CN108767277B - Fe-Pd-based nano-porous material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fe-Pd-based nano-porous material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
A nano porous material and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of new materials. The catalytic material takes Fe-Pd-P amorphous alloy as precursor alloy, and adopts a chemical dealloying process to prepare the nano-porous material with a uniform net structure in a room-temperature acidic environment, so that the obtained Fe-Pd-based nano-porous material has excellent electro-catalytic performance on formic acid and the like. The obtained nano-porous material is used as an electrode material, so that the electrocatalytic performance to formic acid is obviously improved. Compared with the traditional metal material, the prepared nano porous material has the advantages of uniform structure, high specific surface area, good stability and no CO poisoning in the formic acid electrocatalysis process; the chemical dealloying method has low cost, is simple and efficient, and is easy to realize industrial production; the prepared nano porous material is widely applied to the field of new energy electrode materials such as fuel cells and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new materials, and particularly relates to a nano porous material prepared from Fe-Pd based amorphous alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The nano porous material is a research hotspot in the field of new materials, and compared with the traditional metal material, the nano porous metal material has high specific surface area and special surface interface, and is widely applied to the fields of fuel cells, capacitors, sensors, catalysis and the like.
The preparation method of the nano porous material comprises a dealloying method, a template method, a sintering method, a layer-by-layer self-assembly technology and the like. Wherein, the chemical dealloying method is a chemical corrosion process, in a solution, more active elements in the alloy are corroded and dissolved, and inert elements are diffused and recombined to form a nano porous structure. The dealloying method has low cost, is simple and efficient, and is easy to realize industrial production, so the dealloying method is obvious in a plurality of preparation methods.
The key point of the dealloying method for preparing the nano porous metal material lies in the selection of the precursor alloy, and the precursor has the characteristics of uniform alloy components and wide single-phase region components, so that the range of a multi-element alloy system applicable to the dealloying method is limited. Currently, the selected precursor alloy systems mainly focus on Ni-based, Cu-based, Mn-based, Mg-based, Zn-based, Al-based alloys, and the like, and studies on Fe-based alloy systems have been few. Compared with the traditional crystal material, the amorphous alloy material formed by rapid cooling has the advantages of uniform chemical components, no defects such as crystallization, dislocation and the like, larger component adjustability, wider selection range of constituent elements and the like. Therefore, the amorphous alloy is an excellent precursor material for preparing the multi-element nano porous metal, and the range of an alloy system applicable to the dealloying method is expanded.
At present, global energy and environmental challenges are becoming more serious, and the development of new energy is becoming more urgent. In the field of fuel cells, Pt-based catalytic materials are mainly used, and Pt is expensive and low in storage capacity, so that the development and application of fuel cells are limited, and the development of non-Pt-based catalytic materials is necessary. However, Pd is half as expensive as Pt and is directly dehydrated to CO in a formic acid catalyzed process2No CO poisoning occurs; the transition metal Fe element contains a vacant electron orbit and unpaired electrons, and after the transition metal Fe element is alloyed with Pd, the electron structure of the Pd is improved, and the electro-catalysis performance of the Pd on formic acid can be improved; the addition of the nonmetal P can improve the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the noble metal Pd on formic acid, so that the Fe-Pd-P amorphous alloy can be subjected to chemical dealloying treatment to obtain the high-efficiency nano porous material. The research on the efficient preparation of the Fe-Pd-based nano-porous material with excellent electrocatalysis performance has very important significance for the development of the new energy field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: overcomes the limitation of an alloy system applicable to a dealloying method, is difficult to efficiently prepare the nano porous material with excellent electro-catalytic performance and the like, and provides a method for preparing the nano porous material by using the Fe-Pd based amorphous alloy. By adopting a chemical dealloying method and utilizing the principle of redox reaction, Fe element in the Fe-Pd-P amorphous alloy is corroded and dissolved, and Pd element is diffused and recombined to form the nano porous material with a three-dimensional uniform net-shaped structure, the electrocatalytic performance of the Fe-Pd based nano porous material in formic acid solution is researched, and a new method and a new thought are provided for an electrode catalytic material of a fuel cell.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a nano-porous material is prepared by taking Fe-Pd-P amorphous alloy as a precursor alloy and adopting a chemical dealloying process under the room-temperature acidic environment, and the obtained Fe-Pd-based nano-porous material has excellent electrocatalytic properties on formic acid and the like. Wherein, the transition metal Fe element can improve the electrocatalytic performance of Pd. The Fe-Pd based amorphous alloy has uniform components and no defect, and is an excellent precursor material.
The nano porous material is a three-dimensional uniform net structure with the aperture size of 40-180 nm and the pore wall size of 15-30 nm.
A method for preparing a nano-porous material by Fe-Pd based amorphous alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining amorphous alloy components: adopting high-purity Fe (99.9 mass percent) and Fe3P (99.5 mass%), Pd (99.9 mass%) and compound according to FeaPdbPcPreparing alloy composition components, wherein a is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 70, b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30, c is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30, and a + b + c = 100; the larger the atomic percentage of Fe in the Fe-Pd-P alloy system, the easier it is to form a nanoporous structure.
Step 2, preparing an amorphous alloy master alloy ingot: placing the alloy raw materials in an induction melting device, and vacuumizing to 8 multiplied by 10-3Fully smelting for 0.5h under the protection of high-purity argon (the purity is 99.99%) to obtain a master alloy ingot, wherein the Pa is lower than the standard value;
step 3, preparing an amorphous alloy thin strip by using a quenching strip-spinning method: in the quenching and belt-throwing equipment, the vacuum degree is lowAt 2.0X 10-3Introducing high-purity argon gas under the condition of the purity of 99.99 percent under Pa, heating the master alloy to 2000 ℃ by utilizing the electromagnetic induction effect, spraying the master alloy melt onto a water-cooled copper roller rotating at a high speed, wherein the rotating speed of the copper roller is 2000 revolutions per minute, and rapidly cooling to obtain an amorphous alloy thin strip;
step 4, preparing the nano porous material by using a chemical dealloying method: in a nitric acid solution environment, performing dealloying treatment on the amorphous alloy thin strip for 1-5 hours, corroding and dissolving Fe element, accumulating and recombining Pd element to obtain a nano porous material, fully cleaning with deionized water, and drying to obtain the nano porous material.
The width of the non-alloy thin strip in the step 3 is 1-2 mm, and the thickness of the non-alloy thin strip is 15-40 mu m.
The nitric acid solution in the step 4 is a solution with the mass fraction of 40-65%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention takes Fe-Pd base amorphous alloy as a precursor, expands the application field of the Fe base amorphous alloy and also widens the multi-element alloy system range applicable to the dealloying method;
the preparation method for the nano porous material by the chemical dealloying method has the advantages of simple and efficient preparation process, short production period, low material cost, wide applicability and easiness in industrial production;
the three-dimensional uniform reticular nano porous material prepared by the invention has the advantages that the pore size is 40-180 nm, the pore wall size is 15-30 nm, the structure is stable, and the components and the appearance are adjustable;
the Fe-Pd-based nano-porous material prepared by the invention has excellent electro-catalysis performance on formic acid and the like, and can be used as an electrode catalysis material in the field of electro-catalysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is Fe in example 1 of the present invention70Pd20P10Scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the amorphous alloy thin strip sample.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the nanoporous material prepared by chemical dealloying in example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a cyclic voltammogram of the amorphous raw thin strip and the nanoporous material against formic acid in example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the nanoporous material prepared by chemical dealloying in example 2 of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the nanoporous material prepared by chemical dealloying in example 3 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1: fe70Pd20P10The amorphous alloy is subjected to chemical dealloying treatment to prepare the nano porous material.
Step 1: ingredients
According to Fe70Pd20P10The atomic percentage of the alloy components is converted into weight percentage, and high-purity Fe (99.9 mass percent) and Fe are adopted3P (99.5 mass%), Pd (99.9 mass%) and compounds were weighed out in terms of alloy composition.
Step 2: and smelting a master alloy ingot.
Placing the prepared metal raw materials in a vacuum induction melting device NEV-SM04 model of Nissan technical research, and vacuumizing to 8 x 10-3Pa below, and fully smelting under the protection of high-purity argon (the purity is 99.99%) to obtain a master alloy ingot.
And step 3: and preparing and characterizing an amorphous alloy thin strip.
The vacuum degree of the vacuum quenching melt-spun device of NEV-SM04 model developed by the Nissan technology is lower than 2.0 multiplied by 10-3Introducing high-purity argon gas under Pa (purity of 99.99%), crushing the master alloy, placing the crushed master alloy into a quartz tube of a quenching device, heating the master alloy to 2000 ℃ by using electromagnetic induction effect, spraying the molten master alloy onto a water-cooled copper roller rotating at high speed, wherein the rotating speed of the copper roller is 2000 revolutions per minute, and rapidly cooling to obtain an amorphous alloy thin strip with the width of 2mm and the thickness of 25 micrometers; the phase analysis of the amorphous alloy thin strip is carried out by utilizing an X-pert powder X-ray diffractometer of the Parnake company in the Netherlands, CuKa radiation is 0.15406nm, the scanning range 2 theta is 30-90 degrees, and the phase analysis can be obtained by testingFe70Pd20P10The alloy sample has no obvious crystallization peak and has an amorphous structure; the appearance of the prepared amorphous alloy thin strip is observed by a Zeiss-Sigma IGMA HD type field emission scanning electron microscope of Germany Zeiss company, and Fe can be observed in a scanning electron microscope picture70Pd20P10The alloy sample has uniform components and no defects such as crystallization, dislocation and the like, as shown in the attached figure 1.
And 4, step 4: preparing the nano porous material by chemical dealloying and characterizing.
Fe of 2mm width by 25 μm thickness was washed with an ultrasonic washer of JP-020 type bench laboratory70Pd20P10Placing the amorphous alloy thin strip in an alcohol solution, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 5min, taking the cleaned amorphous alloy as a precursor material for chemical dealloying, placing the precursor material in a 0.1L concentrated nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 65% at 25 ℃ for dealloying for 3h, wherein the nitric acid solution is produced by national drug group chemical reagent limited, fully cleaning a sample by deionized water after 3h of chemical dealloying, and naturally drying to obtain a nano porous material; the prepared nano-porous material is subjected to sample morphology observation by using a Zeiss-Sigma IGMA HD type field emission scanning electron microscope of Germany Zeiss company, and a three-dimensional uniform reticular nano-porous material with the aperture size of 40-80 nm and the pore wall size of 15-30 nm can be observed in a scanning electron microscope photo, as shown in an attached figure 2.
And 5: and (3) testing the electrocatalytic performance of the nano porous material.
Performing cyclic voltammetry test by using CHI660 electrochemical workstation of Shanghai Huachen apparatus, Inc., working cell is glassy carbon electrode, and nano porous material with width of 2mm and Fe are mixed with nafion solution70Pd20P10The amorphous alloy thin strips are respectively adhered to the surfaces of the electrodes, the reference electrode is mercurous sulfate, and the counter electrode is a platinum wire. 0.01L of 0.5mol/L H at 25 DEG C2SO4+0.5mol/L HCOOH electrolyte to test the electro-catalysis performance of the nano-porous material on formic acid; the scanning rate of the cyclic voltammetry curve is 0.1V/s, and the scanning range is-0.8V, as shown in figure 3; by electrochemical testing, Fe70Pd20P10Amorphous alloy thin strip shapeThe oxidation peak potential is 0.1V, and the oxidation peak current density is 640A/m2The oxidation peak potential of the nano-porous material after 3 hours of chemical dealloying is-0.09V, and the oxidation peak current density is 1200A/m2Compared with the original thin strip, the oxidation peak potential is negatively shifted by 0.19V, and the oxidation peak current density is improved by 560A/m2Shows that Fe70Pd20P10The electro-catalytic performance of the nano porous material to formic acid can be improved by carrying out chemical dealloying treatment on the amorphous alloy thin strip for 3 hours.
Example 2: fe70Pd20P10The chemical dealloying time of the amorphous alloy is increased to 5 hours to prepare the nano porous material
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) fe of 2mm wide by 25 μm thick70Pd20P10The amorphous alloy thin strip is placed in a concentrated nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 65% at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 5h for dealloying to prepare the nano porous material.
(2) Preparing a three-dimensional uniform network structure nano porous material with the pore size of 55-90 nm and the pore wall size of 10-30 nm after 5h of chemical dealloying; as shown in fig. 4.
(3) Increasing the chemical dealloying time to 5h promotes Fe70Pd20P10And in the process of chemical dealloying of the amorphous alloy thin strip, Fe element is continuously corroded and dissolved, and the pore size of the nano porous material is continuously corroded and enlarged. The method is proved that in the acid solution, the chemical dealloying time is increased, the Fe element corrosion solution is promoted, and the stable state is facilitated.
Example 3: fe60Pd20P20Amorphous alloy chemical dealloying treatment for 5h to prepare nano porous material
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) according to Fe60Pd20P20The nominal component is prepared into Fe with the width of 2mm and the thickness of 30 mu m by batching and smelting and vacuum quenching melt-spun alloy60Pd20P20An amorphous alloy thin strip;
(2) fe of 2mm wide by 30 μm thick60Pd20P20After the amorphous alloy thin strip is chemically dealloyed in 0.1L of concentrated nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 65% at 25 ℃ for 5 hours, a large number of corrosion crack structures with the width of 50-180 nm are formed on a sample, as shown in figure 5.
（3）Fe60Pd20P20Amorphous alloy thin strip and Fe70Pd20P10Compared with the amorphous alloy, the Fe element is reduced, and the Fe element is dissolved in 0.1L of concentrated nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 65 percent at the temperature of 25 DEG C70Pd20P10The amorphous alloy is easy to be corroded and dissolved by Fe element, and the Pd element is diffused and recombined to form a three-dimensional uniform reticular nano porous structure. It is shown that the larger the atomic percentage of Fe in the Fe-Pd-P alloy system is, the more easily the nanoporous structure is formed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of Fe-Pd-based nano-porous material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining amorphous alloy components: using high-purity Fe, Fe3P, Pd element and compound according to FeaPdbPcPreparing alloy composition components, wherein a is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 70, b is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30, c is more than 0 and less than or equal to 30, and a + b + c = 100; the larger the atomic percentage of Fe in the Fe-Pd-P alloy system is, the more easily the nanoporous structure is formed, the purity of the Fe is 99.9mass%, and the Fe3The purity of P is 99.5mass percent, and the purity of Pd is 99.9mass percent;
step 2, preparing an amorphous alloy master alloy ingot: placing the alloy raw materials in an induction melting device, and vacuumizing to 8 multiplied by 10-3Fully smelting for 0.5h under the protection of high-purity argon under the Pa to obtain a master alloy ingot, wherein the purity of the argon is 99.99%;
step 3, preparing an amorphous alloy thin strip by using a quenching strip-spinning method: in a quenching melt-spinning device, the vacuum degree is less than 2.0 multiplied by 10-3Introducing high-purity argon gas for protection, heating the master alloy to 2000 ℃ by utilizing an electromagnetic induction effect, spraying the master alloy melt onto a water-cooled copper roller rotating at a high speed, wherein the rotating speed of the copper roller is 2000 rpm, and rapidly cooling to obtain an amorphous alloy thin strip, wherein the purity of the argon gas is 99.99%;
step 4, preparing the nano porous material by using a chemical dealloying method: in a nitric acid solution environment, performing dealloying treatment on the amorphous alloy thin strip for 1-5 hours, corroding and dissolving Fe element, accumulating and recombining Pd element to obtain a nano porous material, and fully cleaning the nano porous material with deionized water and then drying the nano porous material to obtain the nano porous material;
the nano porous material is a three-dimensional uniform reticular structure with the pore size of 40-180 nm and the pore wall size of 15-30 nm;
the nano-porous material has excellent electrocatalytic performance.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amorphous alloy ribbon of step 3 has a width of 1-2 mm and a thickness of 15-40 μm.
3. The method for preparing an Fe-Pd based nano-porous material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitric acid solution in the step 4 is a solution with a mass fraction of 40-65%.
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| CN109518215B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-06-15 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Nano porous amorphous electrocatalytic electrode and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110224148B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2021-08-03 | 华中科技大学 | Pt or Au modified porous PdFe intermetallic compound and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111068647B (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2022-12-09 | 南京工程学院 | Nano TiO (titanium dioxide) 2 -SnO 2 Method for preparing solid solution photocatalytic material |
| CN111118523B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-04-02 | 暨南大学 | Method for improving catalytic activity of Fe-based amorphous alloy for hydrogen evolution by electrolysis water through dealloying treatment |
| CN114192132B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2024-03-05 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for simultaneously obtaining nano porous strip and nano fiber powder |
| CN114724861A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-08 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing flexible sandwich type amorphous alloy composite electrode |
| CN115537622B (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-09-26 | 湖南大学 | Transition metal atom modified nanoporous ReSe 2 Material and preparation method thereof |
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