CN1087774A - 桦液采割技术 - Google Patents
桦液采割技术 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种桦树液的采割技术，采液是利用
桦树伤流现象。春季气温回升至0℃～10℃时，在桦
树活立木离地面10～30cm处打孔，孔径5～10mm，
孔深4～6cm，负荷率≤10％；采液方式为封闭式；采
液工器具要清洗、消毒；桦液贮藏温度为0℃～10℃，
从采割至加工不超过24小时。本技术为有效地利
用山区森林资源，为山区人民脱贫致富提供科学依
据。
Description
本发明桦液采割技术，属于林业中树汁的割采领域。
桦树采液是利用桦树伤流现象，将伤流液收集起来进行加工利用，桦树液中含有对人体有益的多种营养成分，是一种很有价值的天然饮料，我国桦树资源丰富，桦树品种有34种，主要分布在东北、华北、西北、西南地区，面积达五千多万亩，仅河北丰宁就有114万亩，占现有林面积的45%，山区农民上山作业时，有取桦树液解渴的习惯，虽也有人采割桦液作药，作酒等，但因没有掌握科学的采割方法，在采割时机，气温、及如何打孔，导液、密封、消毒等方面没有掌握自然规律和使用先进的采割技术，往往造成资源浪费。
本发明的目的在于有效地开发利用桦树液这一山区资源，在研究桦树流液规律的基础上，研究出一整套科学而完整的桦液采割技术，有计划的分期分批打孔采液，将桦树液加工制成天然保健饮料。
本发明桦液采割技术的主要内容为：在春季树液流动时，气温0℃～10℃时采割，采割桦树径级为≥14cm，在离地面10～30cm处打孔，孔径5-10mm，孔深4～6cm，孔内塞入相应直径的橡胶塞，橡胶塞上打孔插入导液管，导液管另端插入封闭式受液器中，视产量多少，每天收液1～2次，倒入密闭贮罐。为防变质、容器、贮罐和工具，导管都要彻底清洗和消毒，温度保持在10℃以下。
负荷率是指钻孔直径和深度在树干断面上切割的面积与树干横断面积之比，钻孔的数量、直径、深度、决定负荷率大小，负荷率的选择，应从年计划产液量、劳动生产率和对树木生长的影响来综合考虑，负荷率以不超过10%为宜，胸径14cm以下桦树钻一个孔，胸径16～24cm的桦树钻两个孔，胸径25cm以上者钻2-3个孔。正常采割应在桦树流液高峰进行，但为了加工需要，使采液期内有一个均衡的日产量，根据流液规律，可在采液期的中后期再开第二批和第三批孔，以保持一个均衡的日产量。
本发明的具体实施方式如下：
为了作业方便，首先在桦树打孔部位刮去部分树皮，刮出一个平面再打孔，钻孔的中心线呈水平方向或孔口稍向下倾斜，防止以后从孔口灌入雨水造成木材腐烂，钻孔后要立即清除孔内木渣。钻孔高度和方位要考虑不影响木材质量，采液年限和作业方便。一般采液2～3年后就采伐的桦树，可在离地面15～20cm范围内逐年换方位钻孔。如果要作为长期10～20年采液的桦树可在离地面15～16cm高度范围的树干上逐年螺旋式上升钻孔。
采割桦液要用密封系统，即从橡胶塞，导液管和受液器整个采液系统不暴露于空气中，采下的桦液倒进密闭贮罐于冷藏车中贮存，贮藏温度0℃-10℃，在24小时内要运往加工厂加工。
采液之工器具，要消毒后使用，采割完毕树干上的钻孔用玻璃油灰补好，以防木材腐烂。
本发明的优点，本方法是经过长期试验，探索，全面掌握了桦树流液规律，成分含量，保鲜方法，以及钻孔负荷率，方位、高度等自然规律的基础上，定出一套科学的采割方法，为有效地利用山区的森林资源，为山区人民脱贫致富创出一条新路。
实施例：采液期在4～5月间，桦树液流动时，气温在0°～10℃，离桦树活立木树根30cm处，用钻头打孔，塞上橡胶塞，橡胶塞上打孔，塞上玻璃管，用塑料管作导液管，将分泌出的桦流导入封闭的受液器中，一般Φ14cm的桦树每24小时可产桦液5Kg，受液器流满后，将桦液倾倒入密封的贮液罐中。贮罐放在冷藏车中保存，防止日晒，采下之鲜桦液要在24小时内运回工厂加工。
Claims (3)
1、一种桦液采割技术，其特征在于：
(1)采液时机为桦树流液期，即春季气温在0℃～10℃时；
(2)打孔高度和孔径尺寸，在桦树活立木离地面10～30cm处打孔，孔径尺寸为5～10mm，孔深4～6cm；
(3)负荷率≤10%；
(4)采液方式为封密式，流出的桦树液不暴露于空气中；
(5)所用工器具经灭菌，桦液贮藏温度0℃-10℃。
2、根据权利要求1所述的桦液采割技术，其特征在于桦液从采割下来至加工时间不超过24小时。
3、根据权利要求1所述的桦液采割技术，其特征在于封闭式采液方式为从塞子至导液管，受液器，贮藏罐都是密闭的。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114232 CN1038551C (zh) | 1992-12-11 | 1992-12-11 | 桦液采割技术 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114232 CN1038551C (zh) | 1992-12-11 | 1992-12-11 | 桦液采割技术 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1087774A true CN1087774A (zh) | 1994-06-15 |
| CN1038551C CN1038551C (zh) | 1998-06-03 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114232 Expired - Fee Related CN1038551C (zh) | 1992-12-11 | 1992-12-11 | 桦液采割技术 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1038551C (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108168958A (zh) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-15 | 青岛农业大学 | 一种收集木质部伤流液的方法 |
-
1992
- 1992-12-11 CN CN 92114232 patent/CN1038551C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108168958A (zh) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-15 | 青岛农业大学 | 一种收集木质部伤流液的方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1038551C (zh) | 1998-06-03 |
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