CN108776952B - Sea chart coordinate conversion method for hydrological meteorological monitoring - Google Patents
Sea chart coordinate conversion method for hydrological meteorological monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chart coordinate conversion method for hydrological meteorological monitoring, which fuses latitude and longitude of pixels and geodetic coordinates and realizes data operation on images at the same time, and comprises the following steps: converting the pixel coordinates into longitude and latitude coordinates; solving pixel coordinates according to the longitude and latitude coordinates; before the world map is drawn, firstly reading a data file in a UTF-8 mode; drawing a world map; the chart module is mainly used for visually displaying the measuring track of the measuring ship on a longitude and latitude map; the zooming function is designed in such a way that the control is zoomed in when the mouse roller rolls forwards and zoomed out when the mouse roller rolls backwards, the position of the mouse is taken as the central point of zooming, detailed data points can be observed when the control is zoomed in, and the course track of the measuring ship is observed integrally when the control is zoomed out; and adding the function of amplifying the selected area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the application of image algorithm of ocean data analysis, and mainly applies a conversion method between pixel points of a panel and geodetic coordinates and longitude and latitude to the display of a chart, so that data can be operated on the chart, and the aim of image operation and data connection is fulfilled.
Background
The geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system which positions the surface position of the earth by utilizing a three-dimensional spherical surface so as to realize the reference of the surface point position of the earth through longitude and latitude. The geographical coordinate system has been applied to astronomical geography in fact, and nowadays, with the progress of positioning technologies such as satellite positioning space remote sensing, accurate positioning of the geographical coordinate system is also caused. At present, a geographical coordinate system is widely applied to directions such as geographical information, navigation, geodetic surveying, map making and the like. Plays more and more roles in the development of economy, society and science and the construction of national defense.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a chart coordinate conversion method for hydrological meteorological monitoring. According to the theory of the geographic coordinate system, the coordinate system and the chart are converted, so that the pixel points are connected with the coordinate system, the chart is drawn, data are operated, and the purpose of intuition and accuracy is achieved. The technical scheme is as follows:
a chart coordinate conversion method for hydrological meteorological monitoring fuses latitude and longitude of pixels and geodetic coordinates, and meanwhile data operation on images is achieved, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) converting pixel coordinates to latitude and longitude coordinates
Setting a canvas origin, and calculating the distance between a current pixel coordinate point and the canvas origin;
obtaining the on-graph proportion of the corresponding longitude and latitude lines according to the zoom ratio zooFraction of the current pixel coordinate;
the latitude of the point is equal to the distance of the X coordinate divided by the scale factor on the graph;
the longitude of the point is equal to the distance of the Y coordinate divided by the scale factor on the graph;
(2) calculating pixel coordinates according to longitude and latitude coordinates
Firstly, defining a point, defaulting to (0, 0);
obtaining the on-graph proportion of the corresponding longitude and latitude lines according to the zoom ratio zooFraction of the current pixel coordinate;
the X coordinate of the pixel point is equal to the latitude coordinate multiplied by the scaling factor on the graph and the origin coordinate X;
the X coordinate of the pixel point is equal to the latitude coordinate multiplied by the proportional factor on the graph minus the origin coordinate Y;
(2) before the world map is drawn, firstly reading a data file in a UTF-8 mode, wherein the data file comprises longitude and latitude coordinates of points on a sea-land boundary line, the map is divided into rough and detailed according to the number of the coordinates, the rough and detailed map is defaulted to be a big data map, each closed loop is divided into a group, and the number of data in the group is marked at the starting position of each closed loop;
(3) drawing a world map, comprising the following steps:
firstly, obtaining coordinates (0,0) at the upper left corner and coordinates (width, height) of a canvas through a coordinate conversion function to determine the maximum and minimum latitude and longitude ranges to be displayed;
secondly, data points which meet the range in the file character string are taken out;
thirdly, converting the data points meeting the requirements into pixel coordinates;
when the closed-loop condition is met, namely the initial coordinate and the termination coordinate are the same point, connecting data points, and filling the closed area by using the selected color;
when drawing the longitude and latitude lines, determining an increment value nIncrement between the lines according to the current zoom ratio, and drawing the longitude and latitude lines according to the second increment value within the zoom ratio range;
(4) the chart module is mainly used for visually displaying the measuring track of a measuring ship on a longitude and latitude map, adopting an cgp control to obtain a starting point _ dragStartPT when a mouse is dragged, wherein the dragged end point is actually the current position of the mouse, solving an offset coordinate through the starting point and the end point, and setting the original point of a canvas to be the same offset so as to realize the translation of the whole control;
the zooming function is designed in such a way that the control is zoomed in when the mouse roller rolls forwards and zoomed out when the mouse roller rolls backwards, the position of the mouse is used as the center point of zooming, detailed data points can be observed when the control is zoomed in, and the course track of the measuring ship is integrally observed when the control is zoomed out, wherein the method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing an array LatLongInsSpd, wherein the array specifies that in a certain zoom ratio range, a mouse roller rolls for one grid, the current zoom ratio is increased or reduced, the first two columns of the array represent the range, the last bit represents the increasing and decreasing speed in the range, when the current point of the mouse is zoomed, the pixel coordinates of the longitude and latitude points are unchanged, namely, the mouse position is used as the center for zooming, the original point coordinates of the canvas are set as (x, y), the current point coordinates of the mouse are set as (x0, y0), the longitude and latitude coordinates corresponding to the current point of the mouse are set as (Long, Lat), the scale factor on the graph is n after the zooming is finished, and the original point coordinates of the canvas are recalculated and reset through the following formula:
x＝x0-Long*n
y＝y0+Lat*n
when the image is reduced to a certain range, data points can be observed, and the span of the longitude and latitude lines is reduced;
(5) adding a function of amplifying the selected area, namely pulling out a rectangular frame through a left mouse button, taking a graph line in the frame as an area to be displayed by a control, solving a corresponding longitude span LatPixel according to a pixel span, and converting the pixel scaling into a scaling factor on the image, wherein the scaling factor n of the selected area is equal to the ratio of the height to the longitude span of the control; the central point of the selected area is used as the coordinate of the original point of the canvas, the coordinate of the original point is recalculated and reset according to the scale factor on the graph, and the amplified selected area can be obtained;
the method for searching the target point comprises the following steps: and taking the mouse click point as a center, adding and subtracting 10 pixels around the mouse click point to calculate a square area, traversing the data points, taking out the points in the square area, and finding out the point with the minimum distance from the mouse, namely the point to be highlighted.
The invention fuses the geodetic coordinates and the latitude and longitude coordinates, so that the relation between a space rectangular coordinate system and the geodetic coordinates can be fully embodied on a chart, the working efficiency can be obviously improved, the accuracy of a formula can be ensured by the programmed setting of the geodetic coordinates, the calculation precision is improved, the calculation efficiency of the geographical projection transformation can be improved, and the transformation requirement of a computer for processing mass data is met.
Drawings
Description of the coordinate System of FIG. 1
FIG. 2 is a diagram of latitude and longitude coordinates obtained from the location and zoom ratio of a designated point
FIG. 3 ringlet data
FIG. 4 macrocycle data
FIG. 5 shows the mouse wheel increasing and decreasing in speed
Detailed Description
GDI + (graphical Device Interface +) is currently the successor of GDI, which is the Application Programming Interface (API) provided by the NET framework for operating graphics. Information can be displayed on a screen or printer in the same manner using GDI +, regardless of the display details of the particular device. GDI + is mainly used for drawing various images on a window body, and can realize drawing various data graphs, mathematical simulation and the like. The three main elements of GDI + are briefly introduced below: coordinate system, pixels, Graphics class. The position information of the pattern is the basis of pattern design, and it is possible to realize the position information of the pattern by using coordinates. GDI + uses 3 coordinate spaces, respectively: world, device, page. The coordinate system named world is the coordinate system used for building the world model of the special graph and is also the medium transferred to the method in the NET framework; the coordinate system named as a page refers to a coordinate system used by a window or a control used in a program; the coordinate system, known as the device, is used in certain physical devices where coordinates are generated when we perform drawing operations, including computer screens or paper. The coordinate axes always have the upper left corner as the origin (0,0), and besides the origin, the coordinate axes also include the abscissa axis (x-axis) and the ordinate axis (y-axis), and fig. 1 is a standard coordinate system.
Pixels are actually image elements, and the image elements constitute basic units of graphics, and the resolution is described and measured by the number of pixels, i.e. pixels per inch (pixel per inch). For example, 2048 by 768 resolution indicates a number of pixels per inch of length in the horizontal direction of 2048 and a number of pixels per inch of length in the vertical direction of 768. The number of different colors that a pixel can express depends on the bit per pixel, which is obtained by raising the power of 2 to the color depth.
As one of the important classes of GDI +, a variable of the Graphics class represents a canvas to be subjected to graphic drawing, also called a surface, and the variable can be used for displaying a graphic drawn by calling a method therein on a corresponding appliance, and the class is closely related to a fixed specified physical device, is related up and down, and can be used for a variable for establishing a graphic image. In Graphics class, there are many meta-method meta-functions, which can draw corresponding Graphics, such as points, lines, circles, Graphics, text, etc., in corresponding devices by being called by objects, and which belong to the root class of a drawing function, and the process used is to create an object on a specified medium, and then to draw the Graphics by the corresponding function contained in the object-calling class.
The invention fuses the latitude and longitude of the pixel and the geodetic coordinate, improves the measurement precision to ensure the measurement accuracy, and simultaneously, operates data on the image more intuitively and obviously enhances the operability of the data.
The coordinates of the machine equipment are coordinates specifically oriented to the machine equipment, the unit of such coordinates is the minimum length that a pixel or the equipment can represent, X increases to the right, and Y increases downward, but the (0,0) coordinates (i.e., the origin position of the equipment coordinates) are not necessarily at the upper left corner position of the equipment. The data of the world map adopted in the embodiment is of a longitude and latitude type, which is not in accordance with the screen coordinates, so that the invention aims to realize the coincidence of the world map with the longitude and latitude line map and the screen coordinates, realize the conversion of two types of coordinates and add zooming and translation.
The operation process is as follows:
(1) first, a method of converting pixel coordinates into longitude and latitude coordinates according to the conversion function will be described.
Firstly, the distance between the current pixel coordinate point (generally, the mouse click position, obtained from e.X and e.Y) and the canvas coordinate origin (namely, the middle point of the display area, which is set as the position with zero longitude and zero latitude) is calculated.
Obtaining the on-graph proportion of the corresponding longitude and latitude lines according to the zoom ratio zooFraction of the current pixel coordinate.
The latitude of the point is equal to the distance of the X coordinate divided by the scale factor on the graph.
The longitude of the point is equal to the distance of the Y coordinate divided by the scale factor on the map.
As shown in fig. 2.
The pixel coordinates are calculated according to the longitude and latitude coordinates, and the steps are as follows:
first, a point is defined, default to (0,0), which is the result in the program.
Obtaining the on-graph proportion of the corresponding longitude and latitude lines according to the zoom ratio zooFraction of the current pixel coordinate.
And thirdly, the X coordinate of the pixel point is equal to the latitude coordinate multiplied by the scaling factor on the graph and the origin coordinate X.
And the X coordinate of the pixel point is equal to the latitude coordinate multiplied by the proportional factor on the graph minus the origin coordinate Y.
(2) Before the world map is drawn, the data file is read first. The data file comprises longitude and latitude coordinates of points on sea-land boundary lines, the map has rough and detailed points according to the number of the coordinates, the data file can be manually controlled in a program, and the data file is defaulted to be a big data map. Each closed loop is divided into a group, the starting position of each closed loop marks the number of data in the group, and fig. 3 and 4 exemplify one small loop data and one large loop data.
The invention adopts UTF-8 mode to read the map data file for maintenance.
And starting to draw after reading the data, wherein the steps are as follows:
firstly, the maximum and minimum latitude and longitude ranges to be displayed are determined by obtaining the coordinates (0,0) at the upper left corner and the coordinates (width, height) at the lower right corner of the canvas through a coordinate conversion function.
And secondly, taking out data points which meet the range in the file character string.
And thirdly, converting the data points meeting the requirements into pixel coordinates.
And fourthly, when the closed loop condition is met (when the starting coordinate and the ending coordinate are the same point), connecting the data points, and filling the closed area by using the selected color.
When drawing the longitude and the latitude lines, determining an increment value nIncrement between the lines according to the current scaling ratio:
nIncrement＝(LatLongDrawSpd[i][2]*m_nScale) (1)
thus, the pixel coordinate start XBL corresponding to the starting degree is determined:
startXBL＝(int)Math.Floor(-1*m_ptCanvas.X/nIncrement) (2)
pixel coordinate of end position Step XBL:
StepXBL＝(int)Math.Ceiling((_width)/nIncrement) (3)
therefore, the latitude and longitude lines can be drawn in the range according to the second increment of the degree in the scaling range.
(4) The chart module is mainly used for visually displaying the measuring track of the measuring ship on the longitude and latitude map.
The cgp control used by the system can obtain the starting point _ dragStartPt when the mouse is dragged, and the end point of the dragging is actually the current position of the mouse (e.X, e.Y). Therefore, the offset coordinates can be obtained through the starting point and the end point, the original point of the canvas is set to be the same offset, and the translation of the whole control can be realized. And (4) resetting the dragging starting point as the position of the mouse at any time when the translation action is generated so as to ensure that the translation of the control continuously moves along with the position of the mouse.
And pressing the mouse roller to translate the control to the right.
The zooming function is designed in such a way that the control piece is enlarged when the mouse roller rolls forwards and is reduced when the mouse roller rolls backwards, and the position of the mouse is used as a central point for zooming. When the control is zoomed in, detailed data points can be observed, and when zoomed out, the course track of the survey vessel as a whole can be observed.
An array latlonginstsd is first established that specifies how much the current zoom scale is increased or decreased by scrolling the mouse wheel through a grid within a certain range of zoom scales. The first two columns of the array represent the range and the last bit represents the incremental decrease rate within the range, as shown in FIG. 5.
When the current point of the mouse is zoomed, the pixel coordinates of the longitude and latitude points are not changed, and the mouse can be zoomed by taking the position of the mouse as the center. Setting the coordinates of the origin of the canvas as (x, y), the coordinates of the current point of the mouse as (x0, y0), the coordinates of the longitude and latitude corresponding to the current point of the mouse as (Long, Lat), and the scale factor on the graph after the zooming action is finished as n, recalculating and resetting the coordinates of the origin of the canvas by the following formula:
x＝x0-Long*n (4)
y＝y0+Lat*n (5)
when the image is narrowed to a certain range, data points can be observed and the span of latitude and longitude lines becomes smaller.
(5) The mouse wheel is always applied to zoom, the function of amplifying the selected area is added in consideration of the use feeling of a user, namely, a rectangular frame is pulled out through a left mouse button, and a graph line in the frame is used as an area to be displayed by a control. The design idea is as follows:
1. like translation, the starting point (x) of mouse dragging is found first0，y0) And an end point (x, y), which are the coordinates of the upper left corner point and the lower right corner point of the enlarged box. From this, the center point of the enlargement frame can be determinedSign board
2. Let the spans of the enlargement frame in x and y directions be respectively delta x ═ x-x0，Δy＝y0-y. And then respectively solving the ratio Xpixel of the delta x to the width of the control and the ratio Ypixel of the delta y to the height of the control, and determining which direction is taken as the reference for scaling. If Xpixel ≧ Ypixel, the longitude span is taken as the standard, otherwise the latitude span is taken as the standard.
3. Take longitude span as an example. And (4) solving the corresponding longitude span LatPixel according to the pixel span, wherein the scaling n of the selected area is equal to the ratio of the height of the control to the longitude span, and the pixel scaling is converted into the scale factor on the graph according to the scaling conversion method described above. And (4) taking the central point of the selected area as the coordinate of the origin of the canvas, recalculating and resetting the coordinate of the origin according to the scale factor on the graph, thus obtaining the amplified selected area.
The method for searching the target point comprises the following steps: taking a mouse click point as a center, calculating a square area by adding and subtracting 10 pixels around the mouse click point, traversing data points, taking out the points in the square area, and finding out the point with the minimum distance from the mouse, namely the point to be highlighted. The advantage of this is that the distance from each point to the mouse point is not needed to be calculated, and the running speed of the program is accelerated.
In addition, the measurement starting point and the measurement ending point of the measuring ship can be set to be green and red respectively, so that observation is facilitated.
Claims (1)
1. A chart coordinate conversion method for hydrological meteorological monitoring fuses latitude and longitude of pixels and geodetic coordinates, and meanwhile data operation on images is achieved, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) converting pixel coordinates to latitude and longitude coordinates
Setting a canvas origin, and calculating the distance between a current pixel coordinate point and the canvas origin;
obtaining the on-graph proportion of the corresponding longitude and latitude lines according to the zoom ratio zooFraction of the current pixel coordinate;
the latitude of the point is equal to the distance of the X coordinate divided by the scale factor on the graph;
the longitude of the point is equal to the distance of the Y coordinate divided by the scale factor on the graph;
(2) calculating pixel coordinates according to longitude and latitude coordinates
Firstly, defining a point, default to (0, 0);
obtaining the on-graph proportion of the corresponding longitude and latitude lines according to the zoom ratio zooFraction of the current pixel coordinate;
the X coordinate of the pixel point is equal to the latitude coordinate multiplied by the scaling factor on the graph and the origin coordinate X;
the X coordinate of the pixel point is equal to the latitude coordinate multiplied by the proportional factor on the graph minus the origin coordinate Y;
(2) before the world map is drawn, firstly reading a data file in a UTF-8 mode, wherein the data file comprises longitude and latitude coordinates of points on a sea-land boundary line, the map is divided into rough and detailed according to the number of the coordinates, the rough and detailed map is defaulted to be a big data map, each closed loop is divided into a group, and the number of data in the group is marked at the starting position of each closed loop;
(3) drawing a world map, comprising the following steps:
firstly, obtaining coordinates (0,0) at the upper left corner and coordinates (width, height) of a canvas through a coordinate conversion function to determine the maximum and minimum latitude and longitude ranges to be displayed;
secondly, data points which meet the range in the file character string are taken out;
thirdly, converting the data points meeting the requirements into pixel coordinates;
when the closed-loop condition is met, namely the initial coordinate and the termination coordinate are the same point, connecting data points, and filling the closed area by using the selected color;
when drawing the longitude and latitude lines, determining an increment value nIncrement between the lines according to the current scaling, and drawing the longitude and latitude lines according to the second increment value within the scaling range;
(4) the chart module has the functions of visually displaying the measuring track of a measuring ship on a longitude and latitude map, obtaining a starting point _ dragStartPT when a mouse is dragged by adopting an cgp control, obtaining an offset coordinate through the starting point and the end point, setting the original point of a canvas to be the same offset, and realizing the translation of the whole control;
the zooming function is designed in such a way that the control piece is zoomed in when the mouse roller rolls forwards and zoomed out when the mouse roller rolls backwards, the position of the mouse is used as the center point of zooming, detailed data points can be observed when the control piece is zoomed in, and the course track of the measuring ship is integrally observed when the control piece is zoomed out, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing an array LatLongInsSpd, wherein the array specifies that a mouse wheel rolls for one frame in a set zooming ratio range, the current zooming ratio is increased or reduced, the first two columns of the array represent the zooming ratio range, the last bit represents the increasing and decreasing speed in the zooming ratio range, when the current point of the mouse is zoomed, the pixel coordinate of the current point is unchanged, namely, the zooming can be realized by taking the position of the mouse as the center, the original point coordinate of a canvas is set as (x, y), the current point coordinate of the mouse is set as (x0, y0), the longitude and latitude coordinate corresponding to the current point of the mouse is set as (Long, Lat), the scaling factor on the drawing after the zooming is finished is set as n, and the original point coordinate is recalculated and reset through the following canvas formula:
x＝x0-Long*n
y＝y0+Lat*n
the image can be reduced to observe data points and the span of the longitude and latitude lines becomes smaller;
(5) adding a function of amplifying the selected area, namely pulling out a rectangular frame through a left mouse button, taking a graph line in the frame as an area to be displayed by a control, solving a corresponding longitude span LatPixel according to a pixel span, and converting the pixel scaling into a scaling factor on the image, wherein the scaling factor n of the selected area is equal to the ratio of the height to the longitude span of the control; the central point of the selected area is used as the coordinate of the original point of the canvas, the coordinate of the original point is recalculated and reset according to the scale factor on the graph, and the amplified selected area can be obtained;
the method for searching the target point comprises the following steps: and taking the mouse click point as a center, adding and subtracting 10 pixels around the mouse click point to calculate a square area, traversing the data points, taking out the points in the square area, and finding out the point with the minimum distance from the mouse, namely the point to be highlighted.
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