CN108766592A - A kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving - Google Patents
A kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108766592A CN108766592A CN201810522750.3A CN201810522750A CN108766592A CN 108766592 A CN108766592 A CN 108766592A CN 201810522750 A CN201810522750 A CN 201810522750A CN 108766592 A CN108766592 A CN 108766592A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- steam generator
- reactor
- core
- flash distillation
- pressure vessel
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving, including reactor pressure vessel, the once through steam generator being placed in inside pressure vessel, control rod drive mechanism and reactor core, cylindrical rising passway and circular fall-off channel are divided by reactor core cradle cylinder body inside pressure vessel, it is not provided with main pump in the reactor pressure vessel, coolant is flowed by the two phase natural circulation of flash distillation driving in rising passway and decline passway, and by the heat transfer of reactor core to once through steam generator.When the integrated reacting stack operation of the flash distillation driving of the present invention, the temperature of reactor core outlet coolant is close to the saturation temperature under relevant pressure, coolant flashes generation bubble within the ascent stage because pressure reduces, and reactor natural-circulation capacity is promoted to the drag force effect of coolant mainstream using bubble.Flash distillation driving integral reactor have it is good from steady self-regulating characteristics, can effectively adapt to unattended and remote control demand.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWRs of flash distillation driving, belong to nuclear reactor engineering technology neck
Domain.
Background technology
Floating nuclear power plant can provide for power supply, heat supply and the sea water desalination in the fields such as offshore oil and gas field exploitation, Islands Exploitation
Reliably, the electric power stablized, the raising of research and development technology have the development of national economy and the progress of Defence business of crucial importance
Meaning.Since floating nuclear power plant is far from native country, lack the logistics support on land, and existing nuclear power plant reactor Natural Circulation
Ability is weaker, and when the full ship loss of power accident occurs, reactor fuel decay heat, which continues to build up, may lead to core meltdown, causes a large amount of
The major accident of radioactive substance leakage.It is the pass for having to solve thus to explore and improve reactor natural-circulation capacity
Key technology problem.Although the existing nuclear power unit reactor in China can realize coolant Natural Circulation in low- load conditions
Operation, but limited by single-phase natural circulation driving force, it often cannot be satisfied the demand of full working scope natural-circulation operation.
Since the driving force that Natural Circulation provides is limited, in normal reactor operation only relying on Natural Circulation takes reactor core out of
There are certain difficulty for heat production.In the design scheme of existing full natural circulation reactor, mostly use reduce reactor capability or
The method of cold and hot section of difference in height in reactor is promoted to improve reactor natural-circulation capacity.On the one hand these methods limit anti-
Heap power level is answered, the application demand of reactor has been limited to；On the other hand the structure size for increasing reactor, is unfavorable for reacting
The miniaturization of heap.And although two phase natural circulation can improve the natural circulation flow of reactor, due in bringing-up section
Existing boiling heat transfer phenomena can cause critical heat flux density increase and a plurality of types of two-phase flow wild effects, this
A little factors are all unfavorable for floating nuclear power plant reactor.
Invention content
It is a kind of be applicable in the purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving
In the full Natural Circulation integrated small presurized water reactor with flash distillation driving of floating nuclear power plant.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：Including reactor pressure vessel, it is arranged in reactor pressure vessel
Steam generator and reactor core are provided with the steam generator arranged up and down into choma in reactor pressure vessel inner surface
Shape partition board and steam generator outlet annular partition, and steam generator import annular partition and steam generator outlet annular every
Circular hole corresponding with steam generator number is evenly arranged on plate respectively, in steam generator import annular partition and steam
The end set of generator exports annular partition has a core barrel cylinder, and core barrel cylinder is by reactor pressure vessel inside points
It is segmented into positioned at intermediate cylindrical rising passway and circular fall-off channel, the reactor core is located at cylindrical rising passway
In, the steam generator is located at steam generator import annular partition and steam generator outlet ring in circular fall-off channel
Between shape partition board, control rod and control rod drive mechanism, core barrel cylinder lower end are provided on the reactor core
It is provided with core flow distributing pore plate, the pressure heap reaction vessel top is provided with spray tube.
The invention also includes some such structure features：
1. the pressure heap reaction vessel includes the cylindrical tube of centre, the semiellipse in cylindrical tube upper end is arranged
Shape end cover is arranged semiellipse type sealing structure in cylindrical tube lower end, and pressure heap reaction vessel upper end constitute it is steady
Space, lower end is pressed to constitute reactor core lower chambers.
2. being symmetrical arranged on bottom in reactor pressure vessel, there are four the fan-shaped core support components being used to support.
3. the position of the steam generator is higher than the position of reactor core.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1. a kind of full nature of flash distillation driving provided by the invention
Circular integration presurized water reactor can effectively adapt to unattended and remote control demand with good from steady self-regulating characteristics,
It is suitble to be difficult to the regional deployment garrisoned for a long time in personnel such as outlying district, island and deep-sea work stations.2. provided by the invention
A kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving, eliminates main pump, Conventional voltage regulators and its attached pipeline, can be effective
The accident for avoiding the above active equipment fault from causing；Built-in control rod drive mechanism is used in design, and reaction can be greatly decreased
Core pressure vessel open amount further avoids the generation of cut accident, has high inherent safety.3. the present invention provides
A kind of flash distillation driving full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR, coolant can run at higher temperatures, therefore can be with
The steam of more high parameter is provided, improves the thermal efficiency of a whole set of nuclear power unit, while integrated arrangement scheme can make a whole set of core
Power plant is smaller, improves economy and flexibility.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR structural schematic diagram of present invention flash distillation driving；
Fig. 2 is fan-shaped support member vertical view；
Fig. 3 is annular partition cross-sectional view；
Fig. 4 is the density along coolant flowpaths, temperature and void fraction distribution；
Reference sign：1. voltage stabilizing space, 2. steam generator import annular partitions, 3. steam generators, 4. decline
Section, 5. core barrel cylinders, 6. core flow distributing pore plates, 7. reactor core lower chambers, 8. core support components, 9. reactors
Core, 10. ascent stages, 11. steam generator outlet annular partitions, 12. reactor pressure vessels, 13. control rod drive mechanism,
14. control rod, 15. spray tubes.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention is further described in detail with specific implementation mode below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, the full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving of the invention includes：Reactor pressure
The container 12 and once through steam generator 3 being placed in inside pressure vessel 12, control rod drive mechanism 13 and reactor core 9,
The pressure vessel 12 is cylindrical tube, internal to be divided under cylindrical rising passway 10 and annular by reactor core cradle cylinder body 5
Channel 4 is dropped, main pump is not provided in the reactor pressure vessel 12, coolant exists by the two phase natural circulation of flash distillation driving
It is flowed in rising passway 10 and decline passway 4, and by the heat transfer of reactor core 9 to once through steam generator 3.
The pressure vessel 12 is cylindrical tube, and bottom is half elliptic sealing structure, is formed under reactor core
Chamber 7.The top of pressure vessel 12 between half elliptic end cap and cylinder by flanged joint, the once through steam generator 3,
Control rod drive mechanism 13 and reactor core 9 are all placed in the inside of reactor pressure vessel 12.This compact arrangement
The volume of reactor can be reduced, reduce occupied space, the convenient arrangement on floating platform.
12 inner surface of pressure vessel is welded with annular partition 2 and annular partition 11, the reactor core 9
In the bottom of the pressure vessel 12, the flange in the annular partition 2 is hung by the core barrel cylinder 5
On, the annular partition 11 plays fixed and protective effect to core barrel 5.The reactor core 9 is placed in pressure appearance
The bottom of device 12 is connected by the trepanning in hanging basket bottom rate distributing pore plate 6 with lower chambers 7, each reactor core assembly corresponds to
The flow distributing hole that one or more is evenly arranged, to ensure coolant evenly distributing at lower chambers.
The core barrel cylinder 5 is by the cylindrical rising passway 10 and ring at position centered on 12 inside points of pressure vessel
4 two parts of decline passway of shape.Reactor 9 is located at the bottom of cylindrical rising passway, and once through steam generator 3 is then located at ring
The top of shape decline passway, such arrangement ensure that maximum Cooling and Heat Source potential difference, to improve reactor Natural Circulation
Ability.
As shown in Fig. 2, there are four fan-shaped support member 8, the knots of support member 8 for 12 internal symmetry of pressure vessel arrangement
Structure is corresponding with the structure of 5 bottom of core barrel, shares part and fixes supporting role.Four fans are fixed in 9 bottom of reactor core
In shape support member 8, coolant can be by flowing into lower chambers 7 in the region between fan-shaped support member 8 by descending branch 4.Namely
9 bottom of reactor core is divided by four support members 8 that 12 low head inner surface of the pressure vessel is arranged symmetrically
The fixed supporting role in load part.
The reactor core 9 is constituted using multiple hexagon fuel assemblies, and fuel assembly uses Plate-type Fuel Elements
To reduce natural circulation stream dynamic resistance.Hexagonal fuel assembly can reduce core diameter, reduce reactor block as far as possible
Product.Fuel assembly uses Plate-type Fuel Elements, the heating channel that enclosed fuel element is constituted that can reduce coolant Natural Circulation
Flow resistance makes the coolant in each parallel port obtain the Natural Circulation driving force of bigger.Plate-type Fuel Elements center is pre-
Y-shaped water gap is stayed, as 14 channel of control rod.The control rod drive mechanism 13 is built-in control rod drive mechanism, respectively
Group control rod 14 and control rod drive mechanism 13 may be contained in 12 inner space of pressure vessel.
The control rod 14 and control rod drive mechanism 13 is placed in 10 inner space of rising passway.
The once through steam generator 3 is arranged symmetrically between 12 cylinder of reactor pressure vessel and core barrel 5
In ring seal space, 3 primary side entrance sleeve mouth of the once through steam generator by trepanning on annular partition 2 with it is described
Voltage stabilizing space 1 is directly connected to, 3 primary side discharge connection mouth of the once through steam generator by trepanning on annular partition 11 with
The circular fall-off channel 4 is directly connected to.
The once through steam generator 3 can be bushing type once through steam generator, and helix tube type direct-flow steam occurs
Any one of device or straight pipe type once through steam generator, heat-transfer pipe arrangement can be according to ring in the once through steam generator 3
The inside and outside diameter in shape space is adjusted.
The full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of the flash distillation driving further includes voltage stabilizing space 1, the voltage stabilizing space 1
It is made of the space between the annular partition 2 and upper cover, the voltage stabilizing space 1 and 10 direct phase of the rising passway
Even.
1 top of voltage stabilizing space provides lasting cold water and is used for cooling down in the ascent stage 10 there are one take over 15 is sprayed
The steam that coolant flash distillation generates.
The position of the once through steam generator 3 is higher than the position of the reactor core 9, and coolant fully relies on rising
The driving force that density contrast in section 10 in hot fluid and descending branch 4 between cold fluid generates is run with natural circulation mode.
The Natural Circulation is the two phase natural circulation of flash distillation driving, and when reactor operation, the reactor core 9 goes out
The temperature of mouth coolant flashes generation within the ascent stage 10 close to the saturation temperature under relevant pressure, coolant because pressure reduces
Bubble promotes reactor natural-circulation capacity using bubble to the drag force effect of coolant mainstream.
As shown in figure 3, the outside of annular partition 2 is fixed on 12 cylinder inboard wall of pressure vessel, intensity supports in heap enough
The weight of component, core barrel cylinder 5 are hung on the flange of annular partition 2, and the outside of annular partition 11 is equally fixed on pressure
On 12 cylinder inboard wall of force container, two annular partitions play the role of supporting and fixing to core barrel cylinder 5, prevent floating nuclear power
It stands due to being influenced by ocean condition additional force and causes the rocking inside pressure vessel 12 of core barrel cylinder 5 and cause heap
The damage of inner member.The circular hole number symmetrically arranged on the annular partition 2 and annular partition 11 is sent out with direct-flow steam
Raw 3 numbers of device correspond to, and once through steam generator 3 is arranged symmetrically between 12 cylinder of reactor pressure vessel and core barrel 5
In ring seal space.3 side entrance sleeve mouth of once through steam generator is fixed on ring by being arranged in the flange of circular
Shape partition board 2,3 side discharge connection mouth of once through steam generator are fixed on annular partition by being arranged in the flange of circular
11.3 one side-entrance of once through steam generator is directly connected to voltage stabilizing space 1, under 3 one side outlet of once through steam generator and annular
Drop channel 4 is directly connected to.The high temperature primary Ioops coolant of 1 bottom of voltage stabilizing space is by the heat exchange in once through steam generator 3
It flows into circular fall-off channel 4 straight down afterwards.
Different form may be used in the once through steam generator 3, can be bushing type once through steam generator, spiral
Any one of tubular type once through steam generator or straight pipe type once through steam generator, the interior heat transfer of the once through steam generator 3
Pipe is arranged as circle, and the different pattern such as sector can also be according to the ring between 12 cylinder of pressure vessel and core barrel cylinder 5
The inside and outside diameter in shape space is adjusted.But 3 side of once through steam generator inlet and outlet pattern must with annular partition 2 with
And the hole shape on annular partition 11 corresponds to, it is also necessary to meet the fixed requirement on annular partition 2 and annular partition 11.
The full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving further includes a voltage stabilizing space 1, for adjusting reactor master
The pressure of cooling system.
The voltage stabilizing space 1 is by the sky between 12 inner barrel annular partition 2 of pressure vessel and 12 head cover of pressure vessel
Between form, and voltage stabilizing space 1 is connected directly with rising passway 10.Voltage stabilizing space bottom is high temperature and pressure coolant, top product
Gather a large amount of steam, operation principle of the operation principle similar to electrical heating type voltage-stablizer.Since coolant constantly dodges in the ascent stage 10
It steaming and generates steam, a large amount of steam enter the continuous raising that the top in voltage stabilizing space can cause stress, therefore, 1 top of voltage stabilizing space
There are one take over 15 is sprayed, spray is taken over and can provide enough cold water and cooled down to the steam in voltage stabilizing space 1, and realizes
The automatic regulation function of system pressure.
Main pump is not provided in the reactor pressure vessel 12, the position of once through steam generator 3 is higher than reactor
The position of core 9, coolant fully rely on the drive that the density contrast in the ascent stage 10 in hot fluid and descending branch 4 between cold fluid generates
Power is run with natural circulation mode.The natural circulation and heat exchange mode of coolant are generally：Coolant is in reactor
It is heated to saturation in core 9 or close to saturation state, the ascent stage 10 is entered under Natural Circulation driving force effect, as height increases
Add, flashes generation steam because coolant static pressure declines, bubble flows along the ascent stage 10 and enter top voltage stabilizing space 1, cooling
Agent then enters steam generator 3, enters lower chambers 7 by the ring cavity 4 of descending branch to after water cooling by secondary circuit, finally flows back
Carry out next cycle to reactor core 9, coolant realized during repeating above-mentioned natural circulation reactor core heat by
Transfer of the reactor core 9 to once through steam generator 3.
Variation in integral reactor along the density of coolant flow passages, temperature and void fraction is as shown in Figure 4.It is reacting
In heap reactor core 9, with the continuous heat absorption of coolant, coolant temperature gradually rises, and coolant density accordingly reduces, and reactor core 9 goes out
The temperature of coolant is close to saturation temperature 615K at mouthful.As coolant is adiabatically flowed up along the ascent stage 10, local pressure
Decline, saturation temperature reduces therewith, and when saturation temperature under coolant reaches corresponding pressure persistently flashes, rising passway
Coolant void fraction in 10 increases, and coolant density reduces, and is promoted to the drag force effect of coolant mainstream by bubble anti-
Answer heap natural-circulation capacity.Flash distillation is lasting to occur that void fraction is constantly increased, and reaches 0.056 in 10 exit of ascent stage,
Bubble continues into the voltage stabilizing space 1 at top, while spray tube 15 continues to spray cold water into the air space in voltage stabilizing space 1, right
The steam that flash distillation generates is condensed.The pressure of reactor remains constant by the vehicle repair major dynamic equilibrium in voltage stabilizing space 1,
Human intervention need not be carried out when normal operation.Since bubble enters the steam dome in voltage stabilizing space 1, arrived almost without entrainment with steam
The primary side of steam generator 3, so primary side of steam generator coolant void fraction is 0, and also it is continuous with heat
Export, the density of coolant constantly reduce, and coolant density reaches minimum when reaching descending branch 4.
To sum up, the present invention provides a kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving, including reactor pressure holds
The device 12 and once through steam generator 3 being placed in inside pressure vessel 12, control rod drive mechanism 13 and reactor core 9, institute
It is cylindrical tube to state pressure vessel 12, and inside is divided into cylindrical rising passway 10 and circular fall-off by reactor core cradle cylinder body 5
Channel 4 is not provided with main pump in the reactor pressure vessel 12, and coolant is by the two phase natural circulation of flash distillation driving upper
It rises in channel 10 and decline passway 4 and flows, and by the heat transfer of reactor core 9 to once through steam generator 3.The present invention
Flash distillation driving integrated reacting stack operation when, the temperature of 9 outlet coolant of reactor core is close to full under relevant pressure
And temperature, coolant flashes generation bubble within the ascent stage 10 because pressure reduces, using bubble to the drag force of coolant mainstream
Effect promotes reactor natural-circulation capacity.Flash distillation driving integral reactor have it is good from steady self-regulating characteristics, can have
Effect adapts to unattended and remote control demand.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving, it is characterised in that：Including reactor pressure vessel, setting
Steam generator in reactor pressure vessel and reactor core are provided with cloth up and down in reactor pressure vessel inner surface
The steam generator import annular partition and steam generator outlet annular partition set, and steam generator import annular partition and
Circular hole corresponding with steam generator number is evenly arranged on steam generator outlet annular partition respectively, in steam generation
The end set of device import annular partition and steam generator outlet annular partition has core barrel cylinder, core barrel cylinder will
Reactor pressure vessel inside division is positioned at intermediate cylindrical rising passway and circular fall-off channel, the reactor core
In cylindrical rising passway, the steam generator is located at the steam generator import annular partition in circular fall-off channel
Between steam generator outlet annular partition, control rod and control rod drive mechanism, institute are provided on the reactor core
It states core barrel cylinder lower end and is provided with core flow distributing pore plate, the pressure heap reaction vessel top is provided with spray tube.
2. a kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Pressure heap reaction vessel includes intermediate cylindrical tube, be arranged cylindrical tube upper end half elliptic end cover, set
The semiellipse type sealing structure in cylindrical tube lower end is set, and pressure heap reaction vessel upper end constitutes voltage stabilizing space, lower end structure
At reactor core lower chambers.
3. a kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Anti-
Answer the fan-shaped core support component being used to support there are four being symmetrical arranged on bottom in core pressure vessel.
4. a kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
The position of the steam generator is higher than the position of reactor core.
5. a kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described
The position of steam generator is higher than the position of reactor core.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2018104255205 | 2018-05-07 | ||
| CN201810425520 | 2018-05-07 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108766592A true CN108766592A (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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| CN201810522750.3A Pending CN108766592A (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2018-05-28 | A kind of full Natural Circulation Integrated PWR of flash distillation driving |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN111508625A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-07 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Voltage stabilizer structure with system connecting pipe and electric heating element centrally arranged on upper portion and application thereof |
| CN111540488A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-14 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Flow mixing device arranged at descending section of integrated reactor pressure vessel |
| CN111599495A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-28 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Two-phase natural circulation integrated reactor |
| CN111916231A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-10 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Pressurized water reactor capable of uniformly distributing reactor core flow |
| CN114017765A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-08 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Flow distribution structure of steam generator |
| WO2023077672A1 (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-05-11 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Nuclear reaction device and purification system |
| CN116110623A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-05-12 | 国科中子能(青岛)研究院有限公司 | Ultra-compact reactor system |
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Application publication date: 20181106 |