CN108759781A - The vertical displacement monitoring device and method of initial big height difference structure - Google Patents
The vertical displacement monitoring device and method of initial big height difference structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108759781A CN108759781A CN201810595480.9A CN201810595480A CN108759781A CN 108759781 A CN108759781 A CN 108759781A CN 201810595480 A CN201810595480 A CN 201810595480A CN 108759781 A CN108759781 A CN 108759781A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
- G01C5/04—Hydrostatic levelling, i.e. by flexibly interconnected liquid containers at separated points
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses the vertical displacement monitoring devices of initial big height difference structure and method, device to include：Measuring point fluid reservoir, is inside filled with liquid；A pair of of test lead fluid reservoir, the through-hole being correspondingly arranged on respectively at the identical height of upper part outside perforation, a pair of of test lead liquid storage pot bottom passes through the formula structure that was communicated as one the first communicating pipe, it is provided with the first valve on first communicating pipe, wherein a test lead liquid storage pot bottom is also connected to the measuring point fluid reservoir by the second communicating pipe, and a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir upper surface all has identical opening；Differential pressure pick-up, negative pole end and positive terminal are connected to the opening of a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir by seal for pipe joints respectively.The device of the invention and influence of the initial height difference to submillimeter level vertical displacement automatic monitoring is successfully eliminated using the method that device measures, also effectively prevents the influence of temperature and atmospheric pressure to monitoring result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of civil engineering.It is more particularly related to which initial big height difference structure is vertical
Displacement monitor and method.
Background technology
Since the range of pressure sensor is limited, it generally can still meet the survey of the opposite variation of structure vertical displacement
Amount.But during engineering practice, there are some structures, and the initial height difference for respectively constructing part reaches several meters, tens of rice even hundred
Meter or more, but vertical displacement relative changing value's very little, some be only grade even submillimeter level the case where, i.e., initial big height difference
The small deformation monitoring problem of structure, problems include that construction roof is built in the vertical deformation problem of such as arch bridge main arch structure, room
Girder vertical deformation problem and bridge pier settlement monitoring problem etc..Measurement in such cases had both required measuring instrument range sufficiently large
With the initial larger difference in height at each position of commensurate structure, and require accuracy of instrument sufficiently high to realize to its vertical micro-strain value
High-acruracy survey, also require to realize online, long-range and automatic monitoring in most cases.
Current existing technology and relevant device, such as precision level, total powerstation, photoelectricity flexometer and GPS are difficult to
Reach this requirement：(1) hundred (thousand) divide the displacement meters method such as table, the optical instruments mensuration such as spirit level, total powerstation, belong to it is short-term,
Manual measurement exists and expends the shortcomings of time and manpower, real-time be not strong, measuring point nearby needs fixed point.(2) inclinator method,
Laser image method, GPS, inertia measurement method, photoelectric level connection tube method, pressure transmitter method, tension collimation method etc. can be achieved certainly
It is dynamic to measure, but equal Shortcomings, the axis installation parallel with bridge axle line as inclinator method requires are not easy to realize；Image method is by air
Visibility influence is more serious, is difficult to work normally in the weather of the poor visibilities such as rain, mist, haze；GPS is in vertical displacement directional precision
It is relatively low, and easily blocked by component, it is only applicable to the vertical displacement monitoring of long span structure at present；Inertia measurement method is to low frequency displacement
There are distortion phenomenon and vertical static displacement cannot be measured；Photoelectric level communicating pipe is owned by France in open communicating pipe, liquid level concussion,
Liquid evaporation, pipe friction power, the atmospheric field etc. with time-varying characteristics reduce its measuring accuracy and long-time stability, and are difficult
Consider that influence, the equipment cost of temperature change are higher, is difficult to meet the small deformation test with initial big height difference feature structure
Required super large range and high-precision, and require very high i.e. environmental suitability weaker construction and installation verticality；Tension collimation method
Precision is relatively low, and test process need to carry out complicated operation, while constructing that complicated, cost is higher, and be difficult to lay with meet it is effective
Monitor the class formation vertical displacement.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide the vertical displacement monitoring devices and method of initial big height difference structure, successfully eliminate
Influence of the initial height difference to submillimeter level vertical displacement automatic monitoring also effectively prevents temperature and atmospheric pressure and is tied to monitoring
The influence of fruit.
In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a kind of the vertical of initial big height difference structure is provided
Displacement monitor, including：Measuring point fluid reservoir, is inside filled with liquid；A pair of of test lead fluid reservoir, at the identical height of upper part
The through-hole being correspondingly arranged on respectively outside perforation, a pair of of test lead liquid storage pot bottom pass through the formula knot that was communicated as one the first communicating pipe
Structure is provided with the first valve on first communicating pipe, wherein a test lead liquid storage pot bottom is also logical with the measuring point fluid reservoir
It is connected to after the second communicating pipe, a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir upper surface all has identical opening；Differential pressure pick-up, negative pole end and
Positive terminal seals the opening of a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir of connection by connecting pipe respectively.
Preferably, it is also equipped with the second valve on second communicating pipe.
Preferably, the through hole is both provided with the control bolt of sealing through-hole.
Preferably, the differential pressure pick-up is liquid differential pressure pick-up or air differential pressure sensor.
Preferably, the differential pressure pick-up is electrically connected digital display.
Preferably, the differential pressure pick-up is electrically connected data transmission module, the data transmission module wired connection or
Person's wireless connection data receives and storage processing equipment.
Preferably, the through-hole is gradually to extend to the outside the arc of extension from the outside wall of test lead liquid storage top tank structure to open
Mouthful, the test lead liquid storage tank wall is additionally provided with closing means comprising：Sealing element comprising connecting plate and sealing block, institute
It states on the test lead liquid storage tank wall that connecting plate upper end is articulated with right over through-hole, the sealing block is fixed on the connecting plate one
On side and lower end is concordant with the lower end of connecting plate, and the sealing is block-shaped and through-hole shape matches and the sealing
The top surface of block extends outward to form extension block；U-tube, one side be it is low opening and be fixed on the outer wall of test lead fluid reservoir and
Low open upper end is concordant with through-hole lower face, and the U-tube other side is high opening and is leaned below through-hole top, the high opening
It is fixed with axis pin in the hole and hole on the wall of nearly through-hole side with perforation；Yoke frame comprising rotating bar and hinge bar,
The rotating bar, which is sheathed on axis pin, makes one end be located in high opening, the other end is outer positioned at high opening, described hinge bar one end
It is articulated with that rotating bar is located on the other end in outside, the other end is articulated on connecting plate；Buoyancy bar, be located in high opening and on
End is articulated in rotating bar, and lower end is fixed with buoyant spheres and straight down close to U-tube bottom.
The present invention also provides a kind of vertical displacement monitoring methods of initial big height difference structure, include the following steps：
Step 1：First valve and the second valve are opened, while through-hole is also opened, and are promoted the height of measuring point fluid reservoir and are made
The liquid obtained in measuring point fluid reservoir flows into a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir, until liquid is out of, a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir through-hole
Measuring point fluid reservoir and a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir are placed in identical height, then close through-hole by outflow；
Step 2：Measuring point fluid reservoir or a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir are fixed on measuring point, corresponding a pair of test lead storage
Flow container or measuring point fluid reservoir are located on the constant datum mark of vertical displacement, and close the first valve；
Step 3：It monitors and carries out data acquisition.
Preferably, step 3 first carries out system calibrating before carrying out data acquisition, specially：Fluid reservoir on measuring point is erected
It is set to certain value to change in displacement, then observes the corresponding pressure difference changing value of differential pressure pick-up at this time, acquires the ratio of the two, is made
For standard proportional；Then the acquisition of step 3 data is carried out, collected actual pressure differential changing value, which is multiplied by standard proportional, is
Measuring point vertical displacement changing value.
The present invention includes at least following advantageous effect：
1, apparatus and method of the present invention is not only suitable for short-term class formation vertical displacement measurement, and suitable for such knot
The long-term automatic monitoring of vertical displacement of structure, being suitable for bridge, tunnel and the isostructural vertical displacement of skyscraper, (amount of deflection is sunk
Drop and flatness etc.) automatic monitoring.
2, the symmetrical confined pressure that uses of the present invention measure not confining gas air pressure change caused by by temperature change and
The influence of liquid density variation, it is equal to the orographic conditions such as the weather conditions such as the strong wind of test site, rain, mist, haze and river surface, mountain valley
With good applicability.
3, the differential pressure sensing measuring method that the present invention uses, the initial big height difference characteristic for eliminating structure are perpendicular to submillimeter level
To the accurate of displacement (such as amount of deflection, sedimentation and flatness), automation, remote real time monitoring.
4, the limitation of the use of this method and device not climate condition, landform and structure type etc., no matter test site
Whether strong wind, rain, mist, haze etc. are had；No matter whether structure lower section is river surface or mountain valley, and the method and device can monitor, and solve
It can not be the fixation measuring instrument on river the problem of；Either deck type, half-through or base-supporting arch structure or Gao Dun, Fang Jian
Structure, the method and device can realize the vertical displacement monitoring of any sectional position of structure, solve with initial big high
The vertical displacement automatic monitoring problem of poor feature structure.
5, this test method and device can be applied to all vertical displacements with initial height difference feature structure, smooth
In the monitorings such as degree.
Part is illustrated to embody by further advantage, target and the feature of the present invention by following, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of differential pressure of the present invention-displacement transfer principle；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the present invention eliminates ambient temperature effect；
Fig. 4 is inventive closure mechanism original state structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is inventive closure mechanism closed state structural schematic diagram.
Reference sign：
1, measuring point fluid reservoir, 2, test lead fluid reservoir, the 3, first communicating pipe, the 4, first valve, the 5, second communicating pipe, 6,
Two valves, 7, control bolt, 8, differential pressure pick-up, 9, digital display, 10, data transmission module, 11, data receiver and storage
Processing equipment, 21, through-hole, 22, connecting plate, 23, sealing block, 24, U-tube, 25, rotating bar, 26, hinge bar, 27, buoyancy bar,
28, buoyant spheres.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, to enable those skilled in the art with reference to specification text
Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be noted that experimental method described in following embodiments is unless otherwise specified conventional method, institute
Reagent and material are stated, unless otherwise specified, is commercially obtained；In the description of the present invention, term " transverse direction ", " vertical
To ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", the instructions such as "outside" side
Position or position relationship are to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description,
It is not instruction or implies that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, because
This is not considered as limiting the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of vertical displacement monitoring device of initial big height difference structure, including：Measuring point stores up
Flow container 1, is inside filled with liquid；It is external to be correspondingly arranged on perforation at the identical height of upper part respectively for a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2
Through-hole, a pair of of 2 bottom of test lead fluid reservoir is by the formula structure that was communicated as one the first communicating pipe 3, on first communicating pipe 3
It is provided with the first valve 4, wherein 2 bottom of a test lead fluid reservoir is also connected with the measuring point fluid reservoir 1 by the second communicating pipe 5
Logical, a pair of of 2 upper surface of test lead fluid reservoir all has identical opening；Differential pressure pick-up 8, negative pole end and positive terminal lead to respectively
The opening of piping sealing connection a pair of test lead fluid reservoir 2.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, positive (+) of differential pressure pick-up 8 and negative (-) pole unrestricted can connect one to one
A pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2, measuring point fluid reservoir 1 is also not limited is tightly connected any test lead by the second communicating pipe 5
Fluid reservoir 2.2 geometric dimension parameter of a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir is identical, the through-hole of 2 water level of control test lead fluid reservoir distance respectively
The height of its corresponding 2 inner top surface of test lead fluid reservoir is identical, and enclosure space when ensureing to test has same volume, you can effectively
The influence for avoiding environment temperature from changing the "+" of differential pressure pick-up 8, "-" both ends draught head.
In one embodiment, differential pressure pick-up 8 corresponds to air-pressure type differential pressure sensing chip, and the measuring accuracy to air pressure is
0.01mbar can meet engineering actual demand, and corresponding vertical displacement measurement accuracy is 0.1mm, a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir
2 be symmetrical closed double fluid reservoirs, and bottom is connected to by the first communicating pipe 3 that the first valve 4 controls.With orientation shown in FIG. 1
For, the test lead fluid reservoir 2 on the right is connected to measuring point fluid reservoir 1, and connection differential pressure pick-up 8 in the upper end is positive, and the survey on the left side
It trying end fluid reservoir 2 and connects 8 cathode of differential pressure pick-up, the liquid level in a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2 is the position of arrival through-hole, and
Through-hole seals, and a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2 is completely cut off by the first valve 4, while being sealing state with differential pressure pick-up 8, and
Measuring point fluid reservoir 1 is fixed at the measuring point of initial big height difference structure, when test, when 1 vertical displacement of measuring point fluid reservoir changes
When, measuring point fluid reservoir 1 and the liquid level difference of a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2 change, to the test lead fluid reservoir 2 on the right
Hydraulic pressure and air pressure all change, and then reaction is the variation of pressure difference data in differential pressure pick-up 8.
The principle of the present invention is：After the device of the invention is mounted on measuring point, when vertical displacement occurs for point position,
Being fixed on the measuring point fluid reservoir 1 at the measuring point will change as corresponding elevation occurs for the structure, at this time 1 liquid level of measuring point fluid reservoir
The liquid level elevation of "+" test lead fluid reservoir 2 relative to pressure sensor changes, it will cause known to connecting pipe principle
Pressure change in test lead fluid reservoir 2, and pressure is constant in "-" test lead fluid reservoir 2 so that pressure difference changes into differential pressure sensing
Device 8 captures, and differential pressure pick-up 8 positive (+), negative (-) interpolar pressure difference will be made by Δ p1Variation is Δ p2, pass through differential pressure pick-up 8
The differential pressure variable quantity measured, according toIt can obtain vertical displacement variable quantity at measuring point.
In another technical solution, the second valve 6 is also equipped on second communicating pipe 5.
In another technical solution, the through hole is both provided with the control bolt 7 of sealing through-hole.
In another technical solution, the differential pressure pick-up 8 is liquid differential pressure pick-up or air differential pressure sensor.Difference
Pressure sensor 8 can be the differential pressure pick-up for measuring air pressure, can also be the differential pressure pick-up for measuring hydraulic pressure.
In another technical solution, the differential pressure pick-up 8 is electrically connected digital display 9.
In another technical solution, the differential pressure pick-up 8 is also electrically connected data transmission module 10, the data transmission
10 wired connection of module or wireless connection data receive and storage processing equipment 11.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the measurement or monitoring data that differential pressure pick-up 8 obtains both can be aobvious by liquid crystal digital
Show that device 9 directly reads simultaneously hand-kept, PC progress data can also be transmitted directly to through wireless or data/address bus mode and are deposited
Storage and analysis can also store data storage card, then read the processing operation for carrying out data through PC in advance.Pass through wire transmission
Mode (bussing techniques such as RS-485 or Can) or wireless transmission method (RF or GPRS etc.) are by monitoring and test data transmission to data
It is stored in analytical equipment (such as：Computer etc.), be no longer limited by when obtaining the deformation values weather, geographical environment and space away from
From, avoid due to observer observation procedure and experience different band come artificial observation error.
In another technical solution, as shown in figures 4 and 5, the through-hole 21 is from 2 inner wall of test lead fluid reservoir
The arc opening of extension is gradually extended to the outside to outer wall, 2 outer wall of test lead fluid reservoir is additionally provided with closing means, packet
It includes：Sealing element comprising connecting plate 22 and sealing block 23,22 upper end of the connecting plate are articulated with the test lead right over through-hole 21
On 2 outer wall of fluid reservoir, the sealing block 23 is fixed on 22 one side of the connecting plate and lower end is held level with both hands under connecting plate 22
Together, 23 shape of the sealing block and shape of the through-hole 21 matches and the top surface of the sealing block 23 extends outward to form and prolongs
Stretch block；U-tube 24, one side are low opening and are fixed on the outer wall of test lead fluid reservoir 2 and low open upper end and through-hole 21
Lower face is concordant, and 24 other side of U-tube is high opening and is located above through-hole 21, close 21 side of through-hole below the high opening
Wall on have perforation hole and hole in be fixed with axis pin；Yoke frame comprising rotating bar 25 and hinge bar 26, described turn
Lever 25, which is sheathed on axis pin, makes one end be located in high opening, the other end is outer positioned at high opening, 26 one end of hinge bar hinge
It is connected to that rotating bar 25 is located on the other end in outside, the other end is articulated on connecting plate 22；Buoyancy bar 27 is located in high opening
And upper end is articulated in rotating bar 25, lower end is fixed with buoyant spheres 28 and straight down close to 24 bottom of U-tube.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, in the test lead fluid reservoir 2 when perfusion liquid, pouring liquid completion is with liquid from logical
Outflow is foundation in hole 21, and the judgement of liquid outflow at this time needs special worker and monitors here, greatly reduces efficiency；
The outflow needs of liquid are specially collected by container simultaneously, very inconvenient, also improper if directly excessive；In addition lead to
Hole 21 is also required to exclusively carry out sealing when being sealed, and other than efficiency is low, can't realize automation mechanized operation, therefore this hair
It is bright that closing means have also been devised.
When carrying out pouring liquid, since under the mating reaction of the dead weight of buoyancy bar 27 and sealing element dead weight, sealing element is conceded
The space of through-hole 21, state as shown in Figure 4, at this time rotating bar 25 be exactly horizontality；After the completion of pouring liquid, liquid
Cognition is flowed out to from through-hole 21 in U-tube 24, and buoyant spheres 28 can be floated upwards due to the effect of buoyancy at this time, floating to drive
Power bar 27 upwards jacks up the right end of rotating bar 25 upwards, and rotating bar 25 is rotated around axis pin, to be driven by hinge bar 26
Connecting plate 22 turns left, and with the perfusion of liquid, connecting plate 22 persistently turns left until rotation is vertical state, and is sealed
Block 23 seals up through-hole 21, state as shown in Figure 5 just.Extension block on sealing block 23 is than on 2 inner wall of test lead fluid reservoir
Openings of sizes is bigger, and on the one hand bootable sealing block 23, which enters, realizes that sealing, another aspect sealing performance are more preferable in through-hole 21；It is logical
Hole 21 is set as inner small and outside big arcuate structure, facilitates the sealing of sealing block 23；And 23 lower end of sealing block and 22 lower end of connecting plate
Concordantly, do not interference with U-tube 24 when rotary seal；Setting up for 28 buoyancy size of buoyant spheres all can push into sealing block 23
Automatic-sealed is realized in through-hole 21.The setting of this sealing mechanism can be achieved to collect perfusion liquid and the characteristic by the way that liquid is perfused is real
To the automatic-sealed of through-hole 21, when monitoring, does not need special personnel and supervises existing sealing block 23.
The present invention also provides a kind of vertical displacement monitoring methods of initial big height difference structure, include the following steps：
Step 1：First valve 4 and the second valve 6 are opened, while through-hole is also opened, and liquid to be perfused fills survey first
Point fluid reservoir 1, then promote the height of liquid and measuring point fluid reservoir 1 to be perfused and liquid to be perfused is passed through in measuring point fluid reservoir 1
Liquid flow into a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2, until liquid flows out out of a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2 through-hole, by measuring point
Fluid reservoir 1 and a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2 are placed in identical height, then close through-hole by controlling bolt 7 or closing means,
The second valve is closed, prevents gas from entering for the second communicating pipe 5, completes pouring liquid；
Step 2：Measuring point fluid reservoir 1 or a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2 are fixed on measuring point, corresponding a pair of test lead
Fluid reservoir 2 or measuring point fluid reservoir 1 are located on the constant datum mark of vertical displacement, open the second valve 6, and close the first valve 4；
According to field condition and to the requirement of measurement, when measuring arrangement, position can be mutual with a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir 2 for measuring point fluid reservoir 1
It changes, does not influence measurement result；
Step 3：The power supply for connecting differential pressure pick-up 8, is at working condition, then monitors and carry out data acquisition,
The working method of selecting data transmission module 10 when data acquire can be wired (RS485 or Can buses), can also
For wireless type (RF or GPRS etc.).
In another technical solution, step 3 first carries out system calibrating before carrying out data acquisition, specially：It will be on measuring point
Fluid reservoir vertical displacement variation be set to certain value, then observe 8 corresponding pressure difference changing value of differential pressure pick-up at this time, acquire two
The ratio of person, as standard proportional；Then the acquisition for carrying out step 3 data, mark is multiplied by by collected actual pressure differential changing value
Quasi- ratio is measuring point vertical displacement changing value.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the parameters such as fluid density, gravity acceleration value are in different geographical environment and difference
Time conditions under have certain difference, therefore the parameters such as fluid density, gravity acceleration value both can be pre- defeated by software
The mode entered is included in automatically to eliminate its influence, also can be by the system calibrating mode before above-mentioned measurement to eliminate its shadow
It rings.Such as the fluid reservoir vertical displacement at measuring point is artificially first increased 5 millimeters, then record the pressure of differential pressure pick-up 8 at this time
The ratio of aberration measurements, change in displacement and pressure difference is standard proportional, when actually measuring, is combined according to standard proportional real
Border differential pressure measurement can be obtained vertical displacement changing value at measuring point.
As shown in Fig. 2, differential pressure-displacement transfer principle when using the above method and device is：
The closed gas pressure initial value that the "-" of differential pressure pick-up in attached drawing 2 is extreme is local atmospheric pressure, after simplifying
It is as shown in Fig. 2 to calculate diagram, when being measured for detection property etc. is short-term, and measures mostly in the engineering practice in night, envelope
Body of holding one's breath can be considered constant temperature process during the test.If p0For atmospheric pressure, p1It is closed at measuring point when for vertical displacement not occurring
Gas pressure intensity, p2For confining gas pressure at measuring point after generation vertical displacement u, A1For closed-end container cross-sectional area, A2For differential pressure
Sensor connection tube cross-sectional area, A3For open end vessel cross-sectional area, l1For the height of liquid level to connecting tube, l2It is passed for differential pressure
Sensor connects length of tube, Δ l1For confining gas change in elevation at measuring point after generation vertical displacement.
Work as original state, communicating pipe i.e. second communicating pipe both ends liquid level it is equal when, have p1=p0+ρgh′。
When vertical displacement u occurs for structure, it can be obtained by The Ideal-Gas Equation：
Wherein：v1=A1l1+A2l2For p1Corresponding gas volume, v2For p2Corresponding gas volume, volume change Δ v1
=v1-v2=A1Δl1, enable Δ p=p2-p1, then formula (1) can be written as：
According to liquid continuity equation：
Simultaneous formula (2), formula (3), obtain：
Formula (4) shows the vertical displacement value u at structure measuring point, and there are certain correspondences with differential pressure Δ P, therefore, real
As long as in application, measuring vertical displacement forward and backward communicating pipe blind end differential pressure value occurs for border at structure measuring point, you can obtain structure
Vertical displacement value at the measuring point.
1) the equal i.e. A of container section product at datum mark and test point1=A3When, have：
Wherein：ρ, g are respectively the density for being connected to liquid in pipe and the acceleration of gravity of testing location.
It enablesThen formula (5) is rewritten as：
When it is pure water to be connected to liquid in pipe, have
The convenience of binding operation when structure design, can enable l1=5mm, l2=50mm, Then haveGuarantee two is easy to before measurement
Hold initial level contour, i.e. h '=0.At this point, as amount of deflection u=1000mm, after the coefficient in calculating formula (6), equation abbreviation is：
Δh2+ 9346.98 Δ h-10336730=0 solve Δ h ≈ 999.097mm, Δ l1=0.4515mm.Similarly：As amount of deflection u=
When 100mm, Δ h ≈ 99.902mm, Δ l1=0.049mm；As amount of deflection u=1mm, Δ h ≈ 0.999mm, Δ l1=
0.0005mm。
It follows that when true vertical shift value is respectively 1000mm, 100mm, 1mm, formula (6) takes first item on the right of equal sign
Linear segment calculated, caused by nonlinear terms to cast out error amount be respectively δ=0.903mm, 0.098mm and 0.001mm,
The proportion of test value shared by the error is respectively 0.0903%, 0.098% and 0.1%.
Therefore its nonlinear terms can be cast out, and cast out error≤0.1%, it can be ignored.I.e.：
u≈Δh (7)
I.e.：Structure measuring point displacement value liquid-column height value corresponding with differential pressure changing value is equal.Therefore, in Practical Project
During displacement measurement, front and back communicating pipe both ends differential pressure changing value Δ P, corresponding liquid occurs as long as reading and recording displacement
Pillar height degree Δ h values are the value equal to the displacement components u to be measured.
2) when datum mark container section product is much larger than much larger than container section product, closed-end container cross-sectional area at test point
When sensor connection flexible pipe cross-sectional area, i.e. A2<<A1<<A3When, have：This up-to-date style (4) is rewritten as：
Wherein：ρ, g are respectively connected to the density of liquid in pipe and the acceleration of gravity of testing location,
H '=0 is enabled, and when it is pure water to be connected to liquid in pipe, is had：
And l1Only grade, so
So u ≈ Δs h is set up, and error is calculated with A3Relative to A1Bigger, A1Relative to A2More senior general strongly reduces.
Meanwhile according to continuity equation：
A1Δl1=A Δs l (9)
Wherein A, Δ l are respectively communicating pipe sectional area and distance of the liquid along tube runs during the test.
The PU pipes for selecting A=4mm communicating pipes, then as u=1000mm, haveWork as u=
When 100mm, haveAs u=1mm, haveIt is respectively in displacement changing value
When 1000mm, 100mm, 1mm liquid flowing reduce to conventional open communicating pipe liquid flowing 18.06%, 19.6%,
20% so that energy loss substantially reduces caused by frictional resistance, is conducive to the raising of measuring accuracy.
As shown in Fig. 3, using the method for eliminating ambient temperature effect when the above method and device, this method is：
When temperature change is larger in vertical displacement monitoring time section, need to consider internal system confining gas pressure change
To the influence that measurement result is brought, elimination or temperature adjustmemt should be carried out to it to obtain high-precision measurement result.A pair of test
It is respectively 2-1 containers and 2-2 containers to hold fluid reservoir.
According to attached drawing 3, P0For atmospheric pressure；H ' is the initial height difference of liquid level；Δ h is the liquid level height difference after temperature change.Work as ring
When border temperature increases Δ T, have：
The first step：When temperature change, the temperature effect of closed gas calculates in container 2-1.
According to The Ideal-Gas Equation, have：
It can be obtained by liquid continuity equation：
From geometrical relationship in Fig. 3：
Δ V=A1Δl1。 (13)
By (10)~(13) Shi Ke get：
It solves：
It can thus be concluded that the pressure values of closed gas are in container 2-1 after temperature change：
P2=P1+ρgΔh
Second step：When temperature change, the temperature effect of closed gas calculates in container 2-2.
When temperature change, closed gas is constant volume change in container 2-2, and the closed gas pressure after temperature change is：
Third walks：After temperature change, as long as meeting P '2=P2, you can eliminate the influence of temperature change.
4th step：Analysis result is walked according to the first step to third, designs container 2-1 and 2-2 confining gas volume.
5th step：A is chosen when tectonic sieving2< < A1=A3, then have Δ l3=Δ l1, be conducive to the simplification of tectonic sieving.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and legend shown and described herein.
Claims (9)
1. the vertical displacement monitoring device of initial big height difference structure, which is characterized in that including：
Measuring point fluid reservoir, is inside filled with liquid；
A pair of of test lead fluid reservoir, the through-hole being correspondingly arranged on respectively at the identical height of upper part outside perforation, a pair of of test lead
Liquid storage pot bottom is provided with the first valve by the formula structure that was communicated as one the first communicating pipe on first communicating pipe, wherein
One test lead liquid storage pot bottom is also connected to the measuring point fluid reservoir by the second communicating pipe, a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir upper surface
All have identical opening；
Differential pressure pick-up, negative pole end and positive terminal are connected to opening for a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir by connecting pipe sealing respectively
Mouthful.
2. the vertical displacement monitoring device of initial big height difference structure as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described second connects
The second valve is also equipped on siphunculus.
3. the vertical displacement monitoring device of initial big height difference structure as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the through hole
It is both provided with the control bolt of sealing through-hole.
4. the vertical displacement monitoring device of initial big height difference structure as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the differential pressure passes
Sensor is liquid differential pressure pick-up or air differential pressure sensor.
5. the vertical displacement monitoring device of initial big height difference structure as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the differential pressure passes
Sensor is electrically connected digital display.
6. the vertical displacement monitoring device of initial big height difference structure as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the differential pressure passes
Sensor is electrically connected data transmission module, and the data transmission module wired connection or wireless connection data are received to be handled with storage
Equipment.
7. the vertical displacement monitoring device of height difference structure as described in claim 1 initial big, which is characterized in that the through-hole is
The arc opening of extension is gradually extended to the outside from the outside wall of test lead liquid storage top tank structure, the test lead liquid storage tank wall is also set up
There are closing means comprising：
Sealing element comprising connecting plate and sealing block, the connecting plate upper end are articulated with the test lead fluid reservoir right over through-hole
On outer wall, the sealing block is fixed on the connecting plate one side and lower end is concordant with the lower end of connecting plate, the sealing block
The shape of shape and the through-hole matches and the top surface of the sealing block extends outward to form extension block；
U-tube, one side are low opening and are fixed on the outer wall of test lead fluid reservoir and low open upper end and through-hole lower face
Concordantly, the U-tube other side is high opening and is located above through-hole, has on the wall of close through-hole side below the high opening and passes through
It is fixed with axis pin in logical hole and hole；
Yoke frame comprising rotating bar and hinge bar, the rotating bar, which is sheathed on axis pin, makes one end be located in high opening, is another
It is outer that one end is located at high opening, and described hinge bar one end is articulated with that rotating bar is located on the other end in outside, the other end is articulated with company
On fishplate bar；
Buoyancy bar is located in high opening and upper end is articulated in rotating bar, and lower end is fixed with buoyant spheres and straight down close to U
Type bottom of the tube.
8. the vertical displacement monitoring method of initial big height difference structure, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：First valve and the second valve are opened, while through-hole is also opened, and the height for promoting measuring point fluid reservoir to survey
Liquid in point fluid reservoir flows into a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir, until liquid is flowed out of a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir through-hole
Go out, measuring point fluid reservoir and a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir are placed in identical height, then close through-hole；
Step 2：Measuring point fluid reservoir or a pair of of test lead fluid reservoir are fixed on measuring point, corresponding a pair of test lead fluid reservoir
Or measuring point fluid reservoir is located on the constant datum mark of vertical displacement, and close the first valve；
Step 3：It monitors and carries out data acquisition.
9. the vertical displacement monitoring method of initial big height difference structure as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that step 3 carries out
System calibrating is first carried out before data acquisition, specially：Fluid reservoir vertical displacement variation on measuring point is set to certain value, is then seen
The corresponding pressure difference changing value of differential pressure pick-up at this time is examined, the ratio of the two is acquired, as standard proportional；Then step 3 number is carried out
According to acquisition, it is measuring point vertical displacement changing value that collected actual pressure differential changing value, which is multiplied by standard proportional,.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115096259A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-23 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring settlement of crown beam top of foundation pit on sloping field |
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| CN115096259A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-23 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring settlement of crown beam top of foundation pit on sloping field |
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