的亲和力，其次是嫁接的技术和嫁接后的管理。所谓亲合力，就是接穗和砧木在内部组织结构上、生理和遗传上，彼此相同或相近，从而能互相结合在一起的能力。亲和力高，嫁接成活率高。反之，则成活率低。为了提高佛手苗嫁接的成活率，种植人员和研究人员在砧木的选择方面作了一些改进，例如有报道称农民通过将佛手嫁接到柠檬上获得了盆栽佛手的市场走俏，也有将佛手嫁接到同属同科的柑橘上报道，但由于未在嫁接佛手的生长发育、遗传栽培、品质优劣等方面进行深入研究，最终出现千亩嫁接苗夭折的失败局面。因此，选择合适的砧木，提高嫁接的成活率和佛手的产量，依然是佛手种植业需要深入研究的课题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种成活率高、生长速率快、嫁接稳定可靠的、繁殖效果好的佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺。
为实现本发明目的，采用的技术方案是：一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺，所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺具体包括以下步骤：
1).制作盆景：选3～4年生、生长旺盛、无病虫害、粗壮的粗度为3～10cm的枝干的野生柠檬秋后入室盆栽，剪短枝条保留3～4片叶，放置于5～8℃室内向阳处养护，春季出室后，用营养液灌根，剪除细弱新枝；
所述营养液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：桑基鱼塘水1000～1500份、吲哚乙酸钾盐0.05～0.12份、硫酸铁0.03～0.05份、硝酸铜0.005～0.009份、氯化镁0.08～0.012份、蚕沙浸出液500～1000份、维生素0.01～0.08份、氨基酸0.5～1.2份、葡萄糖0.8～1.6份、磷酸氢铵0.1～0.4份、硝酸钾0.05～0.15份、尿素0.05～0.08份和化粪池水1000～1500份；
2).选择砧木：选盆栽野生柠檬生长壮实、无病虫害、粗度为3～6cm的枝干作为砧木，用嫁接刀除去距离地面8～10cm砧木上长度为3～5cm、宽度为1～2cm的韧皮部树皮，不伤到木质部，在距离第一处切口位置10～30cm并螺旋上升180°得位置用嫁接刀切除同样的韧皮部，每个砧木切出1～3个嫁接位置；
3).选择接穗：选1～2年生长旺盛、芽饱满、无病虫害的优良品种上部发育的长度为40～80cm的盆栽佛手苗作为接穗，除去老黄叶，保留全部正在萌发或即将萌发的芽孢和嫩叶，接穗的胸径为2～4cm，在距离佛手苗根部20～30cm处用嫁接刀切除长度为3～5cm、宽度为1～2cm的韧皮部树皮，不伤及木质部；
4).靠接嫁接：用80～100mg/L的萘乙酸蘸刷砧木与接穗的切口处2～3次，将接穗与砧木切口紧靠并用，再用营养愈合液涂抹嫁接伤口，用塑料条对嫁接处进行包扎，塑料条之间相隔0.3～1cm，再用浸泡过营养杀菌液的湿纱布包裹缠绕，最后用保鲜膜在嫁接处上部1～3cm处进行螺旋缠绕至嫁接处下部1～3cm；
所述营养愈合液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：淘米水10～30份、柳树浸出液0.08～0.12份、维生素0.001～0.008份、氨基酸0.01～0.03份、葡萄糖0.02～0.04份、磷酸二氢钾0.07～0.1份、尿素0.03～0.06份、槲皮素0.001～0.005份、多菌灵0.01～0.03份、豆油3～6份和牛粪5～10份；
所述营养杀菌液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：草木灰浸出液1000～3000份、吲哚丁酸钾盐0.005～0.008份、维生素0.01～0.08份、氨基酸1～3份、葡萄糖2～4份、脂肪酸0.1～0.5份、磷酸二氢钾0.6～0.9份、碳酸氢铵0.5～0.9份、纳米铜0.001～0.005份、纳米银0.002～0.004份、抗菌肽0.001～0.003份、多菌灵0.01～0.03份和大蒜浸出液0.3～0.6份；
5).后期培养：待嫁接伤口愈合后拆除保鲜膜，并用稀释2～5倍的营养液对嫁接处进行喷洒2～3次，接穗正常长出嫩芽或者嫩叶后拆掉纱布，继续喷洒营养液，每次间隔10～15天以上，持续1～3个月，至嫁接处长出嫩叶并正常进行光合作用后拆除塑料条并剪断嫁接处下部的佛手苗枝干，整个嫁接过程中使用稀释5～10倍的营养液对砧木根部进行灌根，7～15天1次，直到嫁接结束。
优选的，所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺步骤4中嫁接时间设置在春季3月中下旬～4月中上旬。
优选的，所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺步骤1和步骤5中使用的营养液的成分相同。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺杀菌效果好，盆景制作优良美观，能够有效提高接穗的存活率，而且嫁接后的接穗生长快、完好地保留了原生性状，提升了育种繁殖效率，方法简单，容易操作，实用性高，嫁接成功的佛手了其的观赏价值和营养价值，带来了经济效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺的操作示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参阅图1所示，本发明提供一种技术方案：一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺，所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺具体包括以下步骤：
1).制作盆景：选4年生、生长旺盛、无病虫害、粗壮的粗度为4～8cm的枝干的野生柠檬秋后入室盆栽，剪短枝条保留4片叶，放置于5℃室内向阳处养护，春季出室后，用营养液灌根，剪除细弱新枝；
所述营养液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：桑基鱼塘水1500份、吲哚乙酸钾盐0.12份、硫酸铁0.05份、硝酸铜0.009份、氯化镁0.012份、蚕沙浸出液1000份、维生素0.08份、氨基酸1.2份、葡萄糖1.6份、磷酸氢铵0.4份、硝酸钾0.15份、尿素0.08份和化粪池水1500份；
2).选择砧木：选盆栽野生柠檬生长壮实、无病虫害、粗度为4cm的枝干作为砧木，用嫁接刀除去距离地面8cm砧木上长度为4cm、宽度为2cm的韧皮部树皮，不伤到木质部，在距离第一处切口位置20cm并螺旋上升180°得位置用嫁接刀切除同样的韧皮部，每个砧木切出2个嫁接位置；
3).选择接穗：选1年生长旺盛、芽饱满、无病虫害的优良品种上部发育的长度为60cm的盆栽佛手苗作为接穗，除去老黄叶，保留全部正在萌发或即将萌发的芽孢和嫩叶，接穗的胸径为4cm，在距离佛手苗根部20～30cm处用嫁接刀切除长度为4cm、宽度为2cm的韧皮部树皮，不伤及木质部；
4).靠接嫁接：用100mg/L的萘乙酸蘸刷砧木与接穗的切口处3次，将接穗与砧木切口紧靠并用，再用营养愈合液涂抹嫁接伤口，用塑料条对嫁接处进行包扎，塑料条之间相隔0.5cm，再用浸泡过营养杀菌液的湿纱布包裹缠绕，最后用保鲜膜在嫁接处上部2cm处进行螺旋缠绕至嫁接处下部2cm；
所述营养愈合液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：淘米水30份、柳树浸出液0.12份、维生素0.008份、氨基酸0.03份、葡萄糖0.04份、磷酸二氢钾0.1份、尿素0.06份、槲皮素0.005份、多菌灵0.03份、豆油6份和牛粪10份；
所述营养杀菌液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：草木灰浸出液3000份、吲哚丁酸钾盐0.008份、维生素0.08份、氨基酸3份、葡萄糖4份、脂肪酸0.5份、磷酸二氢钾0.9份、碳酸氢铵0.9份、纳米铜0.005份、纳米银0.004份、抗菌肽0.003份、多菌灵0.03份和大蒜浸出液0.6份；
5).后期培养：待嫁接伤口愈合后拆除保鲜膜，并用稀释5倍的营养液对嫁接处进行喷洒3次，接穗正常长出嫩芽或者嫩叶后拆掉纱布，继续喷洒营养液，每次间隔10天以上，持续3个月，至嫁接处长出嫩叶并正常进行光合作用后拆除塑料条并剪断嫁接处下部的佛手苗枝干，整个嫁接过程中使用稀释10倍的营养液对砧木根部进行灌根，15天1次，直到嫁接结束。
其中，所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺步骤4中嫁接时间设置在春季3月下旬～4月上旬。
其中，所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺步骤1和步骤5中使用的营养液的成分相同。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：
所述营养液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：桑基鱼塘水1500份、吲哚乙酸钾盐0.05份、硫酸铁0.05份、硝酸铜0.005份、氯化镁0.012份、蚕沙浸出液500份、维生素0.08份、氨基酸0.5份、葡萄糖1.6份、磷酸氢铵0.1份、硝酸钾0.15份、尿素0.05份和化粪池水1500份；
所述营养愈合液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：淘米水10份、柳树浸出液0.12份、维生素0.001份、氨基酸0.03份、葡萄糖0.02份、磷酸二氢钾0.1份、尿素0.03份、槲皮素0.005份、多菌灵0.01份、豆油6份和牛粪5份；
所述营养杀菌液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：草木灰浸出液3000份、吲哚丁酸钾盐0.005份、维生素0.08份、氨基酸1份、葡萄糖4份、脂肪酸0.1份、磷酸二氢钾0.9份、碳酸氢铵0.5份、纳米铜0.005份、纳米银0.002份、抗菌肽0.003份、多菌灵0.01份和大蒜浸出液0.6份。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：
所述营养液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：桑基鱼塘水1000份、吲哚乙酸钾盐0.12份、硫酸铁0.03份、硝酸铜0.009份、氯化镁0.08份、蚕沙浸出液1000份、维生素0.01份、氨基酸1.2份、葡萄糖0.8份、磷酸氢铵0.4份、硝酸钾0.05份、尿素0.08份和化粪池水1000份；
所述营养愈合液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：淘米水30份、柳树浸出液0.08份、维生素0.008份、氨基酸0.01份、葡萄糖0.04份、磷酸二氢钾0.07份、尿素0.06份、槲皮素0.001份、多菌灵0.03份、豆油3份和牛粪10份；
所述营养杀菌液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：草木灰浸出液1000份、吲哚丁酸钾盐0.008份、维生素0.01份、氨基酸3份、葡萄糖2份、脂肪酸0.5份、磷酸二氢钾0.6份、碳酸氢铵0.9份、纳米铜0.001份、纳米银0.004份、抗菌肽0.001份、多菌灵0.03份和大蒜浸出液0.3份。
在本发明中，本发明佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺杀菌效果好，盆景制作优良美观，能够有效提高接穗的存活率，而且嫁接后的接穗生长快、完好地保留了原生性状，提升了育种繁殖效率，方法简单，容易操作，实用性高，嫁接成功的佛手了其的观赏价值和营养价值，带来了经济效益。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (3)

1.一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺，其特征在于：所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺具体包括以下步骤：
1).制作盆景：选3～4年生、生长旺盛、无病虫害、粗壮的粗度为3～10cm的枝干的野生柠檬秋后入室盆栽，剪短枝条保留3～4片叶，放置于5～8℃室内向阳处养护，春季出室后，用营养液灌根，剪除细弱新枝；
所述营养液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：桑基鱼塘水1000～1500份、吲哚乙酸钾盐0.05～0.12份、硫酸铁0.03～0.05份、硝酸铜0.005～0.009份、氯化镁0.08～0.012份、蚕沙浸出液500～1000份、维生素0.01～0.08份、氨基酸0.5～1.2份、葡萄糖0.8～1.6份、磷酸氢铵0.1～0.4份、硝酸钾0.05～0.15份、尿素0.05～0.08份和化粪池水1000～1500份；
2).选择砧木：选盆栽野生柠檬生长壮实、无病虫害、粗度为3～6cm的枝干作为砧木，用嫁接刀除去距离地面8～10cm砧木上长度为3～5cm、宽度为1～2cm的韧皮部树皮，不伤到木质部，在距离第一处切口位置10～30cm并螺旋上升180°得位置用嫁接刀切除同样的韧皮部，每个砧木切出1～3个嫁接位置；
3).选择接穗：选1～2年生长旺盛、芽饱满、无病虫害的优良品种上部发育的长度为40～80cm的盆栽佛手苗作为接穗，除去老黄叶，保留全部正在萌发或即将萌发的芽孢和嫩叶，接穗的胸径为2～4cm，在距离佛手苗根部20～30cm处用嫁接刀切除长度为3～5cm、宽度为1～2cm的韧皮部树皮，不伤及木质部；
4).靠接嫁接：用80～100mg/L的萘乙酸蘸刷砧木与接穗的切口处2～3次，将接穗与砧木切口紧靠并用，再用营养愈合液涂抹嫁接伤口，用塑料条对嫁接处进行包扎，塑料条之间相隔0.3～1cm，再用浸泡过营养杀菌液的湿纱布包裹缠绕，最后用保鲜膜在嫁接处上部1～3cm处进行螺旋缠绕至嫁接处下部1～3cm；
所述营养愈合液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：淘米水10～30份、柳树浸出液0.08～0.12份、维生素0.001～0.008份、氨基酸0.01～0.03份、葡萄糖0.02～0.04份、磷酸二氢钾0.07～0.1份、尿素0.03～0.06份、槲皮素0.001～0.005份、多菌灵0.01～0.03份、豆油3～6份和牛粪5～10份；
所述营养杀菌液具体包括以下重量份数的组成：草木灰浸出液1000～3000份、吲哚丁酸钾盐0.005～0.008份、维生素0.01～0.08份、氨基酸1～3份、葡萄糖2～4份、脂肪酸0.1～0.5份、磷酸二氢钾0.6～0.9份、碳酸氢铵0.5～0.9份、纳米铜0.001～0.005份、纳米银0.002～0.004份、抗菌肽0.001～0.003份、多菌灵0.01～0.03份和大蒜浸出液0.3～0.6份；
5).后期培养：待嫁接伤口愈合后拆除保鲜膜，并用稀释2～5倍的营养液对嫁接处进行喷洒2～3次，接穗正常长出嫩芽或者嫩叶后拆掉纱布，继续喷洒营养液，每次间隔10～15天以上，持续1～3个月，至嫁接处长出嫩叶并正常进行光合作用后拆除塑料条并剪断嫁接处下部的佛手苗枝干，整个嫁接过程中使用稀释5～10倍的营养液对砧木根部进行灌根，7～15天1次，直到嫁接结束。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺，其特征在于：所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺步骤4中嫁接时间设置在春季3月中下旬～4月中上旬。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种佛手的嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺，其特征在于：所述嫁接繁殖及盆景制作工艺步骤1和步骤5中使用的营养液的成分相同。
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CN111788950A (zh) * 2020-07-20 2020-10-20 云南玉溪久保农业科技开发有限公司 一种杂交柑橘嫁接稳定增产的繁育方法
CN114749656A (zh) * 2020-12-28 2022-07-15 航天神舟生物科技集团有限公司 一种金属纳米铁/纳米铜粒子溶液及工作液的制备方法
CN113439562A (zh) * 2021-07-23 2021-09-28 重庆市农业科学院 一种利用压条快速培育柑橘苗木的方法

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