CN108766449A - A kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal - Google Patents
A kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal Download PDFInfo
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- CN108766449A CN108766449A CN201810542591.3A CN201810542591A CN108766449A CN 108766449 A CN108766449 A CN 108766449A CN 201810542591 A CN201810542591 A CN 201810542591A CN 108766449 A CN108766449 A CN 108766449A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/018—Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of reversible water mark implementation methods of audio signal, including：The value of left channel signals point is predicted using the first prediction model, to obtain residual error；The different smooth regions of right-channel signals are distinguished using residual error, and optimal right-channel signals slippery region is selected using optimization algorithm；The value of each point in best right-channel signals slippery region is predicted using the second prediction module, and obtains residual error, the insertion for expanding poor method progress watermark information is recycled to restore with extraction.The above method significantly reduces the embedded distortion of audio while improving audio embedding capacity, and can nondestructively restore original audio after extracting watermark, can be used for authenticity and the non-destructive certification of audio signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Information Hiding Techniques more particularly to a kind of reversible water mark implementation methods of audio signal.
Background technology
Since conventional encryption methods can not prevent from propagating and stealing again to the protection of multimedia content and Integrality authentication schema
With.Supplement and extension of the digital watermark technology as encryption technology have obtained swift and violent in terms of copyright protection and integrated authentication
Development.Digital watermark technology is that embedded in Digital Media works as the signal marked, (image, signature, special contains word
The symbol etc. of justice), the purpose is to carry out copyright protection, ownership certification and integrity protection etc., it is Information Hiding Techniques one
A important research direction.
Audio Digital Watermarking Technology refer to digital audio workstation watermark information, relative to traditional audio guard method,
Audio Digital Watermarking Technology can not remove, and random change stripping can influence use and the quality of audio；Secondly, digital audio water
The correlation of audio itself is utilized in print, reduces computational complexity；More importantly audio frequency watermark has not sentience, sound
The superposition of frequency and watermark does not interfere with the auditory perception of human ear.
Audio frequency watermark can be divided into two kinds of multipurpose watermarking and fragile watermark according to its characteristic, and multipurpose watermarking can be resisted
A degree of malicious attack (compression, digital-to-analogue conversion, delay etc.) improves can not perceiving for watermark while ensureing robustness
Property, reach robustness and the not optimum balance of sentience, this watermark can reach protection audio version under rugged environment
The purpose of power；Fragile watermark does not have robustness, if variation has occurred in audio content, watermark can be also modified therewith, this water
Print is convenient for the positioning for detecting whether to be tampered and distort, purpose to be partial to protect the integrality of audio content.
However, audio watermarking technique can cause carrier information certain damage, recipient can only extract embedded water
Official seal ceases and can not fully recover carrier signal, this has limitation in certain practical applications.To sound quality require compared with
In high business scenario, the modification subtle on carrier audio can also influence sound quality, so the Distortionless of original vector is at certain
Also the urgency of demand has been embodied in a little fields.
Reversible water mark solves the problems, such as this, it allows original digital audio to be always completely recovered, reversible information concealing technology
Can realize it is lossless while extraction watermark information completely recover original voice bearer signal, carrying out in voice can
Inverse Information hiding processing is suitable for many application scenarios, such as law evidence obtaining, criminal investigation, military information, high-quality music
Demand side, in such applications the missing of the reduction of voice quality, crucial point fuzziness or segment section can all bring serious
Consequence.In addition, reversible information concealing technology can also authenticate the authenticity and non-destructive of voice.But current audio can be against the current
It is imprinted on that audio distortion caused by under identical embedded rate is relatively large, how to decline the distortion of bass in identical embedded rate becomes and need
Technical problems to be solved.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of reversible water mark implementation methods of audio signal, can be used for the true of audio signal
Property and non-destructive certification.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal, including：
The value of left channel signals point is predicted using the first prediction model, to obtain residual error；
The different smooth regions of right-channel signals are distinguished using residual error, and optimal right channel is selected using optimization algorithm
It combines in signal slippery region；
The value of each point in best right-channel signals slippery region combination is predicted using the second prediction module, and
Residual error is obtained, the insertion for expanding poor method progress watermark information is recycled to restore with extraction.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, it is greatly reduced while improving audio embedding capacity
The embedded distortion of audio, and can nondestructively restore original audio after extracting watermark.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, without creative efforts, other are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of audio left channel signals provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of audio right-channel signals provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is audio repository average distortion comparison diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal, as shown in Figure 1, it includes mainly such as
Lower step：
1, the value of left channel signals point is predicted using the first prediction model, to obtain residual error.
As shown in Fig. 2, for the schematic diagram of audio left channel signals.The value of i-th of signaling point of L channelWith above and below it
There are local correlations for text, can utilize the value of local adjacent signaling pointk
< i < L'-k+1 are predicted that formula is as follows：
In above formula,ForPredicted value；X is the value of signaling point, under be designated as the serial number of signaling point, subscript L indicates letter
Number point belongs to L channel, and L' is the quantity of left channel signals point；vpIndicate predictive coefficient；
By predicted valueWithSubtract each other acquisition residual error：
Particularly, the optimal prediction of vector form is obtained in the embodiment of the present invention using the method for least square regression
Coefficient vp：
Xp*vp=yp；
Wherein, work as p=-3, when -2, -1,1,2,3, XpIt is 3 × 6 matrixes, is expressed as：
In above formula, the x with wave symbol indicates predicted value；
vp=[v-1 v-2 v-3v1 v2 v3]T；
Then optimum prediction coefficient is：
Wherein, the transposition of subscript T representing matrixes, ypIndicate a vector；W is in order to avoid NAN (not a number)
The problem of introduced regular terms, found a following empirical value for it：
In above formula, e is a kind of expression way of scientific notation, means 1 × 10-5。
2, the different smooth regions of right-channel signals are distinguished using residual error, and optimal right sound is selected using optimization algorithm
It combines in road signal slippery region.
According to residual errorSize right-channel signals are divided into different smooth regions：
In above formula, l indicates that smooth region, subscript j are the serial number of smooth region；X be signaling point value, under be designated as letter
The serial number of number point；Subscript R indicates that signaling point or smooth region belong to right channel；Tr indicates the smooth region sum of setting；
We carry out examination insertion to it in different smoothness regions, obtain the embedding capacity in each smoothness region with
And corresponding embedded distortion is calculate by the following formula optimal smooth region combination so that meet according to specified embedding capacity C
Embedded distortion is minimized under the premise of embedding capacity C：
In above formula, cj、djThe corresponding embedding capacity, embedded distortion for indicating that jth is smooth region；
Optimal solution is：
3, the value for being combined interior each point to best right-channel signals slippery region using the second prediction module is predicted,
And residual error is obtained, recycle the insertion for expanding poor method progress watermark information to restore with extraction.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the optimal right-channel signals slippery region chosen in step 2 is combinedCarry out water
Print insertion.
As shown in figure 3, be audio right-channel signals schematic diagram, hereinafter primarily directed to each signaling point therein at
Reason.The modification of front signaling point has an impact the prediction of rear signal point in order to prevent, it is assumed that the right channel predicted is needed to believe
Number point be it is N number of, according to the position of signaling point be divided into odd number collection and with even number set, to the right-channel signals point in the two set
It is predicted respectively；
1) first round dual numbers set is predicted that formula is as follows：
In above formula, x is the value of signaling point, under be designated as the serial number of signaling point, subscript R indicates that signaling point belongs to right channel；Indicate the even number ensemble prediction coefficient of vector form.
Optimal even number ensemble prediction coefficient is obtained by solving following formula：
If N is even number, matrixVectorIt is expressed as：
If N is odd number, matrixVectorIt is expressed as：
So as to calculate optimal even number ensemble prediction coefficient：
In above formula, d≤4；
2) the second wheel predicts that formula is as follows to odd number set：
In above formula, AndIt indicates to be embedded into the signaling point after watermark
Value, that is, the predicted value of a signaling point then calculates corresponding residual error and embedded watermark after being computed；Indicate the odd number collection and predictive coefficient of vector form.
Optimal odd number ensemble prediction coefficient is obtained by solving following formula：
If N is even number, matrixVectorIt is expressed as：
If N is odd number, matrixVectorIt is expressed as：
So as to calculate optimal odd number ensemble prediction coefficient：
After the predicted value for obtaining each signaling point, corresponding residual error can be calculated, to carry out water using the poor method of expansion
The insertion of official seal breath restores with extraction；It is specific as follows：
1) when the insertion of watermark information, residual error is calculated first：
Then, the insertion of watermark information is carried out according to the following formula：
In above formula, b indicates that watermark information, t are the threshold values for determining embedding capacity；
It obtains carrying secret letter number, be expressed as：Left channel signals then make no modifications and are embedded in accordingly
The right-channel signals of watermark synthesize binaural signal as final load secret letter number together.
2) when extracting recovery, watermark information is obtained by following formula first：
Then, original residual error is restored by following formula：
Restore original carrier signal eventually by following formula：
Said program of the embodiment of the present invention significantly reduces the embedded of audio while improving audio embedding capacity and loses
Very, and original audio can nondestructively be restored after extracting watermark.The technology can be used for the authenticity of audio signal and lossless
Property certification.
Contrast experiment has also been carried out in order to illustrate the effect of said program of the embodiment of the present invention.
In this contrast experiment, 70 segment standard dual-channel audios, sample frequency 44.1KHZ are chosen, audio length is 200
Ten thousand sample points.Embedding capacity and audio distortion are two important evaluation indexes, and embedding capacity is by being embedded in the watermark bit of audio
It counts to weigh, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used for the distortion level of audio gauge：
S in above formula is sample point quantity；
The results are shown in Figure 4 by contrast experiment, and specific experiment effect value is as shown in table 1.
| Embedded bit number | 10000 | 20000 | 30000 | 40000 | 50000 | 60000 | 70000 | 80000 | 90000 | 100000 |
| The present invention | 72.45 | 68.35 | 65.72 | 63.98 | 62.20 | 60.71 | 59.01 | 57.73 | 56.55 | 55.68 |
| Li et al. | 69.35 | 65.69 | 63.34 | 61.52 | 60.04 | 58.77 | 57.79 | 56.78 | 55.50 | 54.58 |
| Akira et al. | 63.69 | 59.60 | 57.24 | 54.14 | 51.25 | 49.37 | 47.67 | 45.90 | 44.31 | 42.88 |
| Xiang et al. | 63.55 | 60.55 | 57.65 | 55.36 | 53.14 | 51.25 | 49.50 | 47.44 | 45.90 | 44.21 |
The average signal-to-noise ratio in 1 different capabilities subaudio frequency library of table
Wherein, the scheme " Li et al. " in Fig. 4 and table 1, " Akira et al. ", " Xiang et al. " with ginseng
With the existing scheme of contrast experiment.
The with obvious effects better than existing of said program of the embodiment of the present invention is can be seen that by above-mentioned contrast and experiment
Every scheme.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that above-described embodiment can
By software realization, the mode of necessary general hardware platform can also be added to realize by software.Based on this understanding,
The technical solution of above-described embodiment can be expressed in the form of software products, the software product can be stored in one it is non-easily
In the property lost storage medium (can be CD-ROM, USB flash disk, mobile hard disk etc.), including some instructions are with so that a computer is set
Standby (can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) executes the method described in each embodiment of the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal, which is characterized in that including：
The value of left channel signals point is predicted using the first prediction model, to obtain residual error；
The different smooth regions of right-channel signals are distinguished using residual error, and optimal right-channel signals are selected using optimization algorithm
It combines in slippery region；
The value that interior each point is combined to best right-channel signals slippery region using the second prediction module is predicted, and is obtained
Residual error recycles the insertion for expanding poor method progress watermark information to restore with extraction.
2. a kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to utilize
One prediction model predicts the value of left channel signals point, and to obtain prediction residual the step of includes：
The value of i-th of signaling point of L channelThere are local correlations with its context, utilize the value of local adjacent signaling pointIt is predicted, formula is as follows：
In above formula,ForPredicted value；X is the value of signaling point, under be designated as the serial number of signaling point, subscript L indicates signaling point
Belong to L channel, L' is the quantity of left channel signals point；vpIndicate predictive coefficient；
By predicted valueWithSubtract each other acquisition residual error：
3. a kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal according to claim 2, which is characterized in that use minimum two
Multiply the method for recurrence to obtain the optimal predictive coefficient v of vector formp：
Xp*vp=yp；
Wherein, work as p=-3, when -2, -1,1,2,3, XpIt is 3 × 6 matrixes, is expressed as：
In above formula, the x with wave symbol indicates predicted value；
vp=[v-1 v-2 v-3 v1 v2 v3]T；
Then optimum prediction coefficient is：
Wherein, the transposition of subscript T representing matrixes, ypIndicate a vector；W indicates regular terms, and an empirical value has been found for it：
4. a kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that using residual error come
The different smooth regions of right-channel signals are distinguished, and select best right-channel signals slippery region combination using optimization algorithm
Step includes：
According to residual errorSize right-channel signals are divided into different smooth regions：
In above formula, l indicates that smooth region, subscript j are the serial number of smooth region；X be signaling point value, under be designated as signaling point
Serial number；Subscript R indicates that signaling point or smooth region belong to right channel；Tr indicates the smooth region sum of setting；
We carry out examination insertion to it in different smoothness regions, obtain the embedding capacity in each smoothness region and right
The embedded distortion answered is calculate by the following formula optimal smooth region combination so that meet insertion according to specified embedding capacity C
Embedded distortion is minimized under the premise of capacity C：
In above formula, cj、djThe corresponding embedding capacity, embedded distortion for indicating that jth is smooth region；
Optimal solution is：
5. a kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that utilize the
The step of two prediction modules predict the value of each point in best right-channel signals slippery region combination include：
Assuming that need the right-channel signals point predicted be it is N number of, according to the position of signaling point be divided into odd number collection and with even number set, it is right
Right-channel signals point in the two set is predicted respectively；
First round dual numbers set is predicted that formula is as follows：
In above formula, x is the value of signaling point, under be designated as the serial number of signaling point, subscript R indicates that signaling point belongs to right channel；Indicate the even number ensemble prediction coefficient of vector form；
Second wheel predicts that formula is as follows to odd number set：
In above formula, AndIndicate the value of the signaling point after embedded watermark；Indicate the odd number collection and predictive coefficient of vector form.
6. a kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that by under solution
Formula obtains optimal even number ensemble prediction coefficient：
If N is even number, matrixVectorIt is expressed as：：
If N is odd number, matrixVectorIt is expressed as：
So as to calculate optimal even number ensemble prediction coefficient：
7. a kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that by under solution
Formula obtains optimal odd number ensemble prediction coefficient：
If N is even number, matrixVectorIt is expressed as：
If N is odd number, matrixVectorIt is expressed as：
So as to calculate optimal odd number ensemble prediction coefficient：
8. a kind of reversible water mark implementation method of audio signal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that utilize the poor method of expansion
It carries out the insertion of watermark information and includes the step of extracting recovery：
When the insertion of watermark information, residual error is calculated first：
Then, the insertion of watermark information is carried out according to the following formula：
In above formula, b indicates that watermark information, t are the threshold values for determining embedding capacity；
It obtains carrying secret letter number, be expressed as：
When extracting recovery, watermark information is obtained by following formula first：
Then, original residual error is restored by following formula：
Restore original carrier signal eventually by following formula：
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