CN108758117A - A kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose and its production technology - Google Patents
A kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose and its production technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN108758117A CN108758117A CN201810675797.3A CN201810675797A CN108758117A CN 108758117 A CN108758117 A CN 108758117A CN 201810675797 A CN201810675797 A CN 201810675797A CN 108758117 A CN108758117 A CN 108758117A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/10—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements not embedded in the wall
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
- C08L15/005—Hydrogenated nitrile rubber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
- C08K2003/222—Magnesia, i.e. magnesium oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2203/00—Applications
- C08L2203/18—Applications used for pipes
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose and its production technologies, including sebific duct ontology, the sebific duct ontology includes the die layer coated successively from inside to outside, fabric reinforcement, mesoglea and outer glue-line, the fabric reinforcement is that aromatic polyester fiber and nylon fiber twisting are combined the twisting rope to be formed, the mesoglea is middle glue bond layer, and the die layer and outer glue-line are formed by elastic rubber.Its production technology includes die layer preparation, fabric reinforcement braiding, mesoglea preparation, outer glue-line preparation, vulcanizing treatment and product inspection step.The corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present invention has good corrosion resistance, high temperature resistant, hypotonicity and low temperature resistant, while compression strength is high, ageing-resistant, durable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to liquid or gas transmission pipeline technical fields, and in particular to a kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose and its
Production technology.
Background technology
The conveyings such as China's chemical industry, oil, gas at present are mostly the hard pipeline such as steel pipeline or fiberglass with pipeline, not only weight
Greatly, cost is high, and connects inconvenience, and stability is poor, anticorrosive anti-H2S energy force difference, and later stage Corrosion Maintenance is of high cost etc., to overcome
Drawbacks described above, people start research and development and carry out liquid or the conveying of gas object with rubber tube replacement stereoplasm tube.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, being retrieved to the prior art, disclosed in Chinese invention Publication No. CN1690497
A kind of pressure resistant rubber hose and its manufacturing method.It includes die layer, enhancement layer and outer glue-line, and this method is to squeeze out die layer
Afterwards, i.e., freezing processing is carried out to die layer, which carries out in a freezing tank, and freezing tank is using dry ice or liquid nitrogen
Low-temperature receiver, temperature control is -5 DEG C~-50 DEG C, preferably -10 DEG C~-25 DEG C in freezing tank.After die layer transfers braider, pass through
Control braiding forward speed controls die layer pipe surface temperature, and braiding forward speed control is 0.5~3m/s, and preferably 1.0
~2m/s.The rubber hose made from the method, braiding enhancement layer is close, uniform, decorative pattern is straight, and the compressive resistance of finished product is high.
The patent mainly enhances the compressive resistance of rubber hose, but still remains that cannot to meet rubber hose simultaneously corrosion-resistant, resistance to
High temperature, hypotonicity and low temperature resistant requirement.
And a kind of automobile engine fuel rubber pipe is disclosed in Chinese invention patent Publication No. CN106543683A
And preparation method thereof, it is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：30-60 parts of chlorohydrin rubber, chlorinated polyethylene rubber 25-50
Part, 2-7 parts of polyamide wax micropowder, 4-8 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 5-10 parts of n-butyl sebacate, inositol hexaphosphate 3-8
Part, 5-11 parts of carboxylation carbon nanotube, 3-8 parts of Cosan, 2-5 parts of nekal, 5-12 parts of calcium carbonate, polyglycereol castor-oil plant
3-9 parts of alcohol ester, 3-6 parts of zinc methacrylate, 2-5 parts of aluminium hydroxide, 7-13 parts of white carbon, 0.6-2 parts of butanethiol tin, hexafluoro
0.5-1.6 parts of acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione, 3-8 parts of nano-silicon nitride, 6-12 parts of plasticizer, 2.5-8 parts of anti-aging agent.Compared with prior art,
The corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose oil resistivity of automobile engine in the present invention is good, the service life is longer.The patent mainly enhances rubber
In terms of the oil resistivity of glue hose, but corrosion-resistant rubber hose, high temperature resistant, hypotonicity and resistance to cannot be met simultaneously by still remaining
The requirement of low temperature.
Based on this, it is necessary to a kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose and its production technology are provided, to solve prior art presence
The problem of.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose and its production technologies, solve in above-mentioned background technology not
Foot, the corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose have good corrosion resistance, high temperature resistant, hypotonicity and low temperature resistant, while pressure resistance
Degree is high, ageing-resistant, durable.
It is of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, it adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose, including sebific duct ontology, the sebific duct ontology include coating successively from inside to outside
Die layer, fabric reinforcement, mesoglea and outer glue-line, the fabric reinforcement are that aromatic polyester fiber and nylon fiber are twisted
It is combined the twisting rope to be formed, and the fabric reinforcement is formed by the twisting rope by weaving, in described
Glue-line is middle glue bond layer, and the die layer and outer glue-line are formed by elastic rubber.
Preferably, the twist coefficient of the twisting rope is 5-8.
Preferably, the fabric reinforcement is formed by the twisting rope by weaving.
Preferably, the fabric reinforcement weaving method：Twisting rope is first woven into the first reinforcement along clockwise direction
Layer, and the first enhancement layer and die layer length direction angle are 45 °, then negative direction is woven into the second enhancement layer, and second again
Enhancement layer and die layer length direction angle are 45 °
Preferably, the mesoglea is alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3:The middle glue bond of 1 compounding
Layer.
Preferably, the die layer is hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber die layer, it is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
Preferably, the outer glue-line is organic silicon rubber outer glue-line, it is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
The present invention also provides the production technologies of above-mentioned corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose, include the following steps：
(1) prepare die layer, by hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, magnesia, palm wax, anti-aging agent TMTD, antiscorching agent, accelerating agent into
Row pressurization mixing is packed into 75 liters of pressurization internal mixers then by high abrasion carbon black N330, fast extrusion carbon black N550, stearic acid mixing,
Mixing 10-15min is carried out, waits for that smelting temperature reaches 120-140 DEG C, dumping is subsequently placed into open mill and carries out cooling slitting, uses
40 × 60 mesh steel meshes filter, and weigh, and are put into open mill and add sulfuric peroxide agent, cooling is kept flat, using extruder, and in 105-
Die layer is continuously squeezed out at a temperature of 115 DEG C, while detecting using laser diameter measuring instrument the size of the die layer of extrusion automatically；
(2) fabric reinforcement weaves, and uses braider directly to be knit out in the die layer of extrusion with aromatic polyester fibre
Fabric reinforcement of the twisting rope of peacekeeping nylon fiber twisting synthesis as enhancing skeleton, and ensure that the fiber during braiding adds
Strong 120-160 DEG C of layer temperature, obtains the pipe containing enhancing skeleton；
(3) prepared by mesoglea, will form the alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3 of mesoglea:1 mixing, then
Heating fusing, obtain resin solution, the pipe that then step (2) obtains is impregnated into resin solution, make resin solution be impregnated in
In pipe, then the pipe for being soaked with resin liquid is put into 150-200 DEG C of drying box and is dried, cures, is obtained containing middle glue
The pipe of layer；
(4) prepared by outer glue-line, and preparation weighs outer glue-line material each component, sulphur will be gone out, each group outside accelerating agent be placed in it is close
110-120 DEG C of mixing 3 minutes in mill is kneaded 20 points at a temperature of 50-60 DEG C of sulphur and accelerating agent open mill are added after parking
Filtering squeezes out bottom sheet after clock, and is coated on mesoglea, obtains semi-finished product rubber pipe；
(5) semi-finished product rubber pipe made of step (4) is carried out continuously vulcanization, obtains semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology；
(6) semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology is suppressed into 20-40Mpa, stops 8min, observation does not leak, is indeformable, and qualification is packaged into
Library.
Preferably, in step (5), the temperature of the vulcanization is 140-160 DEG C, vulcanization time 50-70min.
Compared with prior art, the present invention it has the advantages that：
(1) die layer is used and is hydrogenated according to the different use environments of outer glue-line in corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose by the present invention
Nitrile rubber, the corrosion resistance, higher heat-resisting that outer glue-line uses organic silicon rubber, and makes full use of hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber fabulous
Property, extremely strong resistance to pressure and the characteristics of permeability bottom and organic silicon rubber have wear resistant corrosion resistant excellent in cushion effect and
Anti-aging property is good, and the fuel hose of the fuel oil with interior outer glue-line different performance is formed by compound extruded, to
Ensure that the corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present invention has while oil resistant, high temperature resistant, low temperature resistant, anti-aging and permeability are low
Advantage, while also there is excellent physical mechanical property.
(2) corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the invention using coat successively from inside to outside die layer, fabric reinforcement, in
Glue-line and outer glue-line composition, are different from the structure being made of in the past die layer, enhancement layer and outer glue-line, in this way by adding in fiber
Mesoglea is added between layer and outer glue-line by force, fabric reinforcement can be made to be combined with outer glue-line even closer, improved corrosion-resistant
High-pressure rubber hose compressive property, and the mesoglea of the present invention uses alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin, has quick-hardening
Characteristic, fabric reinforcement can be made fully hardened, so as to avoid the mutual skidding between fabric reinforcement, enhance corrosion-resistant high pressure
The compression strength of rubber tube, and alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin have good phase between apolar chain, with rubber
Capacitive so that the present invention fuel oil die layer, fabric reinforcement and outer glue-line combine it is even closer, and then improve it is corrosion-resistant
The physical mechanical property of high-pressure rubber hose.
(3) fabric reinforcement of the invention is by selection high intensity aromatic polyester fiber and nylon fiber, then twists conjunction
The twisting rope formed together, then twisting rope is woven by interlaced double layer fibre by braider, it improves corrosion-resistant
The compressive property of high-pressure rubber hose；
(4) temperature of present invention control twisting rope in twisting rope braiding, happens to effectively prevent untwisting, protects
Card twisting rope weave effect, improves the compression strength of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose.
(5) corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the invention completes die layer, fiber according to mode is gradually coated from inside to outside
The advantages of combination of enhancement layer, mesoglea and outer glue-line has manufacturing process simple, and production efficiency is high, low manufacture cost.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing is used for providing further understanding invention, and a part for constitution instruction, the embodiment with invention
It is used to explain the present invention together, not be construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the exploded perspective view of the corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present invention；
Fig. 2 twists the structural schematic diagram of rope in the fabric reinforcement for the corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is cladding schematic diagram of the fabric reinforcement of the present invention in die layer；
In figure label for：1, sebific duct ontology；2, die layer；3, fabric reinforcement；4, mesoglea；5, outer glue-line；10, fragrant
Adoption ester fiber；20, nylon fiber；30, twisting rope；100, the first enhancement layer；200, the second enhancement layer.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical scheme of the present invention will be carried out below
Clear, complete description.Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained institute without making creative work
There are other embodiments, belongs to the range that the present invention is protected.
Embodiment 1
The corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present embodiment, including sebific duct ontology 1, the sebific duct ontology 1 include from inside to outside according to
Die layer 2, fabric reinforcement 3, mesoglea 4 and the outer glue-line 5 of secondary cladding, the fabric reinforcement 3 are aromatic polyester fiber
10 and the twisting of nylon fiber 20 be combined the twisting rope 30 to be formed, the mesoglea 4 is middle glue bond layer, the die layer 2
It is formed by elastic rubber with outer glue-line 5.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 be formed together with aromatic polyester fiber 10 and nylon fiber 20 are twisted plus
Torsade 30, wherein the aromatic polyester fiber 10 accounts for the 40% of 3 weight of fabric reinforcement, the nylon fiber 20 accounts for fiber and adds
The 60% of 3 weight of strong layer.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 is formed by the twisting rope 30 by weaving.
Wherein, the twist coefficient of the twisting rope 30 is 5.
Wherein, the mesoglea 4 is alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3:The middle glue bond layer of 1 compounding.
Wherein, the die layer 2 is hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber die layer, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
Wherein, the outer glue-line 5 is organic silicon rubber outer glue-line, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
The present invention also provides the production technologies of above-mentioned corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose, include the following steps：
(1) prepare die layer, by hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, magnesia, palm wax, anti-aging agent TMTD, antiscorching agent, accelerating agent into
Row pressurization mixing is packed into 75 liters of pressurization internal mixers then by high abrasion carbon black N330, fast extrusion carbon black N550, stearic acid mixing,
Mixing 10min is carried out, waits for that smelting temperature reaches 120 DEG C, dumping is subsequently placed into open mill and carries out cooling slitting, with 40 × 60
Mesh steel mesh filters, and weighs, and is put into open mill and adds sulfuric peroxide agent, cooling is kept flat, using extruder, and at a temperature of 105 DEG C
It is continuous to squeeze out die layer, while the size of the die layer of extrusion is detected using laser diameter measuring instrument automatically；
(2) fabric reinforcement weaves, and uses braider directly to be knit out in the die layer of extrusion with aromatic polyester fibre
Fabric reinforcement of the twisting rope of peacekeeping nylon fiber twisting synthesis as enhancing skeleton, and ensure that the fiber during braiding adds
Strong 120 DEG C of layer temperature, obtains the pipe containing enhancing skeleton；
(3) prepared by mesoglea, will form the alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3 of mesoglea:1 mixing, then
Heating fusing, obtain resin solution, the pipe that then step (2) obtains is impregnated into resin solution, make resin solution be impregnated in
In pipe, then the pipe for being soaked with resin liquid is put into 150 DEG C of drying boxes and is dried, cures, is obtained containing mesoglea
Pipe；
(4) prepared by outer glue-line, and preparation weighs outer glue-line material each component, sulphur will be gone out, each group outside accelerating agent be placed in it is close
110 DEG C of mixings 3 minutes in mill are kneaded at a temperature of 50 DEG C of sulphur and accelerating agent open mill are added after parking and filter after twenty minutes
Bottom sheet is squeezed out, and is coated on mesoglea, semi-finished product rubber pipe is obtained；
(5) semi-finished product rubber pipe made of step (4) is carried out continuously vulcanization, obtains semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology；
(6) semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology is suppressed into 20Mpa, stops 8min, observation does not leak, is indeformable, qualified packaging and storage.
Wherein, in step (2), 3 weaving method of the fabric reinforcement：First twisting rope 30 is woven into along clockwise direction
First enhancement layer 100, and the first enhancement layer 100 and 2 length direction angle ɑ of die layer are 40 °, then negative direction is woven into the again
Two enhancement layers 200, and the second enhancement layer 200 and 2 length direction angle β of die layer is 40 °.
Wherein, in step (5), the temperature of the vulcanization is 140 DEG C, vulcanization time 50min.
Embodiment 2
The corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present embodiment, including sebific duct ontology 1, the sebific duct ontology 1 include from inside to outside according to
Die layer 2, fabric reinforcement 3, mesoglea 4 and the outer glue-line 5 of secondary cladding, the fabric reinforcement 3 are aromatic polyester fiber
10 and the twisting of nylon fiber 20 be combined the twisting rope 30 to be formed, the mesoglea 4 is middle glue bond layer, the die layer 2
It is formed by elastic rubber with outer glue-line 5.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 is that aromatic polyester fiber 10 and nylon fiber 20 twist and be combined to be formed
Twisting rope 30, wherein the aromatic polyester fiber 10 accounts for the 70% of 3 weight of fabric reinforcement, the nylon fiber 20 accounts for fiber
The 30% of 3 weight of enhancement layer.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 is formed by the twisting rope 30 by weaving.
Wherein, the twist coefficient of the twisting rope 30 is 8.
Wherein, the mesoglea 4 is alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3:The middle glue bond layer of 1 compounding.
Wherein, the die layer 2 is hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber die layer, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
Wherein, the outer glue-line 5 is organic silicon rubber outer glue-line, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
The present invention also provides the production technologies of above-mentioned corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose, include the following steps：
(1) prepare die layer, by hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, magnesia, palm wax, anti-aging agent TMTD, antiscorching agent, accelerating agent into
Row pressurization mixing is packed into 75 liters of pressurization internal mixers then by high abrasion carbon black N330, fast extrusion carbon black N550, stearic acid mixing,
Mixing 15min is carried out, waits for that smelting temperature reaches 140 DEG C, dumping is subsequently placed into open mill and carries out cooling slitting, with 40 × 60
Mesh steel mesh filters, and weighs, and is put into open mill and adds sulfuric peroxide agent, cooling is kept flat, using extruder, and at a temperature of 115 DEG C
It is continuous to squeeze out die layer, while the size of the die layer of extrusion is detected using laser diameter measuring instrument automatically；
(2) fabric reinforcement weaves, and uses braider directly to be knit out in the die layer of extrusion with aromatic polyester fibre
Fabric reinforcement of the twisting rope of peacekeeping nylon fiber twisting synthesis as enhancing skeleton, and ensure that the fiber during braiding adds
Strong 160 DEG C of layer temperature, obtains the pipe containing enhancing skeleton；
(3) prepared by mesoglea, will form the alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3 of mesoglea:1 mixing, then
Heating fusing, obtain resin solution, the pipe that then step (2) obtains is impregnated into resin solution, make resin solution be impregnated in
In pipe, then the pipe for being soaked with resin liquid is put into 200 DEG C of drying boxes and is dried, cures, is obtained containing mesoglea
Pipe；
(4) prepared by outer glue-line, and preparation weighs outer glue-line material each component, sulphur will be gone out, each group outside accelerating agent be placed in it is close
120 DEG C of mixings 3 minutes in mill are kneaded at a temperature of 60 DEG C of sulphur and accelerating agent open mill are added after parking and filter after twenty minutes
Bottom sheet is squeezed out, and is coated on mesoglea, semi-finished product rubber pipe is obtained；
(5) semi-finished product rubber pipe made of step (4) is carried out continuously vulcanization, obtains semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology；
(6) semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology is suppressed into 40Mpa, stops 8min, observation does not leak, is indeformable, qualified packaging and storage.
Wherein, in step (2), 3 weaving method of the fabric reinforcement：First twisting rope 30 is woven into along clockwise direction
First enhancement layer 100, and the first enhancement layer 100 and 2 length direction angle ɑ of die layer are 60 °, then negative direction is woven into the again
Two enhancement layers 200, and the second enhancement layer 200 and 2 length direction angle β of die layer is 60 °
Wherein, in step (5), the temperature of the vulcanization is 160 DEG C, vulcanization time 70min.
Embodiment 3
The corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present embodiment, including sebific duct ontology 1, the sebific duct ontology 1 include from inside to outside according to
Die layer 2, fabric reinforcement 3, mesoglea 4 and the outer glue-line 5 of secondary cladding, the fabric reinforcement 3 are aromatic polyester fiber
10 and the twisting of nylon fiber 20 be combined the twisting rope 30 to be formed, the mesoglea 4 is middle glue bond layer, the die layer 2
It is formed by elastic rubber with outer glue-line 5.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 is that aromatic polyester fiber 10 and nylon fiber 20 twist and be combined to be formed
Twisting rope 30, wherein the aromatic polyester fiber 10 accounts for the 40% of 3 weight of fabric reinforcement, the nylon fiber 20 accounts for fiber
The 50% of 3 weight of enhancement layer.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 is formed by the twisting rope 30 by weaving.
Wherein, the twist coefficient of the twisting rope 30 is 6.5.
Wherein, the mesoglea 4 is alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3:The middle glue bond layer of 1 compounding.
Wherein, the die layer 2 is hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber die layer, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
Wherein, the outer glue-line 5 is organic silicon rubber outer glue-line, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
The present invention also provides the production technologies of above-mentioned corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose, include the following steps：
(1) prepare die layer, by hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, magnesia, palm wax, anti-aging agent TMTD, antiscorching agent, accelerating agent into
Row pressurization mixing is packed into 75 liters of pressurization internal mixers then by high abrasion carbon black N330, fast extrusion carbon black N550, stearic acid mixing,
Mixing 12.5min is carried out, waits for that smelting temperature reaches 130 DEG C, dumping is subsequently placed into open mill and carries out cooling slitting, with 40 ×
60 mesh steel meshes filter, and weigh, and are put into open mill and add sulfuric peroxide agent, cooling is kept flat, using extruder, and in 110 DEG C of temperature
It is lower continuous to squeeze out die layer, while the size of the die layer of extrusion is detected using laser diameter measuring instrument automatically；
(2) fabric reinforcement weaves, and uses braider directly to be knit out in the die layer of extrusion with aromatic polyester fibre
Fabric reinforcement of the twisting rope of peacekeeping nylon fiber twisting synthesis as enhancing skeleton, and ensure that the fiber during braiding adds
Strong 140 DEG C of layer temperature, obtains the pipe containing enhancing skeleton；
(3) prepared by mesoglea, will form the alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3 of mesoglea:1 mixing, then
Heating fusing, obtain resin solution, the pipe that then step (2) obtains is impregnated into resin solution, make resin solution be impregnated in
In pipe, then the pipe for being soaked with resin liquid is put into 175 DEG C of drying boxes and is dried, cures, is obtained containing mesoglea
Pipe；
(4) prepared by outer glue-line, and preparation weighs outer glue-line material each component, sulphur will be gone out, each group outside accelerating agent be placed in it is close
115 DEG C of mixings 3 minutes in mill are kneaded at a temperature of 55 DEG C of sulphur and accelerating agent open mill are added after parking and filter after twenty minutes
Bottom sheet is squeezed out, and is coated on mesoglea, semi-finished product rubber pipe is obtained；
(5) semi-finished product rubber pipe made of step (4) is carried out continuously vulcanization, obtains semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology；
(6) semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology is suppressed into 30Mpa, stops 8min, observation does not leak, is indeformable, qualified packaging and storage.
Wherein, in step (2), 3 weaving method of the fabric reinforcement：First twisting rope 30 is woven into along clockwise direction
First enhancement layer 100, and the first enhancement layer 100 and 2 length direction angle ɑ of die layer are 50 °, then negative direction is woven into the again
Two enhancement layers 200, and the second enhancement layer 200 and 2 length direction angle β of die layer is 50 °
Wherein, in step (5), the temperature of the vulcanization is 150 DEG C, vulcanization time 50-70min.
Embodiment 4
The corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present embodiment, including sebific duct ontology 1, the sebific duct ontology 1 include from inside to outside according to
Die layer 2, fabric reinforcement 3, mesoglea 4 and the outer glue-line 5 of secondary cladding, the fabric reinforcement 3 are aromatic polyester fiber
10 and the twisting of nylon fiber 20 be combined the twisting rope 30 to be formed, the mesoglea 4 is middle glue bond layer, the die layer 2
It is formed by elastic rubber with outer glue-line 5.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 is that aromatic polyester fiber 10 and nylon fiber 20 twist and be combined to be formed
Twisting rope 30, wherein the aromatic polyester fiber 10 accounts for the 40% of 3 weight of fabric reinforcement, the nylon fiber 20 accounts for fiber
The 60% of 3 weight of enhancement layer.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 is formed by the twisting rope 30 by weaving.
Wherein, the twist coefficient of the twisting rope 30 is 6.
Wherein, the mesoglea 4 is alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3:The middle glue bond layer of 1 compounding.
Wherein, the die layer 2 is hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber die layer, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
Wherein, the outer glue-line 5 is organic silicon rubber outer glue-line, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
The present invention also provides the production technologies of above-mentioned corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose, include the following steps：
(1) prepare die layer, by hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, magnesia, palm wax, anti-aging agent TMTD, antiscorching agent, accelerating agent into
Row pressurization mixing is packed into 75 liters of pressurization internal mixers then by high abrasion carbon black N330, fast extrusion carbon black N550, stearic acid mixing,
Mixing 11min is carried out, waits for that smelting temperature reaches 125 DEG C, dumping is subsequently placed into open mill and carries out cooling slitting, with 40 × 60
Mesh steel mesh filters, and weighs, and is put into open mill and adds sulfuric peroxide agent, cooling is kept flat, using extruder, and at a temperature of 108 DEG C
It is continuous to squeeze out die layer, while the size of the die layer of extrusion is detected using laser diameter measuring instrument automatically；
(2) fabric reinforcement weaves, and uses braider directly to be knit out in the die layer of extrusion with aromatic polyester fibre
Fabric reinforcement of the twisting rope of peacekeeping nylon fiber twisting synthesis as enhancing skeleton, and ensure that the fiber during braiding adds
Strong 130 DEG C of layer temperature, obtains the pipe containing enhancing skeleton；
(3) prepared by mesoglea, will form the alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3 of mesoglea:1 mixing, then
Heating fusing, obtain resin solution, the pipe that then step (2) obtains is impregnated into resin solution, make resin solution be impregnated in
In pipe, then the pipe for being soaked with resin liquid is put into 160 DEG C of drying boxes and is dried, cures, is obtained containing mesoglea
Pipe；
(4) prepared by outer glue-line, and preparation weighs outer glue-line material each component, sulphur will be gone out, each group outside accelerating agent be placed in it is close
112 DEG C of mixings 3 minutes in mill are kneaded at a temperature of 53 DEG C of sulphur and accelerating agent open mill are added after parking and filter after twenty minutes
Bottom sheet is squeezed out, and is coated on mesoglea, semi-finished product rubber pipe is obtained；
(5) semi-finished product rubber pipe made of step (4) is carried out continuously vulcanization, obtains semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology；
(6) semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology is suppressed into 25Mpa, stops 8min, observation does not leak, is indeformable, qualified packaging and storage.
Wherein, in step (2), 3 weaving method of the fabric reinforcement：First twisting rope 30 is woven into along clockwise direction
First enhancement layer 100, and the first enhancement layer 100 and 2 length direction angle ɑ of die layer are 45 °, then negative direction is woven into the again
Two enhancement layers 200, and the second enhancement layer 200 and 2 length direction angle β of die layer is 45 °
Wherein, in step (5), the temperature of the vulcanization is 140-160 DEG C, vulcanization time 50-70min.
Embodiment 5
The corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present embodiment, including sebific duct ontology 1, the sebific duct ontology 1 include from inside to outside according to
Die layer 2, fabric reinforcement 3, mesoglea 4 and the outer glue-line 5 of secondary cladding, the fabric reinforcement 3 are aromatic polyester fiber
10 and the twisting of nylon fiber 20 be combined the twisting rope 30 to be formed, the mesoglea 4 is middle glue bond layer, the die layer 2
It is formed by elastic rubber with outer glue-line 5.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 is that aromatic polyester fiber 10 and nylon fiber 20 twist and be combined to be formed
Twisting rope 30, wherein the aromatic polyester fiber 10 accounts for the 55% of 3 weight of fabric reinforcement, the nylon fiber 20 accounts for fiber
The 45% of 3 weight of enhancement layer.
Wherein, the fabric reinforcement 3 is formed by the twisting rope 30 by weaving.
Wherein, the twist coefficient of the twisting rope 30 is 7.
Wherein, the mesoglea 4 is alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3:The middle glue bond layer of 1 compounding.
Wherein, the die layer 2 is hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber die layer, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
Wherein, the outer glue-line 5 is organic silicon rubber outer glue-line, is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
The present invention also provides the production technologies of above-mentioned corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose, include the following steps：
(1) prepare die layer, by hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, magnesia, palm wax, anti-aging agent TMTD, antiscorching agent, accelerating agent into
Row pressurization mixing is packed into 75 liters of pressurization internal mixers then by high abrasion carbon black N330, fast extrusion carbon black N550, stearic acid mixing,
Mixing 14min is carried out, waits for that smelting temperature reaches 135 DEG C, dumping is subsequently placed into open mill and carries out cooling slitting, with 40 × 60
Mesh steel mesh filters, and weighs, and is put into open mill and adds sulfuric peroxide agent, cooling is kept flat, using extruder, and at a temperature of 112 DEG C
It is continuous to squeeze out die layer, while the size of the die layer of extrusion is detected using laser diameter measuring instrument automatically；
(2) fabric reinforcement weaves, and uses braider directly to be knit out in the die layer of extrusion with aromatic polyester fibre
Fabric reinforcement of the twisting rope of peacekeeping nylon fiber twisting synthesis as enhancing skeleton, and ensure that the fiber during braiding adds
Strong 150 DEG C of layer temperature, obtains the pipe containing enhancing skeleton；
(3) prepared by mesoglea, will form the alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3 of mesoglea:1 mixing, then
Heating fusing, obtain resin solution, the pipe that then step (2) obtains is impregnated into resin solution, make resin solution be impregnated in
In pipe, then the pipe for being soaked with resin liquid is put into 190 DEG C of drying boxes and is dried, cures, is obtained containing mesoglea
Pipe；
(4) prepared by outer glue-line, and preparation weighs outer glue-line material each component, sulphur will be gone out, each group outside accelerating agent be placed in it is close
118 DEG C of mixings 3 minutes in mill are kneaded at a temperature of 58 DEG C of sulphur and accelerating agent open mill are added after parking and filter after twenty minutes
Bottom sheet is squeezed out, and is coated on mesoglea, semi-finished product rubber pipe is obtained；
(5) semi-finished product rubber pipe made of step (4) is carried out continuously vulcanization, obtains semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology；
(6) semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology is suppressed into 35Mpa, stops 8min, observation does not leak, is indeformable, qualified packaging and storage.
Wherein, in step (2), 3 weaving method of the fabric reinforcement：First twisting rope 30 is woven into along clockwise direction
First enhancement layer 100, and the first enhancement layer 100 and 2 length direction angle ɑ of die layer are 55 °, then negative direction is woven into the again
Two enhancement layers 200, and the second enhancement layer 200 and 2 length direction angle β of die layer is 55 °
Wherein, in step (5), the temperature of the vulcanization is 155 DEG C, vulcanization time 65min.
Comparative example 1
Using Chinese patent (application number：CN200410017889.0 pressure resistant rubber hose made from the method in).
Comparative example 2
Using Chinese patent (application number：CN201611055364.5 the corrosion-resistant height of automobile engine made from the method in)
Press rubber tube.
Comparative example 3
It is outer except cancelling the preparation process of the mesoglea of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose and mesoglea, other preparation processes with
Method is consistent with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
Except changing aromatic polyester fiber in fabric reinforcement and nylon fiber into polyester fiber and by knitting type shape
Outside at fabric reinforcement, other preparation processes are consistent with embodiment 1 with method.
Experimental example 1
According to《QC/T 745-2006 liquefied petroleum gas automobile rubber pipelines》Standard is by embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-4 systems
The rubber tube obtained is tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
As shown in Table 1, osmotic-pressure-tolerant, tensile strength, elongation at break and the abrasion of the corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present invention
Volume is superior to comparative example 1-4, and according to corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose made from 3 preparation process of embodiment and material content resistance to
The performances such as permeability, tensile strength, elongation at break and wear volume are better than other embodiment, and by comparative example 3 and comparison
Example 4 it is found that comparative example 3 due to eliminating mesoglea so that fuel oil die layer of the invention, fabric reinforcement and outer glue-line combine
Tightness degree dies down, and then influences the physical mechanical property of the corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present invention so that the present invention is corrosion-resistant
Osmotic-pressure-tolerant, tensile strength, elongation at break and the wear volume of high-pressure rubber hose have different degrees of decline；And comparative example 4
Due to changing the aromatic polyester fiber of high intensity and nylon fiber into polyester fiber, and the mode that it is combined with die layer by
Braiding becomes knitting type, in this way, the tensile strength of the corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present invention, elongation at break decline are allowed for,
Meanwhile knitting type makes fuel oil die layer, fabric reinforcement and outer glue-line be tightly combined degree and die down, so that resistance to infiltration
Property and wear volume have different degrees of decline.
Experimental example 2
According to《JIS D2601》Swell increment and durability test are carried out to the rubber tube of embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-4,
Specific test result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
As shown in Table 2, for the rubber tube of the present embodiment compared with the rubber tube of comparative example, swell increment is small, and durability is good, and
By comparative example 3 it is found that eliminating mesoglea so that fuel oil die layer, fabric reinforcement and outer glue-line of the invention is tightly combined
Degree dies down, and the compressive property of such rubber tube weakens, and by comparative example 4 it is found that by the aromatic polyester fiber of high intensity and
Nylon fiber changes polyester fiber into, and its mode combined with die layer is become knitting type by weaving, in this way, allowing for this
The compression strength for inventing corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose dies down, and the swell increment of rubber tube is caused to become larger.
In conclusion the creativeness of the present invention is concentrated mainly on the following aspects：
(1) die layer is used and is hydrogenated according to the different use environments of outer glue-line in corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose by the present invention
Nitrile rubber, the corrosion resistance, higher heat-resisting that outer glue-line uses organic silicon rubber, and makes full use of hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber fabulous
Property, extremely strong resistance to pressure and the characteristics of permeability bottom and organic silicon rubber have wear resistant corrosion resistant excellent in cushion effect and
Anti-aging property is good, and the fuel hose of the fuel oil with interior outer glue-line different performance is formed by compound extruded, to
Ensure that the corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the present invention has while oil resistant, high temperature resistant, low temperature resistant, anti-aging and permeability are low
Advantage, while also there is excellent physical mechanical property.
(2) corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the invention using coat successively from inside to outside die layer, fabric reinforcement, in
Glue-line and outer glue-line composition, are different from the structure being made of in the past die layer, enhancement layer and outer glue-line, in this way by adding in fiber
Mesoglea is added between layer and outer glue-line by force, fabric reinforcement can be made to be combined with outer glue-line even closer, improved corrosion-resistant
High-pressure rubber hose compressive property, and the mesoglea of the present invention uses alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin, has quick-hardening
Characteristic, fabric reinforcement can be made fully hardened, so as to avoid the mutual skidding between fabric reinforcement, enhance corrosion-resistant high pressure
The compression strength of rubber tube, and alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin have good phase between apolar chain, with rubber
Capacitive so that the present invention fuel oil die layer, fabric reinforcement and outer glue-line combine it is even closer, and then improve it is corrosion-resistant
The physical mechanical property of high-pressure rubber hose.
(3) fabric reinforcement of the invention is by selection high intensity aromatic polyester fiber and nylon fiber, then twists conjunction
The twisting rope formed together, then twisting rope is woven by interlaced double layer fibre by braider, it improves corrosion-resistant
The compressive property of high-pressure rubber hose；
(4) temperature of present invention control twisting rope in twisting rope braiding, happens to effectively prevent untwisting, protects
Card twisting rope weave effect, improves the compression strength of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose.
(5) corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of the invention completes die layer, fiber according to mode is gradually coated from inside to outside
The advantages of combination of enhancement layer, mesoglea and outer glue-line has manufacturing process simple, and production efficiency is high, low manufacture cost.More than
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments,
Those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this has no effect on the essence of the present invention
Content.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose, including sebific duct ontology, which is characterized in that the sebific duct ontology include from inside to outside according to
Die layer, fabric reinforcement, mesoglea and the outer glue-line of secondary cladding, the fabric reinforcement are aromatic polyester fiber and nylon
Fiber twisting is combined the twisting rope to be formed, and the fabric reinforcement by the twisting rope shape by the weaving by
At the mesoglea of stating is middle glue bond layer, and the die layer and outer glue-line are formed by elastic rubber.
2. corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the twist coefficient of the twisting rope is 5-
8。
3. fuel electric spray pipe for car according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fabric reinforcement is added by described
Torsade is formed by weaving.
4. fuel electric spray pipe for car according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the fabric reinforcement weaving method：
Twisting rope is first woven into the first enhancement layer along clockwise direction, and the first enhancement layer and die layer length direction angle are 45 °,
Then negative direction is woven into the second enhancement layer again, and the second enhancement layer and die layer length direction angle are 45 °.
5. corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mesoglea is alkyl phenolic resin
With melamine resin by weight 3:The middle glue bond layer of 1 compounding.
6. corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the die layer is hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber
Die layer is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
60 parts of hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber；
3.5 parts of magnesia；
3.5 parts of stearic acid；
Palm wax 3；
It is fast to extrude 8.5 parts of carbon black N550；
11.5 parts of high abrasion carbon black N330；
2 parts of peroxide vulcanizing agent；
0.4 part of antiscorching agent；
1.5 parts of anti-aging agent TMTD；
1 part of accelerating agent.
7. corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the outer glue-line is outside organic silicon rubber
Glue-line is formulated by the raw material of following parts by weight：
65 parts of organic silicon rubber；
4 parts of calcium hydroxide；
2 parts of dioctyl ester；
3.5 parts of sulphur；
774 7.5 parts of carbon black；
20 parts of carbon black N660；
2 parts of trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM)；
4.5 parts of antimony oxide；
1.5 parts of anti-aging agent RD；
1 part of accelerator CBS.
8. according to the production technology of the corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose of claim 1-7 any one of them, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step：
（1）Die layer is prepared, hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, magnesia, palm wax, anti-aging agent TMTD, antiscorching agent, accelerating agent are added
Densification is refined, and then by high abrasion carbon black N330, fast extrusion carbon black N550, stearic acid mixing, is packed into 75 liters of pressurization internal mixers, is carried out
Mixing 10-15min waits for that smelting temperature reaches 120-140 DEG C, and dumping is subsequently placed into open mill and carries out cooling slitting, with 40 ×
60 mesh steel meshes filter, and weigh, and are put into open mill and add sulfuric peroxide agent, cooling is kept flat, using extruder, and at 105-115 DEG C
At a temperature of continuously squeeze out die layer, while detecting using laser diameter measuring instrument the size of the die layer of extrusion automatically；
（2）Fabric reinforcement weaves, use braider directly to be knit out in the die layer of extrusion with aromatic polyester fiber and
Fabric reinforcement of the twisting rope of nylon fiber twisting synthesis as enhancing skeleton, and ensure the fabric reinforcement during braiding
120-160 DEG C of temperature obtains the pipe containing enhancing skeleton；
（3）Prepared by mesoglea, will form the alkyl phenolic resin and melamine resin by weight 3 of mesoglea:1 mixing, reheats
Fusing, obtains resin solution, then step（2）Obtained pipe is impregnated into resin solution, and resin solution is made to be impregnated in pipe
In, then the pipe for being soaked with resin liquid is put into 150-200 DEG C of drying box and is dried, cures, is obtained containing mesoglea
Pipe；
（4）Prepared by outer glue-line, preparation weighs outer glue-line material each component, will go out sulphur, each group outside accelerating agent is placed in mixer
Middle 110-120 DEG C of mixing 3 minutes is kneaded after twenty minutes at a temperature of 50-60 DEG C of sulphur and accelerating agent open mill are added after parking
Filtering squeezes out bottom sheet, and is coated on mesoglea, obtains semi-finished product rubber pipe；
（5）By step（4）Manufactured semi-finished product rubber pipe is carried out continuously vulcanization, obtains semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology；
（6）Semi-finished product rubber pipe ontology is suppressed into 20-40Mpa, stops 8min, observation does not leak, is indeformable, qualified packaging and storage.
9. the production technology of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose according to claim 8, which is characterized in that step（5）In, it is described
The temperature of vulcanization is 140-160 DEG C, vulcanization time 50-70min.
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| CN201810675797.3A CN108758117A (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2018-06-27 | A kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose and its production technology |
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| CN201810675797.3A CN108758117A (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2018-06-27 | A kind of corrosion-resistant high-pressure rubber hose and its production technology |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116353018A (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-06-30 | 河南汇龙液压科技股份有限公司 | Power steering hose and production process thereof |
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| CN102040782A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-05-04 | 青岛三祥科技有限公司 | Power-steering high-pressure hose and production process thereof |
| CN102628530A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-08-08 | 浙江峻和橡胶科技有限公司 | Engine fuel pipe and production process thereof |
| CN104676149A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-06-03 | 柳州市同进汽车零部件制造有限公司 | High-pressure rubber hose |
| CN104964104A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 祝锦聪 | Liquid conveying hose |
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| CN101000119A (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2007-07-18 | 青岛三祥科技有限公司 | High-fatigue-resistance hydraulic brake hose and production method thereof |
| CN102040782A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-05-04 | 青岛三祥科技有限公司 | Power-steering high-pressure hose and production process thereof |
| CN102628530A (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2012-08-08 | 浙江峻和橡胶科技有限公司 | Engine fuel pipe and production process thereof |
| CN104676149A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-06-03 | 柳州市同进汽车零部件制造有限公司 | High-pressure rubber hose |
| CN104964104A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-07 | 祝锦聪 | Liquid conveying hose |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116353018A (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-06-30 | 河南汇龙液压科技股份有限公司 | Power steering hose and production process thereof |
| CN116353018B (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-11-21 | 河南汇龙液压科技股份有限公司 | Power steering hose and production process thereof |
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Application publication date: 20181106 |