CN108777532B - Direct current motor system with rotor adopting alternating excitation and excitation control method - Google Patents

Direct current motor system with rotor adopting alternating excitation and excitation control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108777532B
CN108777532B CN201810423308.5A CN201810423308A CN108777532B CN 108777532 B CN108777532 B CN 108777532B CN 201810423308 A CN201810423308 A CN 201810423308A CN 108777532 B CN108777532 B CN 108777532B
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Prior art keywords
rotor
excitation
motor
current
stator
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201810423308.5A
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CN108777532A (en
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周凯
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/282—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling field supply only

Abstract

The invention relates to a direct current motor system with a rotor adopting alternating excitation and an excitation control method. The traditional direct current motor has the problem of commutation when in work, the commutation problem is complex, poor commutation can generate sparks between the carbon brush and the commutator, the surfaces of the carbon brush and the commutator can be damaged, and the motor can not work normally. The invention comprises the following components: stator (3), rotor (2), stator iron core in have a set of stator armature coil (4), stator armature coil be single copper column structure, rotor iron core have a set of salient pole, the salient pole on all twine rotor excitation coil (5), the stator inboard install rotor magnetic field detector (1), rotor magnetic field detector install inside the motor, the rotor excitation controller that uses the singlechip as the core installs outside the motor. The invention is used for a direct current motor system with a rotor adopting alternating excitation.

Description

Direct current motor system with rotor adopting alternating excitation and excitation control method
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a direct current motor system with a rotor adopting alternating excitation and an excitation control method.
Background art:
the direct current motor is an electromagnetic device for realizing the interconversion of direct current electric energy and mechanical energy by utilizing an electromagnetic induction principle, the traditional direct current motor has a commutation problem during working, the commutation problem is complex, and poor commutation can generate sparks between a carbon brush and a commutator, so that the surfaces of the carbon brush and the commutator can be damaged, and the motor can not work normally. The brushless DC motor is a DC motor without commutator, which is composed of semiconductor inverter instead of mechanical commutator in general DC motor, and features reliable running, no spark, no abrasion, low electromagnetic noise, and low vibration.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a direct current motor system with a rotor adopting alternating excitation and an excitation control method.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
a direct current motor system with a rotor adopting alternating excitation comprises the following components: the stator comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein a group of stator armature coils are arranged in the stator core, the stator armature coils are of a single copper column structure, the rotor core is provided with a group of salient poles, rotor magnet exciting coils are wound on the salient poles, a rotor magnetic field detector is installed on the inner side of the stator, the rotor magnetic field detector is installed in the motor, and a rotor excitation controller taking a single chip microcomputer as a core is installed outside the motor.
The rotor adopts an alternating excitation direct current motor system, the winding direction and the number of turns of the stator core, the stator armature coil, the rotor core and the rotor excitation coil are determined according to the actual motor type and the operation mode, a direct current excitation control mode is adopted during the operation of the motor, the magnetic field generated by the excitation coil of the rotor of the motor is unchanged relative to the stator during the direct current excitation, the electrifying direction of each rotor coil is changed along with the change of the position of the rotor, and the rotating speed is kept constant during the operation of the motor.
A DC motor system with rotor adopting alternating excitation and an excitation control method are provided. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, dividing a motor into two parts, electrifying currents in the same direction on a group of rotor excitation coils on the upper half part, and generating a magnetic field with the polarity of N on a rotor iron core; the same number of rotor excitation coils on the lower half part are electrified with current in the opposite direction of the upper half part, and the polarity of a magnetic field generated by the rotor core is S;
the stator armature coil adopts a single copper column structure to replace a surrounding structure, the point and the fork represent different current directions, when the motor works, the magnetic field direction in the area is detected by the rotor magnetic field detector, the rotor rotates clockwise, when the rotor with the magnetic field direction of N above the reversing point is close to the reversing point, the sensor outputs signals outwards, the controller changes the direction of the exciting current in the rotor coil, and simultaneously, the current in the other rotor exciting coil symmetrical to the rotor center is converted in the opposite direction, so that the magnetic field directions of the upper rotor part and the lower rotor part are always kept unchanged at any moment, the motor always rotates in the same direction, the rotating speed and the torque of the motor are determined by the magnitude of the exciting current of the rotor, if the motor needs to operate in the opposite direction, two modes can be adopted:
(1) the polarity of the magnetic fields of the upper and lower rotor iron cores is changed, namely the direction of the rotor exciting current is changed, so that the motor can be controlled to run reversely;
(2) changing the direction of current in the upper and lower stator coils;
the division of the magnetic field direction in the rotor is determined by the position of a commutation point and the direction of current in a stator armature coil, and the position of the commutation point has no influence on the performance index of the motor;
the rotor coil rotates in real time along with the rotor, in a direct-current excitation mode, excitation electric energy of the rotor coil needs to be loaded by using a slip ring, a rotor excitation controller provides current for a rotor excitation coil through the slip ring, and the rotor excitation controller can adjust the size and the direction of the excitation current under the control of a single chip microcomputer;
the rotor excitation circuit is a control circuit required by a group of excitation windings, the rotor in the motor comprises a plurality of groups of excitation windings, and the rotor excitation control of one motor is completed by the plurality of groups of circuits;
in the controlled circuit, the power component uses MOSFET, L1Is a flat wave inductor, L2Being field coils of the rotor, U1Is Q1Driver of, U2The rotor exciting current can be detected in real time by a current sensor, P1.0-P1.4 are connected with I/O pins of the singlechip, and P5.14 is connected with an A/D conversion interface of the singlechip. When the circuit is excited, the pulse signal with adjustable width is added to the No. 2 pin of IR2101 from P1.0 port of single-chip computer, and Q is high level1Is conducted and the power supply is conducted to the load L2Supplying power, the load current rising according to an exponential curve, Q at low level1Off, load current through D2、L1、R1Follow current, load current decreasing in exponential curve, series inductor L for making load current continuous and reducing pulsation1The inductance value of the load current is not too small, the same process is repeated until one cycle is finished, and when the circuit reaches a steady state, the initial value and the final value of the load current in one cycle are equal; the circuit at the side of the exciting winding adopts a bridge circuit composed of four triodes, Q2And Q5、Q3And Q4And the pair is conducted, so that the current direction of the excitation winding can be controlled.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention relates to a novel direct current motor with a rotor adopting alternating excitation and an excitation control method thereof.
When the motor works in a power generation state, the stator armature can directly generate direct current without rectification, and the motor has the biggest characteristic that a converter is not needed for exchanging main electromechanical energy, so that the system efficiency can be improved.
The rotation direction, the rotation speed and the torque of the motor are controlled by the rotor excitation controller, the excitation electric energy of the rotor coil can be loaded by using a slip ring, wherein the slip ring is used as an electric rotating joint, the excitation current can be transmitted to the rotor coil from a fixed structure when the motor rotates continuously without limit, and the working condition of the motor in a rotating state is detected.
The rotor magnetic field detector is characterized in that the polarity of a magnetic field at a reversing point can be detected.
The invention cancels the brush structure of the traditional direct current motor from the structure of the motor body, simultaneously cancels the electronic reversing mechanism relative to the brushless direct current motor, has simple and reliable structure, and is easy to manufacture and maintain compared with the traditional direct current motor without a permanent magnet.
The stator armature coil adopted by the invention adopts a single copper column structure to replace the traditional surrounding structure, and the fullness rate of the stator core slot of the structure is close to 100%.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a control scheme diagram of the rotor excitation controller of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a control circuit diagram of the rotor excitation controller of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1:
a direct current motor system with a rotor adopting alternating excitation comprises the following components: the stator comprises a stator 3 and a rotor 2, wherein a group of stator armature coils 4 are arranged in the stator iron core, the stator armature coils are of a single copper column structure, the rotor iron core is provided with a group of salient poles, rotor magnet exciting coils 5 are wound on the salient poles, a rotor magnetic field detector 1 is installed on the inner side of the stator, the rotor magnetic field detector is installed in the motor, and a rotor excitation controller which takes a single chip microcomputer as a core is installed outside the motor.
Example 2:
the direct current motor system with the rotor adopting the alternating excitation according to the embodiment 1, wherein the winding directions and the number of turns of the stator core, the stator armature coil, the rotor core and the rotor excitation coil are determined according to the actual motor type and the operation mode, in the motor operation, a direct current excitation control mode is adopted, during the direct current excitation, the magnetic field generated by the excitation coil of the rotor of the motor is unchanged relative to the stator, the energizing direction of each rotor coil is changed along with the change of the position of the rotor, and the rotating speed of the motor in the operation is maintained to be constant.
Example 3:
an excitation control method for a direct current motor system using alternating excitation with the rotor described in embodiment 1-2, the method comprising: firstly, dividing a motor into two parts, electrifying currents in the same direction on a group of rotor excitation coils on the upper half part, and generating a magnetic field with the polarity of N on a rotor iron core; the same number of rotor excitation coils on the lower half part are electrified with current in the opposite direction of the upper half part, and the polarity of a magnetic field generated by the rotor core is S;
the stator armature coil adopts a single copper column structure to replace a surrounding structure, the point and the fork represent different current directions, when the motor works, the magnetic field direction in the area is detected by the rotor magnetic field detector, the rotor rotates clockwise, when the rotor with the magnetic field direction of N above the reversing point is close to the reversing point, the sensor outputs signals outwards, the controller changes the direction of the exciting current in the rotor coil, and simultaneously, the current in the other rotor exciting coil symmetrical to the rotor center is converted in the opposite direction, so that the magnetic field directions of the upper rotor part and the lower rotor part are always kept unchanged at any moment, the motor always rotates in the same direction, the rotating speed and the torque of the motor are determined by the magnitude of the exciting current of the rotor, if the motor needs to operate in the opposite direction, two modes can be adopted:
(1) the polarity of the magnetic fields of the upper and lower rotor iron cores is changed, namely the direction of the rotor exciting current is changed, so that the motor can be controlled to run reversely;
(2) the direction of current in the stator coils of the upper part and the lower part is changed, the division of the direction of the magnetic field in the rotor is determined by the position of a commutation point and the direction of the current in the armature coil of the stator, and the position of the commutation point has no influence on the performance index of the motor;
the rotor coil rotates in real time along with the rotor, in a direct-current excitation mode, excitation electric energy of the rotor coil needs to be loaded by using a slip ring, a rotor excitation controller provides current for a rotor excitation coil through the slip ring, and the rotor excitation controller can adjust the size and the direction of the excitation current under the control of a single chip microcomputer;
the rotor excitation circuit is a control circuit required by a group of excitation windings, the rotor in the motor comprises a plurality of groups of excitation windings, and the rotor excitation control of one motor is completed by the plurality of groups of circuits;
in the controlled circuit, the power component uses MOSFET (Q) of full-control device1)，L1Is a flat wave inductor, L2Being field coils of the rotor, U1Is Q1Driver of, U2The rotor exciting current can be detected in real time by a current sensor, P1.0-P1.4 are connected with I/O (input/output) pins of a singlechip, and P5.14 is connected with an A/D (analog/digital) conversion interface of the singlechip. When the circuit is excited to control, the pulse signal with adjustable width is added to IR2101 (U) from P1.0 port of single-chip computer1) Pin 2, high Q1Is conducted and the power supply is conducted to the load L2Supplying power, the load current rising according to an exponential curve, Q at low level1Off, load current through D2、L1、R1Follow current, load current decreasing in exponential curve, series inductor L for making load current continuous and reducing pulsation1The inductance value of the load current is not too small, the same process is repeated until one cycle is finished, and when the circuit reaches a steady state, the initial value and the final value of the load current in one cycle are equal; the circuit at the side of the exciting winding adopts a bridge circuit composed of four triodes, Q2And Q5、Q3And Q4And the pair is conducted, so that the current direction of the excitation winding can be controlled.

Claims (1)

1. An excitation control method of a direct current motor system with a rotor adopting alternating excitation comprises the following steps: stator, rotor, characterized by: the stator is internally provided with a group of stator armature coils which are in a single copper column structure, the rotor is provided with a group of salient poles, rotor magnet exciting coils are wound on the salient poles, a rotor magnetic field detector is arranged on the inner side of the stator and is arranged in the motor, and a rotor excitation controller taking a single chip microcomputer as a core is arranged outside the motor;
the winding direction and the number of turns of the stator, the stator armature coil, the rotor and the rotor exciting coil are determined according to the actual motor type and the operation mode, a direct current excitation control mode is adopted in the operation of the motor, the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil of the rotor of the motor is unchanged relative to the stator during direct current excitation, the electrifying direction of each rotor coil is changed along with the change of the position of the rotor, and the rotating speed is kept constant during the operation of the motor;
the excitation control method of the alternating excitation direct current motor system is adopted by the rotor, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, dividing a motor into two parts, electrifying currents in the same direction on a group of rotor excitation coils on the upper half part, and generating a magnetic field with the polarity of N on a rotor iron core; the same number of rotor excitation coils on the lower half part are electrified with current in the opposite direction of the upper half part, and the polarity of a magnetic field generated by the rotor core is S;
the stator armature coil adopts a single copper column structure to replace a surrounding structure, the point and the fork represent different current directions, when the motor works, the magnetic field direction in the air gap area between the adjacent stator and rotor is detected by the rotor magnetic field detector, the rotor rotates clockwise, when the rotor with the magnetic field direction N above the commutation point approaches the commutation point, the sensor outputs a signal outwards, the controller changes the direction of the exciting current in the rotor coil, at the same time, the current in the excitation coil of another rotor which is symmetrical with the center of the rotor is converted in the opposite direction, this has just guaranteed at any moment, and the magnetic field direction of upper and lower two parts rotor remains unchanged all the time, and the motor rotates along same direction all the time, and the rotational speed and the torque of motor are decided by rotor exciting current's size, if need the motor to move in opposite direction, can adopt two kinds of modes:
(1) the polarity of the magnetic fields of the upper and lower rotor iron cores is changed, namely the direction of the rotor exciting current is changed, so that the motor can be controlled to run reversely;
(2) changing the direction of current in the upper and lower stator coils;
the division of the magnetic field direction in the rotor is determined by the position of a commutation point and the direction of current in a stator armature coil, and the position of the commutation point has no influence on the performance index of the motor;
the rotor excitation coil rotates in real time along with the rotor, in a direct-current excitation mode, excitation electric energy of the rotor excitation coil needs to be loaded by using a slip ring, a rotor excitation controller provides current for the rotor excitation coil through the slip ring, and the rotor excitation controller can adjust the size and the direction of the excitation current under the control of a single chip microcomputer;
the rotor excitation circuit is a control circuit required by a group of excitation windings, the rotor in the motor comprises a plurality of groups of excitation windings, and the rotor excitation control of one motor is completed by the plurality of groups of circuits;
in the rotor excitation circuit, a power component uses a full-control device MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor), namely Q1, L1 is a flat wave inductor, L2 is a rotor excitation coil, U1 is a driver of Q1, U2 is a current sensor and can detect rotor excitation current in real time, the labels of pins at one sides of resistors R2-R5 are P1.0-P1.4 respectively and are connected with an I/O pin of a single chip microcomputer, the label of a pin 7 of U2 is P5.14 and is connected with an A/D conversion interface of the single chip microcomputer, when the circuit carries out excitation control, a pulse signal with adjustable width is added to a pin 2 of an IR2101 from a port P1.0 of the single chip microcomputer, Q1 is switched on at high level, a power supply supplies power to the rotor excitation coil L2, load current rises according to an exponential curve, Q1 is switched off at low level, the load current continues current through a follow current diode D2, the load current is decreased in an exponential curve, in order to enable the load current to be continuous and reduce pulsation, the inductance value of the flat wave inductor L1 connected in series is not too small, the same process is repeated when a cycle is finished, and when the circuit reaches a steady state, the initial value and the final value of the load current in the cycle are equal; the excitation winding side circuit adopts a bridge circuit formed by four triodes Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, and the Q2 and the Q5, the Q3 and the Q4 are conducted in pairs, so that the current direction of the excitation winding can be controlled.
CN201810423308.5A 2018-02-01 2018-05-06 Direct current motor system with rotor adopting alternating excitation and excitation control method Expired - Fee Related CN108777532B (en)

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CN201810102584 2018-02-01
CN2018101025841 2018-02-01

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CN108777532B true CN108777532B (en) 2020-05-05

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1024877C (en) * 1990-04-05 1994-06-01 长沙铁道学院 DC motor with magnetic pole and magnetic field commutator
DE602005018397D1 (en) * 2005-07-06 2010-01-28 Elckon Ltd ELECTRIC MOTOR
CN101944814A (en) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-12 谢庆生 Switched reluctance motor with electromotion and power generation conversion function used for electric vehicle
CN204168103U (en) * 2014-08-21 2015-02-18 马力 A kind of electric exciting brushless direct current machine
CN106230212B (en) * 2016-08-22 2018-09-25 北京理工大学 A kind of single phase multi high frequency aluminium winding electric machine

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