CN108770109B - Direct current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device - Google Patents
Direct current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108770109B CN108770109B CN201810886564.8A CN201810886564A CN108770109B CN 108770109 B CN108770109 B CN 108770109B CN 201810886564 A CN201810886564 A CN 201810886564A CN 108770109 B CN108770109 B CN 108770109B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
- H05B7/20—Direct heating by arc discharge, i.e. where at least one end of the arc directly acts on the material to be heated, including additional resistance heating by arc current flowing through the material to be heated
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct-current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device, which is characterized in that an upstream top cover, a total distributor, a power transmission tube, a secondary distributor, an axial electrode double-arc discharge chamber and a downstream top cover are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream in a gas flow direction, the axial electrode double-arc discharge chamber is connected with the power transmission tube through an external coil, a downstream bushing and a downstream shell are sequentially arranged between the total distributor and the downstream top cover from inside to outside, an upstream bushing and an upstream shell are arranged between the total distributor and the upstream top cover from inside to outside, and electrodes in the axial electrode double-arc discharge chamber are serially connected with the external coil to form a follow-up magnetic field structure; the cooling water channel with the mixed structure is formed by a main distributor, a power transfer tube, a secondary distributor, an axial electrode double arc discharge chamber, an external coil, a downstream top cover, a downstream bushing, a downstream shell, an upstream shell and an upstream bushing. The invention has simple structure, adjustable power, high heat efficiency and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas high-temperature heating, and particularly relates to a direct-current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device.
Background
The DC superhigh temperature gas heating device, also called DC arc plasma torch, is one to heat working medium gas with DC arc to form high temperature and high speed plasma jet to heat the gas to the temperature of ten thousand deg.c and average temperature of 3000-6000 deg.c for utilization. The method is applicable to the fields of air, nitrogen, inert gas, hydrogen, water vapor and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of dangerous waste treatment, material surface treatment, coal chemical industry, oil-free ignition, auxiliary combustion, high-temperature metallurgy, powder metallurgy, near space reentry simulation and the like.
The direct current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device applied to various industries mainly faces the following problems: 1. the service life of the electrode is too short, taking air as an example, the service life of the electrode of the hundred kilowatt-level heating device is generally less than 100 hours, and the use and maintenance cost is high; 2. the heat efficiency is too low, only about 60-70%, and the energy utilization rate is low; 3. the working parameter range is narrow, which is unfavorable for the transplanting of the equipment in different application environments. In combination, the above points are not beneficial to the application of the device in various fields, and the prior art has difficulty in solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the direct current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device with the power range of 70-300 kW, a magnetic rotating arc environment is formed by utilizing the follow-up electromagnetic coil, and the axial electrode of the double arc chambers provides a discharge channel, so that the arc length between the electrodes is increased, the voltage is increased, the current is reduced, the air heating efficiency is further increased, the electrode ablation is reduced, the electrode thermal efficiency is finally effectively increased, the service life is obviously prolonged, and the device is more beneficial to being applied to various fields requiring ultra-temperature gas.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an upstream top cover, a total distributor, a power transmission tube, a secondary distributor, an upstream gas distributor, an upstream electrode, a downstream gas distributor, a downstream electrode and a downstream top cover are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream, an upstream coil is arranged on the periphery of the upstream electrode in a surrounding manner, and a downstream coil is arranged on the periphery of the downstream electrode in a surrounding manner; the upstream coil and the downstream coil are connected in series, the downstream coil and the power transmission tube are conducted by the conductive clamp to form a serial structure, a downstream bushing and a downstream shell are sequentially installed between the main distributor and the downstream top cover in a surrounding manner from inside to outside, an upstream bushing and an upstream shell are installed between the main distributor and the upstream top cover in a surrounding manner from inside to outside, and electrodes in the axial electrode double-arc discharge chamber are connected in series with an external coil to form a follow-up magnetic field structure; the cooling water channel with the mixed structure is formed by a main distributor, a power transfer tube, a secondary distributor, an axial electrode double arc discharge chamber, an external coil, a downstream top cover, a downstream bushing, a downstream shell, an upstream shell and an upstream bushing.
Specifically, the follow-up magnetic field structure is formed by sequentially connecting an upstream coil, a downstream coil, a conductive clamp, a power transmission tube, a secondary distributor, an upstream gas distributor, an upstream electrode and a downstream electrode in series from an electric positive electrode to an electric negative electrode, and is uniformly powered by connecting a power supply cable with an upstream coil inlet end penetrating through a through hole of the main distributor.
Further, the upstream coil is arranged between the secondary distributor and the downstream gas distributor, and the axial length of the upstream coil is the same as that of the upstream electrode; the downstream coil is arranged between the downstream gas distributor and the downstream top cover, and the axial length of the downstream coil is the same as that of the downstream electrode; the upstream coil is wound clockwise from upstream to downstream, and the downstream coil is wound counterclockwise from upstream to downstream.
Specifically, after the cooling water in the cooling water channel enters the main distributor through the water inlet pipe, the cooling water is divided into two paths by the main distributor, and one path of cooling water returns to the main distributor through the upstream coil and the downstream coil;
the second path enters the power transfer tube, cooling water is led to an interlayer between the upstream electrode and the upstream coil by the secondary distributor, then is led to the interlayer between the downstream electrode and the downstream coil by the axial through hole of the downstream gas distributor, is led to the interlayer between the downstream shell and the downstream lining by the radial through hole of the downstream top cover, and returns to the periphery of the total distributor;
the first and second cooling water passages are joined to the periphery of the total distributor and are discharged out of the heating device through the water outlet via the interlayer between the upstream casing and the upstream liner.
Specifically, the shape of the total distributor is a cylindrical structure, four fixing claws are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the middle part, a plurality of radial blind screw holes are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the downstream end and used for limiting and fixing with an upstream bushing and a downstream bushing, the total distributor is axially provided with four through holes, including a central hole and three peripheral holes, the central hole is a water inlet through hole, the upstream is connected with a water inlet pipe, and the downstream is connected with a power transmission pipe; the first peripheral holes are electric connection holes and are distributed at the upper part of the central hole, radial through holes are formed between the middle section and the central hole, the electric connector of the upstream coil penetrates through the first peripheral holes, the solid end is connected with the power supply cable, and the radial through holes are communicated with the through holes on the side wall of the electric connector; the second peripheral holes are air inlet holes and are distributed on the left side or the right side of the central hole, and the upstream end of the second peripheral holes is inserted into an air inlet pipeline; the third peripheral hole is a water return hole and is distributed at the lower part of the central hole, through holes are drilled from the periphery of the total distributor to the third peripheral hole, the tubular joint of the downstream coil is inserted from the downstream of the third peripheral hole, and the through holes are communicated with the through holes on the side wall of the tubular joint.
Specifically, the upstream gas distributor is a tubular structure with a closed upstream end and an open downstream end; the outer diameter of the upstream side is the same as that of the upstream electrode, and tangential holes are formed in the side wall from outside to inside; the downstream side is an external thread structure, and the inner diameter is the same as that of the upstream electrode;
the upstream electrode is of a thick-wall tubular structure, the upstream side is of an internal thread structure, the inner wall of the downstream side is provided with a horn-shaped round corner in a chamfering mode, and the outer wall of the downstream side is provided with an inward mounting step;
the downstream gas distributor is of a tubular structure, and the inner wall and the outer wall are provided with positioning steps; the axial middle part of the downstream gas distributor is provided with a tangential hole, and the wall is provided with an axial through hole staggered with the tangential hole.
The downstream electrode is of a thick-wall tubular structure, an axisymmetric structure is adopted, the outer diameter is the same as that of the upstream electrode, horn-shaped fillets are formed on the inner walls of the upstream and downstream electrodes, and the outer walls of the upstream and downstream electrodes are provided with inward mounting steps;
the tangential hole rotation direction of the upstream gas distributor is the same as the tangential hole rotation direction of the upstream coil, and the tangential hole rotation direction of the downstream gas distributor is the same as the tangential hole rotation direction of the downstream coil.
Further, the total area of tangential holes of the upstream gas distributor and tangential holes of the downstream gas distributor is selected according to the number and the diameter of 1:8; the tangential holes of the downstream gas distributor comprise 4 and are circumferentially uniformly distributed.
Further, the wall thickness of the upstream gas distributor is 3-4 mm; the outer diameter of the upstream electrode is 34-38 mm, the thickness is 7-9 mm, and the length is 70-80 mm; the material is silver-copper alloy, silver accounts for 90+/-2%, and copper accounts for 10+/-2%; the thickness of the downstream electrode is 10-12 mm, the length is 210-240 mm, and the downstream electrode is made of pure copper.
Specifically, the downstream top cover is of a thick-wall annular structure, the upstream end is respectively provided with a positioning step connected with the downstream electrode, the downstream coil and the downstream bushing, and the downstream end is provided with a positioning step connected with the downstream shell; radial through holes to the outer wall are uniformly distributed among the downstream top cover, the downstream electrode and the two positioning steps of the downstream coil, and the radial through holes are distributed in a radial manner to form a cooling water passage.
Specifically, the secondary distributor is of a cylindrical structure, and blind holes which are not communicated with each other are respectively formed in the centers of the two sides of the upstream and the downstream; blind holes parallel to the downstream central blind holes are uniformly distributed on the outer sides of the downstream central blind holes, the diameters of the blind holes are smaller than those of the downstream central blind holes, and the blind holes are connected with the upstream central blind holes through annular grooves to form cooling water passages; the near downstream end is provided with a radial through hole staggered with the downstream peripheral blind hole and connected with the downstream central blind hole to form an air inlet passage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a direct current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device, which is sequentially provided with an upstream top cover, a total distributor, a power transmission tube, a secondary distributor, an axial electrode double-arc discharge chamber and a downstream top cover from upstream to downstream, and the system complexity is greatly simplified while cooling water has a good cooling effect on coils, electrodes and shells through the composite function design of a plurality of components; the coil and electrode series structure can realize magnetic control plasma generation under the condition of using only one set of power supply system and incoming line, simplify system composition, improve reliability, improve voltage can effectively increase heating efficiency to air, reduce current can reduce ablation to cathode and anode, and prolong service life of electrode.
Furthermore, the upstream coil and the downstream coil are connected with the upstream electrode in series, and through reasonable structural design, a magnetic field environment matched with the injected electric power can be provided when direct current is loaded to a discharge path, so that the gas plasma jet generates circumferential rotation with proper frequency to form a magnetic spiral arc. By means of forming the magnetic rotating arc, the length of the arc can be effectively increased, the voltage of injection power is further improved, and the current is reduced.
Further, the follow-up magnetic field structure is arranged from the anode to the cathode, so that the upstream electrode is ensured to be used as the anode, the downstream electrode is ensured to be used as the cathode, and the replacement frequency is higher than that of the anode due to the fact that the service life of the cathode is shorter than that of the anode, and the downstream electrode is used as the cathode, so that the electrode replacement can be more conveniently and rapidly carried out, and the use is convenient.
Furthermore, the upstream coil and the downstream coil are made of square copper tubes, so that the coil can be cooled by introducing cooling water into the copper tubes while the rationality of winding space can be guaranteed to the greatest extent, and the coil can exert higher working performance when hundreds of amperes of current is introduced. The upstream coil is wound clockwise from upstream to downstream, and the downstream coil is wound anticlockwise from upstream to downstream, so that the magnetic field direction generated by the coil is matched with the air flow rotation direction of the area covered by the magnetic field, the best magnetic arc matching effect is achieved, the gas heating efficiency is improved, and the electrode loss is reduced.
Further, the cooling water in the cooling water channel is divided into two paths after entering the main distributor through the water inlet pipe, and one path of the cooling water is used as a main flow to sequentially flow through the power inlet pipe, the secondary distributor, the upstream electrode, the downstream air flow distributor, the downstream electrode, the downstream top cover, the downstream bushing and the downstream shell interlayer; the other path of the flow is used as a branch flow to sequentially flow through the downstream coil and the upstream coil, is combined with the dry flow, flows through the interlayer of the upstream bushing and the upstream shell, and flows out of the device from the water outlet of the upstream shell. The cooling water is divided into two paths, so that parts with higher temperature can be cooled firstly during working, the cooling efficiency is improved, the device is ensured to be always kept in an optimal state during the running process, and meanwhile, the electrode loss can be further reduced, and the service life of the electrode is prolonged.
Further, 4 through holes are axially formed in the total distributor, and the through holes are respectively a water inlet interface mounting hole, a gas inlet interface mounting hole, an electric interface mounting hole and an upstream coil water outlet interface mounting hole. The three media of water, electricity and gas are connected in and out and the corresponding distribution function are realized on one part, the system structure is greatly simplified, and the size and weight of the device are reduced.
Further, the upstream gas distributor and the downstream gas distributor are respectively provided with tangential holes with corresponding numbers and diameters, and the tangential holes of the upstream gas distributor and the downstream gas distributor are opposite in rotation direction, so that the air flow entering the upstream end of the axial electrode double-arc chamber upstream electrode and the air flow between the upstream electrode and the downstream electrode are in a double-reverse tangential air inlet mode, the air flow can form vortex in the arc chamber, the stroke of the air in the arc chamber is further increased, the heating time is increased, and the heating efficiency is improved; meanwhile, vortex airflow can play a role in cleaning the inside of the arc chamber, so that slag falling off from the arc ablation electrode is prevented from blocking tangential holes or falling on the electrode to influence the discharge process; the rotating air flow can form an air film on the inner wall of the electrode, and has a certain cooling effect on the electrode, so that the electrode loss is further reduced, and the service life of the electrode is prolonged. The corresponding upstream coil rotation direction is the same as the tangential hole rotation direction of the upstream air flow distributor, the downstream coil rotation direction is the same as the tangential hole rotation direction of the downstream air flow distributor, the magnetic field direction generated by the coil can be matched with the air flow rotation direction of the area covered by the magnetic field, the best magnetic arc matching effect is achieved, the air heating efficiency is improved, and the electrode loss is reduced.
Further, the outer diameter of the upstream electrode is 34-38 mm, the thickness is 7-9 mm, and the length is 70-80 mm; the material is silver-copper alloy, silver accounts for 90+/-2%, and copper accounts for 10+/-2%; the thickness of the downstream electrode is 10-12 mm, the length is 210-240 mm, and the downstream electrode is made of pure copper. The data are the optimal matching size and material obtained by long-term simulation and experimental results, so that the service life of the electrode is obviously prolonged compared with the existing similar products while the heating efficiency of the device on gas is highest, and the service life cost ratio of the electrode is optimal.
Further, radial through holes to the outer wall are uniformly distributed between the downstream top cover, the downstream electrode and the two positioning steps of the downstream coil, the radial through holes are distributed in a radial mode to form cooling water passages, cooling water passing through the downstream electrode can be uniformly led into an interlayer between the downstream bushing and the downstream shell, the downstream shell and the upstream shell are further cooled, and meanwhile, the end face of the top cover with high temperature can be fully cooled, so that normal operation of the device during operation is guaranteed.
Further, the secondary distributor is a part for carrying out secondary distribution and transmission on three paths of water, electricity and gas, and has three functions: the electric energy transmitted by the power transmission tube is further transmitted to the upstream airflow distributor and then transmitted to the upstream electrode to ionize and heat the gas; secondly, cooling water transmitted along the central axis is not matched to the outer wall of the electrode to cool the electrode; and thirdly, transferring the gas transmitted around to the inside of the arc chamber positioned at the central axis to participate in gas discharge. The first point is conductive by utilizing the metal material of the secondary distributor; the second point and the third point are realized by blind holes which are arranged at two ends of the secondary distributor and are not communicated with each other: cooling water enters from a blind hole at the upstream end of the secondary distributor, enters into an upstream electrode and an upstream coil interlayer through a plurality of axial through holes uniformly distributed on the periphery of the secondary distributor through a ring groove, and cools the outer wall of the electrode; the gas enters the blind hole at the downstream end of the secondary distributor through radial holes which are not communicated with the peripheral axial through holes, then enters the interior of the upstream electrode through the upstream gas flow distributor, and cooperates with the gas entering the interior of the electrode through the downstream gas flow distributor to participate in gas discharge. Therefore, the redistribution and transmission of the water, electricity and gas can be realized through one part, the complexity of the device is simplified, and the volume of the device is reduced.
In conclusion, the direct-current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device has the advantages of simple structure, adjustable power, high thermal efficiency and long service life, and is applied to various fields requiring ultra-temperature gas.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a total dispenser, wherein (a) is a right-side half-section, (b) is a rear view, and (c) is an upper-side half-section;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a secondary distributor, wherein (a) is a right-hand half-sectional view, (b) is a rear sectional view at a radial through hole, and (c) is a right-hand sectional view at an axial through hole.
Wherein: 1. a total dispenser; 101. a total dispenser current direction; 102. the total distributor cooling water flow direction; 103. the total distributor gas flow direction; 2. a power transfer tube; 3. a secondary dispenser; 301. the direction of the secondary distributor current; 302. the secondary distributor cools the water flow direction; 303. the direction of gas flow of the secondary distributor; 4. an upstream gas distributor; 5. an upstream electrode; 6. a downstream gas distributor; 7. a downstream electrode; 8. a downstream header; 9. an upstream coil; 10. a downstream coil; 11. an upstream bushing; 12. a downstream bushing; 13. an upstream housing; 14. a downstream housing; 15. a conductive clip; 16. an upstream header.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the direct current arc ultra-high temperature gas heating apparatus of the present invention defines an upstream and a downstream in a gas flow direction, and is provided with a total distributor 1, a power transmission tube 2, a secondary distributor 3, an upstream gas distributor 4, an upstream electrode 5, a downstream gas distributor 6, a downstream electrode 7 and a downstream top cover 8 in sequence from upstream to downstream, wherein an upstream coil 9 is installed around the periphery of the upstream electrode 5, and a downstream coil 10 is installed around the periphery of the downstream electrode 7; the upstream coil 9 and the downstream coil 10 are connected in series, and the outlet end of the downstream coil 10 is communicated with the power transmission tube 2 by the conductive clamp 15 to form a serial structure; the downstream bushing 12 and the downstream housing 14 are sequentially and circumferentially mounted on the entire downstream periphery from inside to outside, the upstream bushing 11 and the upstream housing 13 are mounted on the entire upstream periphery from inside to outside, and the upstream cap 16 is mounted on the upstream end of the upstream housing 13 and fixed.
The upstream gas distributor 4, the upstream electrode 5, the downstream gas distributor 6 and the downstream electrode 7 are axially arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream to form an axial electrode double arc discharge chamber; the upstream gas distributor 4 is connected with the upstream electrode 5 through threads, and the upstream electrode 5, the downstream gas distributor 6 and the downstream electrode 7 are connected in a sleeved mode; the contact surfaces of the upstream electrode 5 and the downstream electrode 7 with the downstream gas distributor 6 are sealed by O-shaped rubber rings.
The O-shaped rubber sealing ring has the main effects of isolating waterways, air circuits and the outside, has a simple structure and a very good effect, is very convenient to maintain and replace, has better economical efficiency and is beneficial to reducing the cost of the device.
The downstream electrode 7 adopts an axisymmetric structure; the upstream coil 9 and the downstream coil 10 are connected with the upstream electrode 5 and the downstream electrode 7 (after the direct current arc breaks down the gas) in series to form a follow-up magnetic field structure; the follow-up magnetic field structure is formed by serially connecting an upstream coil 9, a downstream coil 10, a conductive clamp 15, a power transmission tube 2, a secondary distributor 3, an upstream gas distributor 4, an upstream electrode 5 and a downstream electrode 7 (after the direct current arc breaks down the gas) from an electric positive electrode to an electric negative electrode in sequence, and the follow-up magnetic field structure is formed by directly connecting a power supply cable with the inlet end of the upstream coil 9 penetrating through a through hole of the main distributor 1 to uniformly supply power.
The upstream air flow distributor 4 and the downstream air flow distributor 6 form a double reverse tangential air inlet structure; the total distributor 1, the power transfer tube 2, the secondary distributor 3, the upstream electrode 5, the downstream gas distributor 6, the downstream electrode 7, the upstream coil 9, the downstream coil 10, the downstream top cover 8, the downstream bushing 12, the downstream housing 14, the upstream housing 13 and the upstream bushing 11 jointly form a mixed structure cooling water channel with cooling effect on the electrode, the coil and the housing.
After cooling water in the cooling water channel enters the total distributor 1 through the water inlet pipe, the cooling water is divided into two paths through the total distributor 1:
(1) an inlet end of the upstream coil 9, a copper pipe of the upstream coil 9, an outlet end of the upstream coil 9, an inlet end of the downstream coil 10, a copper pipe of the downstream coil 10 and an outlet end of the downstream coil 10 are returned to the total distributor 1;
(2) into the power transfer tube 2, cooling water is led to the interlayer between the upstream electrode 5 and the upstream coil 9 by the secondary distributor 3, then led to the interlayer between the downstream electrode 7 and the downstream coil 10 by the axial through holes of the downstream gas distributor 6, led to the interlayer between the downstream housing 14 and the downstream bushing 12 by the radial through holes of the downstream top cover 8, and returned to the periphery of the total distributor 1.
Finally, the two cooling water passages are converged at the periphery of the total distributor 1, and then discharged out of the device through the water outlet via the interlayer between the upstream shell 13 and the upstream bushing 11.
The shape of the total distributor 1 is a cylindrical structure, and 4 through holes are axially formed:
(1) the central hole is a water inlet hole, the upstream is connected with a water inlet pipe, and the downstream is connected with a power transmission pipe;
(2) the first peripheral holes are electric connection holes and are distributed at the upper part of the central hole, radial through holes are formed between the middle section and the central hole, the upstream coil electric connector penetrates through the first peripheral holes, the solid end is connected with the power supply cable, and the radial through holes are communicated with the side wall through holes of the electric connector;
(3) the second peripheral holes are air inlet holes and are distributed on the left side or the right side of the central hole, and the upstream end of the second peripheral holes is inserted into an air inlet pipeline;
(4) the third peripheral hole is a water return hole and is distributed at the lower part of the central hole, through holes are drilled from the periphery of the total distributor to the third peripheral hole, the downstream coil tubular joint is inserted from the downstream of the third peripheral hole, and the through holes are communicated with the through holes on the side wall of the tubular joint.
Four fixed claws are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the middle part of the total distributor 1, a plurality of radial blind screw holes are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the downstream end and are used for limiting and fixing with an upstream bushing 11 and a downstream bushing 12, and the total distributor 1 is made of polyoxymethylene resin.
The total distributor is used as a water, electricity and gas total passage and is required to have the following characteristics: has good insulativity, high mechanical strength and certain high temperature resistance. The polyoxymethylene resin fully meets the above requirements as an important engineering plastic and has high economical efficiency, thus being the first choice material for manufacturing the total dispenser.
The main distributor 1 is provided with a power supply interface, a water inlet interface and an air inlet interface, and the power supply cable, the water inlet pipe and the air inlet pipe are connected to the corresponding interfaces of the main distributor 1 via pipes formed in the upstream bushing 11.
The secondary distributor 3 is in a cylindrical structure, and the centers of the two upstream and downstream sides are respectively provided with a blind hole which is different from each other; the outside of the downstream blind hole is uniformly distributed with small-diameter blind holes parallel to the downstream blind hole, and the small-diameter blind holes are connected with the upstream central blind hole through the annular groove to form a cooling water passage; the near downstream end is provided with a radial through hole staggered with the small blind holes at the downstream periphery, and the radial through hole is connected with the central blind hole at the downstream to form an air inlet passage. The secondary distributor 3 is made of pure copper and is plated with nickel on the surface.
The secondary distributor needs to have good conductivity and endure long-term flushing of cooling water and gas, so that the secondary distributor selects copper as the nickel plating form on the surface of the substrate, thereby not only ensuring the excellent conductivity, but also preventing the rapid oxidation and ensuring longer service life.
The upstream gas distributor 4 is a tubular structure with a closed upstream end and an open downstream end; the material is pure copper, the surface is plated with nickel, the outer diameter of the upstream side is the same as the outer diameter of the upstream electrode, and the wall thickness is 3-4 mm; the side wall is provided with tangential holes from outside to inside; the radius of the downstream side is smaller than that of the upstream side, and the downstream side is of an external thread structure, and the inner diameter is the same as that of the upstream electrode.
The upstream gas distributor has good conductivity and high-speed gas flow flows in from the tangential holes, so that the high-speed gas distributor adopts pure copper and nickel plating on the surface, can ensure good conductivity, prevent abrasion and prolong the service life.
The upstream electrode 5 is of a thick-wall tubular structure, the outer diameter is 34-38 mm, the thickness is 7-9 mm, and the length is 70-80 mm. The upstream side is an internal thread structure, the inner wall of the downstream side is provided with a horn-shaped round corner in a chamfering mode, and the outer wall of the downstream side is an inward installation step. The upstream electrode 5 is made of silver-copper alloy, wherein silver accounts for 90+/-2%, and copper accounts for 10+/-2%.
The upstream electrode is an anode, and electrons can be quickly heated up due to long-term impact in the working process, so that the upstream electrode is required to ensure high electrical conductivity at the same time, and is required to ensure high thermal conductivity so as to prolong the service life of the upstream electrode. The long-term simulation and experimental results show that the upstream electrode is made of silver-copper alloy, wherein silver accounts for 90+/-2% and copper accounts for 10+/-2%, so that the service life of the anode can be guaranteed to the greatest extent.
The downstream gas distributor 6 is a tubular structure with a certain thickness, and the inner wall and the outer wall of the tubular structure are provided with positioning steps which are respectively matched with the upstream electrode 5, the downstream electrode 7, the upstream coil 9 and the downstream coil 10; the material is alumina ceramic; the axial middle part is provided with a tangential hole, and the wall is provided with an axial through hole staggered with the tangential hole.
The downstream gas distributor is required to have high insulation properties, ultra-high temperature resistance, abrasion resistance, and the like. The alumina ceramic has higher insulation grade, very good ultrahigh temperature resistance and excellent abrasion resistance, and is a very good choice for being used as a downstream gas distributor material.
The tangential hole rotation direction of the upstream gas distributor 4 is opposite to that of the downstream gas distributor 6, the tangential hole rotation direction of the upstream gas distributor 4 is the same as that of the upstream coil 9, and the tangential hole rotation direction of the downstream gas distributor 6 is the same as that of the downstream coil 10.
The tangential holes of the downstream gas distributor 6 are uniformly distributed circumferentially and have 4 diameters of 2mm (150-300 kW of device power) or 4 diameters of 1.6mm (70-150 kW), and the number and the diameters of the tangential holes of the upstream gas distributor 4 are selected according to the total area of the tangential holes of the downstream gas distributor and 1:8.
The downstream electrode 7 is of a thick-wall tubular structure, the upstream and downstream structures are axisymmetric, the outer diameter is the same as that of the upstream electrode, the thickness is 10-12 mm, the length is 210-240 mm, horn-shaped fillets are formed on the upstream and downstream inner walls, and the outer wall is an inward mounting step. The downstream electrode 7 is made of pure copper, and the inner wall needs to be sandblasted.
The downstream electrode is a cathode, and the silver-copper alloy material which is the same as the upstream electrode is the best choice for service life and performance, but the downstream electrode has larger volume and a large amount of ions with larger mass bombard the surface during working, so the service life of the downstream electrode is much shorter than that of the upstream electrode, the service life of the downstream electrode is not considerable even though the silver-copper alloy is selected, but the service life of the downstream electrode is reduced compared with that of the upstream electrode by adopting pure copper material, the service life price ratio can reach the maximum, and the downstream electrode has the best economical efficiency. The sand blasting treatment is carried out on the inner wall of the downstream electrode so as to have better discharge effect at the moment of high-voltage arcing and ensure the success rate of discharge.
The upstream coil 9 is wrapped around the upstream electrode 5, and is installed between the secondary distributor 3 and the downstream gas distributor 6, and has the same axial length as the upstream electrode 5. The upstream coil 9 is wound by square copper tubes with the cross section of 5mm multiplied by 5mm and the wall thickness of 1mm, the winding direction is clockwise when seen from the upstream side to the downstream side, and the copper tubes are wound on two layers, and are wound on a bracket made of polyether-ether-ketone materials. An electric connector is welded at the inlet end of the upstream coil 9, the top end of the electric connector is solid, a through hole is formed in the side wall of the electric connector to be connected with a central pipeline, and the connector penetrates through the main distributor to be connected with a power supply cable; the outlet end of the upstream coil 9 is welded with a pipe connector which is connected with the inlet end of the downstream coil 10.
The two layers of copper tubes are the optimal results of long-term simulation and experiments, the coil and electrode series structure enables the current flowing through the coil to be the same as the discharge current between the electrodes, and when the current intensity of the copper tubes is high, the two layers of copper tubes can be wound to generate optimal magnetic field intensity and configuration, so that the magnetic arc rotating effect is optimal. When the device is started, a power supply is required to generate high-voltage breakdown gas of several kilovolts, so that higher insulation performance between the coil and the electrode is required, the axial length of the coil is longer, the structural strength of the ceramic material is lower, and therefore, polyether-ether-ketone materials with high insulation grade and high strength are selected as support materials of the upstream coil and the downstream coil, and the requirements can be met to the greatest extent.
The downstream coil 10 is wrapped around the downstream electrode 7, and is installed between the downstream gas distributor 6 and the downstream top cover 8, and has the same axial length as the downstream electrode 7. The downstream coil 10 is wound by square copper tubes with the cross section of 5mm multiplied by 5mm and the wall thickness of 1mm, the winding direction is anticlockwise when seen from the upstream side to the downstream side, and the copper tubes are wound on two layers, namely a bracket made of polyether-ether-ketone. The inlet end of the downstream coil 10 is welded with a pipe connector which is connected with the upstream outlet end; the outlet end of the downstream coil 10 is welded with a tubular connector, the top end of the tubular connector is solid, the side wall of the tubular connector is provided with a through hole to be connected with a central pipeline, the tubular connector is inserted into the main distributor 1, and the tubular connector is connected with the power transmission tube 2 by a conductive clip 15 to form electric connection.
The downstream top cover 8 has a thick-wall annular structure, and has a positioning step at an upstream end connected to the downstream electrode 7, the downstream coil 10 and the downstream bushing 12, and a positioning step at a downstream end connected to the downstream casing 14. The downstream top cover 8 is uniformly distributed with radial through holes to the outer wall between two positioning steps of the downstream electrode 7 and the downstream coil 10, and is distributed in a radial shape to form a cooling water passage, and the downstream top cover 8 is made of pure copper and plated with nickel on the surface.
The downstream header needs to have good electrical and thermal conductivity and also needs to be resistant to long-term cooling water erosion corrosion, so that the form of nickel plating on the surface with pure copper as a base material is most suitable.
The downstream bush 12 is in a thin-wall tubular structure, is wrapped by the downstream shell 14 and forms an interlayer with the downstream shell, and is fixed between the total distributor 1 and the downstream top cover 8; the material is epoxy resin.
The shape of the downstream shell 14 is a thin-wall tubular structure, and the downstream shell is coated on the periphery of the integral structure of the device and is connected with the upstream shell 13 through threads; the material is stainless steel.
The shape of the upstream bushing 11 is a thin-wall tubular structure, is wrapped by the upstream shell 13 and forms an interlayer with the upstream bushing, and is fixed between the total distributor 1 and the upstream top cover 16; the material is epoxy resin.
The upper stream lining and the lower stream lining are long tubular structures, cooling water flows in an interlayer formed by the upper stream lining and the lower stream lining for a long time to wash while having insulating property, and the epoxy resin pipe has better insulating property and is used for liquid pipelines in a large amount, so that the economic efficiency is better and the maturity is higher.
The shape of the upstream shell 13 is a thin-wall tubular structure, and is coated on the upstream of the periphery of the integral structure of the device and connected with the downstream shell 14 through threads; forming a device extension with the upstream bushing 11 and a channel for placing a power supply cable, a water inlet pipeline and an air inlet pipeline; the outer wall of the upstream shell 13 near the upstream end is welded with a grounding terminal, connected with a grounding cable, and the outer wall of the side opposite to the grounding terminal is welded with a water outlet port, connected with a water outlet pipeline; the upstream housing 13 is made of stainless steel.
The outer wall of the upstream end of the upstream shell 13 is provided with a grounding terminal and a water outlet interface, and a grounding cable and a water outlet pipeline are connected to the corresponding terminals and interfaces;
according to the requirement, a flange plate can be welded at a corresponding position of the outer wall of the upstream shell 13 or the downstream shell 14 and is used for installing and fixing a direct-current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device; each component needs airtight and watertight positions, and is sealed by an O-shaped rubber sealing ring.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The working principle of the direct-current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device is as follows:
working medium gas enters the plasma torch through the main distributor 1, enters between the upstream electrode and the downstream electrode of the upstream electrode 5 through the upstream gas distributor 4 and the downstream gas distributor 6 respectively, and after the gas entering the upstream electrode 5 is converged through the gas flow between the upstream electrode 5 and the upstream electrode and the downstream electrode, the gas is sprayed out of the downstream electrode 7 through the downstream electrode 7 to form a working medium gas circulation passage. The high voltage is loaded between the upstream electrode 5 and the downstream electrode 7, the introduced working medium gas is broken down to form a discharge passage, then a direct current power supply is used for loading direct current to the discharge passage, hundred kilowatt-level electric power is injected, and high-temperature high-speed plasma jet is formed.
Referring to fig. 3, the dovetail arrow indicates the total dispenser current conduction direction 101, the electrical connector of the downstream coil 10 is inserted into the upper side hole, the power supply cable is connected to the electrical connector, and current conduction is performed through the downstream coil 10 along the total dispenser current conduction direction 101; the solid arrows indicate the general distributor cooling water flow direction 102, cooling water enters from the middle hole through the joint connection, and one path of cooling water continuously flows along the central axis along the main path to cool the upstream electrode 5, the downstream air flow distributor 6, the downstream electrode 7, the downstream top cover 8 and the downstream shell 14; one path of the cooling water flows into the square copper pipe of the downstream coil 10 with the upper side hole along the lateral opening to cool the coil; the cooling water flowing through the downstream coil 10 and the upstream coil 9 returns to the main distributor 1 through the lower side hole, then the cooling water is combined with the cooling water main path flowing through the interlayer of the downstream shell 14 and the downstream lining 12 through the outer side opening of the lower side hole, and enters the interlayer of the upstream shell 13 and the upstream lining 11 to cool the upstream shell 13. The dashed tail arrow indicates the overall distributor gas delivery direction 103, through the connector connection into the right side opening directly into the device interior chamber.
Referring to fig. 4, the dovetail arrow indicates the secondary distributor current conduction direction 301, which is connected to the secondary distributor 3 through the power transfer tube 2, and is transferred downstream along the secondary distributor current conduction direction 301 along the entire secondary distributor with good conductivity; the solid arrow indicates the flowing direction 302 of the cooling water of the secondary distributor, the cooling water enters the secondary distributor 2 through the blind hole of the middle shaft at the upstream end, passes through the lateral annular groove, and is transmitted downstream along the flowing direction 302 of the cooling water of the secondary distributor through a plurality of axial through holes uniformly distributed on the lateral part in the circumferential direction; the dashed tail arrow indicates the direction of gas delivery 303 from the secondary distributor, through radial through holes offset from the plurality of axial through holes uniformly distributed circumferentially on the side, into blind holes in the central shaft at the downstream end, and downstream along the direction of the dashed tail arrow of the direction 303 of gas delivery from the secondary distributor.
The invention greatly improves the energy conversion efficiency of the direct-current arc ultra-temperature gas heating device, and the service life of the electrode is doubled. Taking air as working medium gas as an example, under the condition of running power of 60-300 kW, the overall structure of the electrode is simplified, the heat conversion efficiency reaches more than 75%, the service life of an upstream electrode is prolonged to about 1000 hours, the service life of a downstream electrode is prolonged to about 250 hours, meanwhile, the service life of the downstream electrode can be prolonged to 500 hours again through symmetrical design, the industrialized use cost of the device is obviously reduced, and the resource utilization rate is improved.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A direct current arc gas heating device is characterized in that an upstream top cover (16), a total distributor (1), a power transmission tube (2), a secondary distributor (3), an upstream gas distributor (4), an upstream electrode (5), a downstream gas distributor (6), a downstream electrode (7) and a downstream top cover (8) are defined in the gas flow direction, an upstream coil (9) is installed on the periphery of the upstream electrode (5) in a surrounding manner, and a downstream coil (10) is installed on the periphery of the downstream electrode (7) in a surrounding manner; the upstream coil (9) and the downstream coil (10) are connected in series, the downstream coil (10) and the power transmission tube (2) are conducted by a conductive clamp (15) to form a serial structure, a downstream bushing (12) and a downstream shell (14) are sequentially and circumferentially arranged between the total distributor (1) and the downstream top cover (8) from inside to outside, an upstream bushing (11) and an upstream shell (13) are circumferentially arranged between the total distributor (1) and the upstream top cover (16) from inside to outside, and electrodes in the axial electrode double-arc discharge chamber are connected in series with the external coil to form a follow-up magnetic field structure; the cooling water channel with the mixed structure is formed by a main distributor (1), a power transfer tube (2), a secondary distributor (3), an axial electrode double arc discharge chamber, an external coil, a downstream top cover (8), a downstream bushing (12), a downstream shell (14), an upstream shell (13) and an upstream bushing (11);
the upstream gas distributor (4), the upstream electrode (5), the downstream gas distributor (6) and the downstream electrode (7) are sequentially and axially arranged from upstream to downstream to form an axial electrode double-arc discharge chamber, the upstream coil (9) is clockwise wound from upstream to downstream, the downstream coil (10) is anticlockwise wound from upstream to downstream, the follow-up magnetic field structure is formed by sequentially connecting the upstream coil (9), the downstream coil (10), the conductive clamp (15), the power transmission tube (2), the secondary distributor (3), the upstream gas distributor (4), the upstream electrode (5) and the downstream electrode (7) in series to form a follow-up magnetic field structure, and the power supply cable is connected with the inlet end of the upstream coil (9) penetrating through the through hole of the main distributor (1) to uniformly supply power;
the upstream electrode (5) is of a tubular structure, the downstream electrode (7) is of a tubular structure, an axisymmetric structure is adopted, the secondary distributor (3) is of a cylindrical structure, and blind holes which are not communicated with each other are respectively arranged in the centers of the two sides of the upstream and the downstream; blind holes parallel to the downstream central blind holes are uniformly distributed on the outer sides of the downstream central blind holes, the diameters of the blind holes are smaller than those of the downstream central blind holes, and the blind holes are connected with the upstream central blind holes through annular grooves to form cooling water passages; the near downstream end is provided with a radial through hole staggered with the downstream peripheral blind hole and connected with the downstream central blind hole to form an air inlet passage;
the shape of the total distributor (1) is a cylindrical structure, four fixing claws are uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the middle part, a plurality of radial blind screw holes are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the downstream end and are used for limiting and fixing with an upstream bushing (11) and a downstream bushing (12), the total distributor (1) is axially provided with four through holes, each through hole comprises a central hole and three peripheral holes, the central hole is a water inlet through hole, the upstream is connected with a water inlet pipe, and the downstream is connected with a power transmission pipe (2); the first peripheral holes are electric connection holes and are distributed at the upper part of the central hole, radial through holes are formed between the middle section and the central hole, an electric connector of the upstream coil (9) penetrates through the first peripheral holes, the solid end is connected with a power supply cable, and the radial through holes are communicated with through holes on the side wall of the electric connector; the second peripheral holes are air inlet holes and are distributed on the left side or the right side of the central hole, and the upstream end of the second peripheral holes is inserted into an air inlet pipeline; the third peripheral hole is a water return hole and is distributed at the lower part of the central hole, through holes are drilled from the periphery of the total distributor (1) to the third peripheral hole, the tubular joint of the downstream coil (10) is inserted from the downstream of the third peripheral hole, and the through holes are communicated with the through holes on the side wall of the tubular joint.
2. A direct current arc gas heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the upstream coil (9) is mounted between the secondary distributor (3) and the downstream gas distributor (6) with the same axial length as the upstream electrode (5); the downstream coil (10) is mounted between the downstream gas distributor (6) and the downstream cap (8) and has the same axial length as the downstream electrode (7).
3. The direct-current arc gas heating device according to claim 1, wherein after the cooling water in the cooling water channel enters the main distributor (1) through the water inlet pipe, the cooling water is divided into two paths by the main distributor (1), and one path returns to the main distributor (1) through the upstream coil (9) and the downstream coil (10);
the second path enters the power transfer tube (2), cooling water is led to an interlayer between the upstream electrode (5) and the upstream coil (9) by the secondary distributor (3), then is led to an interlayer between the downstream electrode (7) and the downstream coil (10) by an axial through hole of the downstream gas distributor (6), is led to an interlayer between the downstream shell (14) and the downstream bushing (12) by a radial through hole of the downstream top cover (8), and returns to the periphery of the total distributor (1);
the first and second cooling water passages are converged at the periphery of the total distributor (1) and then discharged out of the heating device through the water outlet via the interlayer between the upstream shell (13) and the upstream bushing (11).
4. A direct current arc gas heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the upstream gas distributor (4) is a tubular structure with a closed upstream end and an open downstream end; the outer diameter of the upstream side is the same as that of the upstream electrode (5), and tangential holes are formed in the side wall from outside to inside; the downstream side is an external thread structure, and the inner diameter is the same as that of the upstream electrode (5);
the upstream side of the upstream electrode (5) is of an internal thread structure, the inner wall of the downstream side is provided with a horn-shaped round angle in a pouring way, and the outer wall of the downstream side is provided with an inward mounting step;
the downstream gas distributor (6) is of a tubular structure, and the inner wall and the outer wall are provided with positioning steps; the axial middle part of the downstream gas distributor (6) is provided with a tangential hole, and the wall is provided with an axial through hole staggered with the tangential hole;
the outer diameter of the downstream electrode (7) is the same as that of the upstream electrode (5), the inner walls of the upstream and downstream are respectively provided with a horn-shaped round angle, and the outer walls are inward mounting steps;
the tangential hole rotation direction of the upstream gas distributor (4) is opposite to that of the downstream gas distributor (6), the tangential hole rotation direction of the upstream gas distributor (4) is the same as that of the upstream coil (9), and the tangential hole rotation direction of the downstream gas distributor (6) is the same as that of the downstream coil (10).
5. A direct current arc gas heating apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the tangential holes of the upstream gas distributor (4) and the tangential holes of the downstream gas distributor (6) are selected in number and diameter in total at 1:8; the tangential holes of the downstream gas distributor (6) comprise 4 and are uniformly distributed circumferentially.
6. A direct current arc gas heating apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the wall thickness of the upstream gas distributor (4) is 3-4 mm; the outer diameter of the upstream electrode (5) is 34-38 mm, the thickness is 7-9 mm, and the length is 70-80 mm; the material is silver-copper alloy, silver accounts for 90+/-2%, and copper accounts for 10+/-2%; the thickness of the downstream electrode (7) is 10-12 mm, the length is 210-240 mm, and the downstream electrode is made of pure copper.
7. A direct current arc gas heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the downstream top cover (8) is of a thick-walled annular structure, the upstream end is provided with positioning steps connected to the downstream electrode (7), the downstream coil (10) and the downstream bushing (12), respectively, and the downstream end is provided with positioning steps connected to the downstream housing (14); radial through holes to the outer wall are uniformly distributed among the downstream top cover (8), the downstream electrode (7) and the two positioning steps of the downstream coil (10), and the radial through holes are distributed in a radial manner to form cooling water passages.
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| CN101394704A (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-03-25 | Posco公司 | Plasma spray gun device and method for treating returning ore by plasma |
| CN103391678A (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2013-11-13 | Gs普兰斯特有限公司 | Plasma torch of non-transferred and hollow type |
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