CN108767471B - vivaldi antenna - Google Patents
vivaldi antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108767471B CN108767471B CN201810831989.9A CN201810831989A CN108767471B CN 108767471 B CN108767471 B CN 108767471B CN 201810831989 A CN201810831989 A CN 201810831989A CN 108767471 B CN108767471 B CN 108767471B
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vivaldi antenna, and relates to the technical field of antennas for communication. The vivaldi antenna comprises a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit which are the same in size, wherein the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit comprise an antenna dielectric plate and a radiation patch, a first notch is formed in the upper side of the middle of a dielectric layer on the first antenna unit from top to bottom, and the radiation patch on the first antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric layer by taking the first notch as a symmetry axis; a second notch is formed in the lower side of the middle of the dielectric layer on the second antenna unit from bottom to top, and the radiation patch on the second antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric layer by taking the second notch as a symmetry axis; the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are connected together in a positive crisscross manner. The vivaldi antenna has the advantages of high gain, high efficiency and stable radiation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas for communication, in particular to a vivaldi antenna.
Background
Traditional near field measurement is limited by narrow frequency band of the probe antenna, only one polarization exists, and the defects cause tedious and low efficiency of incoming field measurement. In order to achieve fast and high-precision near-field testing, broadband dual-polarized probe antennas are being largely applied in near-field measurement. The loading of chip resistors on the antenna radiating arms for impedance matching over a wide frequency band can result in reduced antenna efficiency and antenna gain.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to provide a vivaldi antenna with high gain, high efficiency and stable radiation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a vivaldi antenna, characterized by: the antenna comprises a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit which are the same in size, wherein the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit comprise an antenna dielectric plate and a radiation patch, a first notch is formed in the upper side of the middle of a dielectric layer on the first antenna unit from top to bottom, and the radiation patch on the first antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric layer by taking the first notch as a symmetry axis; a second notch is formed in the lower side of the middle of the dielectric layer on the second antenna unit from bottom to top, the radiation patch on the second antenna unit is symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric layer by taking the second notch as a symmetry axis, and the pattern of the radiation patch on the first antenna unit is the same as the pattern of the radiation patch on the second antenna unit; the length of the first notch is equal to the length of the second notch, the width of the first notch and the width of the second notch are equal to the thickness of the antenna dielectric plate, when the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are connected together, the dielectric layer below the first notch is inserted into the second notch, and the dielectric layer above the second notch is inserted into the first notch, so that the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are in positive cross connection.
The further technical proposal is that: the radiation patch comprises a left radiation patch part and a right radiation patch part which are symmetrically arranged, wherein the left radiation patch part comprises a lower radiation patch, a middle radiation patch and a first upper radiation patch, an interval is kept between the lower radiation patch and the middle radiation patch and the radiation patch is connected with the radiation patch through a first loading resistor, the middle radiation patch is connected with the first upper radiation patch through a second loading resistor, and the outer side of the first upper radiation patch is provided with a second upper radiation patch connected with the first upper radiation patch.
The further technical proposal is that: the curves of the inner edges of the lower radiation patch, the middle radiation patch and the first upper radiation patch are exponential gradual change curves.
The further technical proposal is that: the second upper radiation patch is semi-circular in whole.
The further technical proposal is that: the resistance value of the loading resistor is 100 ohms.
The further technical proposal is that: the antenna dielectric plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene with a dielectric constant of 2.55.
The further technical proposal is that: the thickness of the antenna dielectric plate is 1.5mm, and the thickness of the radiation patch is 0.035mm.
The further technical proposal is that: the upper side and the lower side of the lower radiation patch are horizontal lines, the outer side of the lower radiation patch is a vertical line, and the upper side horizontal line, the lower side horizontal line, the outer side vertical line and the inner side curve on the lower radiation patch are enclosed to form a radiation patch with a right trapezoid as a whole; the upper side and the lower side of the middle radiation patch are horizontal lines, the outer side of the middle radiation patch is a vertical line, and the upper side horizontal line, the lower side horizontal line, the outer side vertical line and the inner side curve on the middle radiation patch are enclosed to form a radiation patch with a right trapezoid as a whole; the downside of the first upper radiation patch is a horizontal line, the outer side of the first upper radiation patch is a vertical line, and the lower side horizontal line, the outer side vertical line and the inner side curve on the first upper radiation patch enclose a radiation patch which is a right triangle as a whole.
The further technical proposal is that: the antenna further comprises a balun structure, the balun structure comprises an input end microstrip line and an output end microstrip line which are positioned on the upper surface of the antenna dielectric plate, the input end microstrip line transversely extends from the left side or the right side of the upper surface of the antenna dielectric plate towards the middle of the antenna unit, the inner side end part of the input end microstrip line is connected with a signal line of a coplanar waveguide on the lower surface of the antenna dielectric plate through a metalized through hole, the lower surface of the antenna dielectric plate is further provided with a U-shaped grounding wire of the coplanar waveguide, the signal line is positioned in an opening of the U-shaped grounding wire, a space is reserved between the input end microstrip line and the output end microstrip line, the output end microstrip line is of a T shape, two free ends of the output end microstrip line and the U-shaped grounding wire are connected through the metalized through hole, and one end of the output end microstrip line, which is close to the inner side of the antenna unit, extends to a radiation patch on the first antenna unit or the second antenna unit for coupling and excitation.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in: the antenna adopts an innovative structural form, so that the radiation characteristic of the antenna is optimized; the comprehensive means is used for loading to realize miniaturization, and compared with the conventional means, the size is reduced by more than 50%; the gain is moderate, and the processing is convenient and the integration is convenient through the PCB process.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure (without balun structure) of the first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of the second antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention (without balun structure);
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure (with balun structure) of the first antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the balun structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1. the antenna comprises a first antenna unit 2, a second antenna unit 3, an antenna dielectric plate 4, a first notch 5, a second notch 6, a lower radiation patch 7, a middle radiation patch 8, a first upper radiation patch 9, a first loading resistor 10, a second loading resistor 11, a second upper radiation patch 12, a balun structure 13, an input microstrip line 14, an output microstrip line 15, a signal line 16, a metallized through hole 17 and a U-shaped grounding wire.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in fig. 1-4, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a vivaldi antenna, which is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a first antenna unit 1 and a second antenna unit 2 which are the same in size, wherein the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 comprise an antenna dielectric plate 3 and a radiation patch. A first notch 4 is formed in the upper side of the middle of the dielectric layer on the first antenna unit 1 from top to bottom, and the radiation patch on the first antenna unit 1 is symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric layer by taking the first notch 4 as a symmetry axis; a second notch 5 is formed in the lower side of the middle of the dielectric layer on the second antenna unit 2 from bottom to top, the radiation patch on the second antenna unit 2 is symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric layer by taking the second notch 5 as a symmetry axis, and the pattern of the radiation patch on the first antenna unit 1 is the same as the pattern of the radiation patch on the second antenna unit 2; the sum of the length of the first notch 4 and the length of the second notch 5 is the same as the length of the antenna dielectric plate 3, and the width of the first notch 4 and the width of the second notch 5 are the same as the thickness of the antenna dielectric plate 3; when the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 are connected together, the dielectric layer below the first notch 4 is inserted into the second notch 5, and the dielectric layer above the second notch 5 is inserted into the first notch 4, so that the first antenna unit 1 and the second antenna unit 2 are in positive cross connection.
Further, as shown in fig. 1-3, the radiating patch includes a left radiating patch portion and a right radiating patch portion that are symmetrically disposed. The left radiation patch part comprises a lower radiation patch 6, a middle radiation patch 7 and a first upper radiation patch 8, wherein an interval is kept between the lower radiation patch 6 and the middle radiation patch 7 and the interval is connected with the first upper radiation patch 8 through a first loading resistor 9, the middle radiation patch 7 is connected with the first upper radiation patch 8 through a second loading resistor 10, and a second upper radiation patch 11 connected with the first upper radiation patch 8 is arranged on the outer side of the first upper radiation patch 8.
The curves of the inner edges of the lower radiation patch 6, the middle radiation patch 7 and the first upper radiation patch 8 are exponentially graded curves. The exponential progression curve is composed ofDetermining, wherein p1 (x 1, y 1), p2 (x 2, y 2) are respectively the start point and the end point of the gradual change line, wherein R is an exponential factor, c 1 And c 2 Calculated from the following formula:
the gradual curvature R of the exponential curve determines the tendency of the vivaldi antenna slot line to gradually change. The value of R has an important influence on the impedance matching bandwidth of the antenna.
The second upper radiation patch 11 is semi-circular in whole, and an irregular patch similar to a semi-circular (second upper radiation patch) is arranged at the terminal of the exponential gradual change curve, so that the impedance bandwidth is widened, and meanwhile, the miniaturized design is realized; the resistance values of the first loading resistor 9 and the second loading resistor 10 are 100 ohms. The antenna dielectric plate 3 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene with a dielectric constant of 2.55 so as to realize miniaturization of the antenna; preferably, the thickness of the antenna dielectric plate is 1.5mm, and the thickness of the radiation patch is 0.035mm.
Further, as shown in fig. 1-3, the upper and lower sides of the lower radiation patch 6 are horizontal lines, the outer side of the lower radiation patch 6 is a vertical line, and the upper and lower horizontal lines, the outer vertical line and the inner curve on the lower radiation patch 6 enclose a radiation patch which is a right trapezoid as a whole; the upper side and the lower side of the middle radiation patch 7 are horizontal lines, the outer side of the middle radiation patch 7 is a vertical line, and the upper side horizontal line, the lower side horizontal line, the outer side vertical line and the inner side curve on the middle radiation patch 7 are enclosed to form a radiation patch with a right trapezoid shape as a whole; the lower side of the first upper radiation patch 8 is a horizontal line, the outer side of the first upper radiation patch 8 is a vertical line, and the lower side horizontal line, the outer side vertical line and the inner side curve on the first upper radiation patch 8 enclose a radiation patch which is a right triangle as a whole.
As shown in fig. 5, the antenna further comprises a balun structure 12, and the balun structure 12 comprises an input microstrip line 13 and an output microstrip line 14 on the upper surface of the antenna dielectric plate 3. The input microstrip line 13 extends transversely from the left side or the right side edge of the upper surface of the antenna dielectric plate 3 towards the middle of the antenna unit, the inner side end of the input microstrip line 13 is connected with the signal line 15 of the coplanar waveguide on the lower surface of the antenna dielectric plate 3 through a metalized through hole 16, the lower surface of the antenna dielectric plate 3 is further provided with a U-shaped grounding line 17 of the coplanar waveguide, and the signal line 15 is located in an opening of the U-shaped grounding line 17. The input end microstrip line 13 and the output end microstrip line 14 are kept at intervals, the output end microstrip line 14 is of a T shape, the output end microstrip line 14 and the two free ends of the U-shaped grounding line 17 are connected through a metalized through hole 16, and one end of the output end microstrip line 14, which is close to the inner side of the antenna unit, extends to a radiation patch on the first antenna unit 1 or the second antenna unit 2.
The transition interconnection structure proposed by the balun structure is a microstrip line-coplanar waveguide-microstrip line transition structure. The input microstrip line extends for a certain length and is connected with the signal line of the coplanar waveguide at the bottom layer through the metallized through hole transition structure to realize the first transition, and the electromagnetic field is completely transited to be transmitted on the coplanar waveguide at the back of the dielectric plate. And then the coplanar waveguide continues to extend, and the grounding wire of the coplanar waveguide is connected with the output end microstrip line positioned on the top layer of the dielectric plate through the metallized through hole, so that transition between different transmission lines for the second time is realized. The end result is that the rf signal is phase inverted after passing through the transition structure, and at the same time, the input and output ports are microstrip line structures, which do not affect the interconnection of the transition structure in the antenna.
The transition structure proposed in the balun structure has the effect of phase reversing the input signal. Whether the antenna is broadband or not can be judged through the quantity of the current paths on the surface of the antenna, when the current paths on the surface of the antenna are diversified, different current paths correspond to different working frequency points, so that the antenna can work on a wide frequency band, and the Vivaldi antenna can provide diversified and continuous current paths, so that a very wide bandwidth is realized. In addition, the impedance matching problem of the feed network and the antenna needs to be considered when designing the antenna. The advantages and disadvantages of impedance matching have a great influence on the antenna operation performance. The input impedance of two radiation patches of the Vivaldi antenna and the impedance of two output ports of the balun are about 120 ohms, so that good impedance matching can be realized theoretically, and the impedance matching problem of a feed network and the antenna in the broadband antenna is well solved. The balun is used as a feed network of the antenna, only occupies a small part of the whole antenna, has small size, meets the miniaturization requirement, and has the characteristics of simple structure, easy integration and easy processing by adopting a PCB process.
Claims (6)
1. A vivaldi antenna, characterized by: the antenna comprises a first antenna unit (1) and a second antenna unit (2) which are the same in size, wherein the first antenna unit (1) and the second antenna unit (2) comprise an antenna dielectric plate (3) and a radiation patch, a first notch (4) is formed in the upper side of the middle of a dielectric layer on the first antenna unit (1) from top to bottom, and the radiation patch on the first antenna unit (1) is symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric layer on the first antenna unit (1) by taking the first notch (4) as a symmetry axis; a second notch (5) is formed in the lower side of the middle of the dielectric layer on the second antenna unit (2) from bottom to top, the radiation patch on the second antenna unit (2) is symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric layer on the second antenna unit (2) by taking the second notch (5) as a symmetry axis, and the pattern of the radiation patch on the first antenna unit (1) is the same as the pattern of the radiation patch on the second antenna unit (2); the sum of the lengths of the first notch (4) and the second notch (5) is the same as the length of the antenna dielectric plate (3), the width of the first notch (4) and the width of the second notch (5) are the same as the thickness of the antenna dielectric plate (3), when the first antenna unit (1) and the second antenna unit (2) are connected together, a dielectric layer below the first notch (4) is inserted into the second notch (5), and a dielectric layer above the second notch (5) is inserted into the first notch (4), so that the first antenna unit (1) and the second antenna unit (2) are in positive cross connection;
the radiating patches on the first antenna unit (1) and the radiating patches on the second antenna unit (2) comprise a left radiating patch part and a right radiating patch part which are symmetrically arranged, the left radiating patch part comprises a lower radiating patch (6), a middle radiating patch (7) and a first upper radiating patch (8), an interval is kept between the lower radiating patch (6) and the middle radiating patch (7) and the interval is connected with the first upper radiating patch (8) through a first loading resistor (9), the middle radiating patch (7) is connected with the first upper radiating patch (8) through a second loading resistor (10), and a second upper radiating patch (11) connected with the first upper radiating patch is arranged on the outer side of the first upper radiating patch (8); the curves of the inner edges of the lower radiation patch (6), the middle radiation patch (7) and the first upper radiation patch (8) are exponentially graded curves;
the upper side and the lower side of the lower radiation patch (6) are horizontal lines, the outer side of the lower radiation patch (6) is a vertical line, and the upper side horizontal line, the lower side horizontal line, the outer side vertical line and the inner side curve on the lower radiation patch (6) are enclosed to form a radiation patch with a right trapezoid as a whole; the upper side and the lower side of the middle radiation patch (7) are horizontal lines, the outer side of the middle radiation patch (7) is a vertical line, and the upper side horizontal line, the lower side horizontal line, the outer side vertical line and the inner side curve on the middle radiation patch (7) are enclosed to form a radiation patch with a right trapezoid as a whole; the lower side of the first upper radiation patch (8) is a horizontal line, the outer side of the first upper radiation patch (8) is a vertical line, the lower side horizontal line, the outer side vertical line and the inner side curve on the first upper radiation patch (8) enclose a radiation patch which is a right triangle as a whole, and the vivaldi antenna can cover a frequency range of 0.4 GHz-6 GHz.
2. The vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein: the second upper radiation patch (11) is semi-circular in overall shape.
3. The vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein: the resistance values of the first loading resistor (9) and the second loading resistor (10) are 100 ohms.
4. The vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein: the antenna dielectric plate (3) is manufactured by using polytetrafluoroethylene with a dielectric constant of 2.55.
5. The vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the antenna dielectric plate is 1.5mm, and the thickness of the radiation patch is 0.035mm.
6. The vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein: the antenna further comprises a balun structure (12), the balun structure (12) comprises an input end microstrip line (13) and an output end microstrip line (14) which are positioned on the upper surface of the antenna dielectric plate (3), the input end microstrip line (13) transversely extends from the left side or the right side of the upper surface of the antenna dielectric plate (3) towards the middle of the antenna unit, the inner side end part of the input end microstrip line (13) is connected with a signal line (15) of a coplanar waveguide on the lower surface of the antenna dielectric plate (3) through a metalized through hole (16), the lower surface of the antenna dielectric plate (3) is further provided with a U-shaped grounding line (17) of a coplanar waveguide, the signal line (15) is positioned in an opening of the U-shaped grounding line (17), a space is kept between the input end microstrip line (13) and the output end microstrip line (14), the output end microstrip line (14) is of a T-shaped, the inner side end part of the input end microstrip line (14) is connected with two free ends of the U-shaped grounding line (17) through the metalized through holes (16) to the microstrip line (1) of the antenna unit, and the microstrip line (14) is connected to the microstrip patch (2) of the antenna unit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810831989.9A CN108767471B (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2018-07-26 | vivaldi antenna |
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| CN201810831989.9A CN108767471B (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2018-07-26 | vivaldi antenna |
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| CN108767471A CN108767471A (en) | 2018-11-06 |
| CN108767471B true CN108767471B (en) | 2024-01-19 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109244658A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of vivaldi antenna |
| CN109378589B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-08-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Broadband dual-polarization low-scattering probe and array suitable for near-field plane wave simulator |
| CN109616758A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-12 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of miniature ultra wide band dual polarization probe antenna for Planar Near-Field Measurement |
| CN110429391A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-11-08 | 朱永忠 | A kind of snail orbital angular momentum Vivaldi array antenna and method |
| CN111987448B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-08-12 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna |
| CN112018514A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-01 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | Dual-frequency dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna |
| CN115020975B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-12-09 | 中信科移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Circularly polarized gradient double-slotted antenna and control method thereof |
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| CN108767471A (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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