CN108754564A - A kind of aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer - Google Patents

A kind of aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer Download PDF

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CN108754564A
CN108754564A CN201810615045.8A CN201810615045A CN108754564A CN 108754564 A CN108754564 A CN 108754564A CN 201810615045 A CN201810615045 A CN 201810615045A CN 108754564 A CN108754564 A CN 108754564A
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working solution
aluminum alloy
water
dipotassium tetraborate
film layer
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吕鹏翔
吴蒙华
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Dalian University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/024—Anodisation under pulsed or modulated current or potential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/028—Borodising,, i.e. borides formed electrochemically

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3‑AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer.Using 6061 Al alloy parts as anode, using the stainless steel plate of electrolytic cell as cathode, workpiece anode is immersed in working solution, then apply bipolar pulse electricity between a cathode and an anode, carry out differential arc oxidation processing, make the aluminium in the dipotassium tetraborate and 6061 alloy matrix aluminums in working solution that plasma chemical reaction occur, to obtain 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al2O3‑AlB12Composite ceramics film layer.The present invention solves existing Al2O3‑AlB12The problem of preparation process of composite ceramics film layer is complicated, the time is long, high energy consumption, while improving 6061 micro-arc oxidation of aluminum alloy surface ceramic film bending strengths and fracture toughness.

Description

A kind of aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics film layer Preparation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal surface modification fields, and in particular to a kind of aluminum alloy surface ceramic film layer and its preparation side Method.
Background technology
6061 alloys make it have processing performance is splendid, excellent extrusion molding, excellent since it is containing magnesium, element silicon Weld characteristics and indeformable, the fine and close zero defect of material and be easy to throw after plating resistance, good corrosion resistance, toughness is high and processing Light, the good characteristics such as colouring film is easy, oxidation effectiveness is splendid.Be widely used in decoration, packaging, building, transport, electronics, aviation, The all trades and professions such as space flight, weapons are commonly used to do automated machine part, Precision Machining, mold manufacturing etc. in machinery industry, these Purposes needs him to have the anti-destructive robbed in surface, this just needs to be modified reinforcing to 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces, improves its table The wearability and fracture toughness in face.
Differential arc oxidization technique is usually utilized to improve the performance of aluminum alloy surface.Micro-arc oxidation of aluminum alloy surface ceramic film Main component be Al2O3, have with basal body binding force is good, hardness is high, corrosion-resistant, rub resistance, insulation resistance height, heat shock resistance, Thermal stability well equal excellent performances, this effectively expands the application range of aluminium alloy, make its aerospace, equipment manufacturing, The fields such as textile machine and electronic communication are with a wide range of applications.However, Al2O3The ceramic brittleness of itself limits its Further apply.Currently, toughening is to solve the problems, such as the more effective method, increase including dis-persion toughening, fiber and whisker Tough, zirconium oxide transformation toughening, composite toughening etc..
AlB12Microhardness, wearability, breaking load and be far longer than white fused alumina than breaking load and (contain Al2O399% or more), often studied personnel are used for Al2O3Ceramics carry out composite toughening.Its technical process is：Al powder with B2O3Powder mixes, compression moulding, leads to protection gas, high-temperature heating, self-propagating reaction, Slow cooling, mechanical crushing, sieving.It is utilizing AlB12To Al2O3Toughening forms Al2O3-AlB12During composite ceramics film layer, to realize that self- propagating process, high-temperature heating need More than 1800K；And Slow cooling is then conducive to AlB12The formation of crystal.This method obtains Al2O3-AlB12Composite ceramic End.Then using process for treating surface such as sprayings, Al is formed in metal surface2O3-AlB12It is protected with the composite ceramics of matrix Layer.Although it efficiently solves Al2O3Toughening problem, but the processing procedure, complex process, high energy consumption is of long duration, and Film layer is poor with basal body binding force.
Invention content
The present invention is to improve 6061 micro-arc oxidation of aluminum alloy surface ceramic film bending strengths and fracture toughness, is solved simultaneously Existing Al2O3-AlB12Preparation process complexity, time length, high energy consumption, the problem with basal body binding force difference of composite ceramics film layer, And provide a kind of 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer.
The present invention inventive concept be：It can be worked in aluminum alloy surface growth in situ ceramic film by interpolar discharge When Al alloy parts connect the anode of mao power source, cathode connects stainless steel electrolytic slot, is full of working solution, working solution therebetween It inside stainless steel electrolytic slot, and is only connected, cannot be contacted with each other by working solution between Al alloy parts and electrolytic cell Or it is connected with other conductors.When processing starts, with the raising of voltage across poles, the reactant in working solution is under the action of electric field It is collected around to anode movement, and in discharge channel, it, will be in gold when the voltage of two interpolar of negative and positive is more than faraday's region of discharge Metal surface generate micro arc plasma body electric discharge, differential arc oxidation electric discharge be plasma arc light electric discharge, process be divided into superficial electric discharge, Depth is discharged and submerged arc electric discharge three phases, and the high temperature and pressure that plasma discharge is generated in discharge channel, DIE Temperature can Up to 6800K~9500K, channel edge temperature also may be up to 2000K, and such high temperature and pressure makes the metal of workpiece surface, work Plasma chemical reaction occurs for ion or suspension particles in liquid, and reactant can be pushed to discharge channel bottom by submerged arc discharge regime Portion, and micro- molten bath is formed in discharge channel bottom and base contact portion, so that reactant, base aluminum is sufficiently mixed in micro- molten bath, And reaction forms new product rapidly.The discharge channel of long and narrow complications has delayed the reduction of micro- bath temperature.Ceramic coating formed by micro-arc oxidation With that the high bond strength between matrix of corrosion-resistant, wear-resisting, insulation resistance is high, thicknesses of layers and roughness are controllable etc. is many Advantage.Differential arc oxidation discharge energy can be controlled by electrical parameter；Boron element can be drawn by the form of solvent or suspended things Enter into working solution, and then participates in differential arc oxidation reaction；It is long and narrow curved due to putting a channel in the submerged arc discharge regime of differential arc oxidation The cooling effect of song, working solution weakens so that the temperature reduction in micro- molten bath is slower, this is all conducive to AlB12The formation of crystal, into And in one layer of Al of workpiece surface in-situ preparation2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics film layer.
A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer be by It is carried out according to following steps：
Using 6061 Al alloy parts as anode, using the stainless steel plate of electrolytic cell as cathode, equipped with preparation in advance in electrolytic cell Good working solution, anode is immersed in working solution, then applies bipolar pulse electricity between a cathode and an anode, and make forward direction Voltage is 50V~620V, backward voltage is 20V~95V, current density 10A/dm2~20A/dm2, frequency be 800Hz~ 2000Hz, under conditions of working solution temperature is 20 DEG C~80 DEG C, processing 30min~60min is to get to 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces Al2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics film layer, wherein the working solution includes the nothing of dipotassium tetraborate, water and at least one or two or more Machine salt, alkali or Organic Alcohol.Keep a concentration of 5-20g/L of the dipotassium tetraborate in working solution.
Dipotassium tetraborate determines whether plasma chemical reaction can be normally carried out in the concentration of working solution.Dipotassium tetraborate concentration It, then can not regular picture more than 30g/L.
6061 aluminium alloy elements form, copper：0.15wt%~0.4wt%；Manganese：0.15；Magnesium：0.8wt%~1.2wt%； Zinc：0.25wt%；Chromium：0.04wt%~0.35wt%；Titanium：0.15wt%；Silicon：0.4wt%~0.8wt%；Iron：0.7wt%； Aluminium：Surplus.
The working solution is made of dipotassium tetraborate, water and inorganic salts；Or the working solution is by dipotassium tetraborate, water and alkali Composition；Or the working solution is made of dipotassium tetraborate, water and Organic Alcohol；Or the working solution is by dipotassium tetraborate, water, organic Alcohol and inorganic salts composition；Or the working solution is made of dipotassium tetraborate, water, Organic Alcohol and alkali；Or the working solution is by four Potassium borate, water, alkali and inorganic salts composition；Or the working solution is made of dipotassium tetraborate, water, Organic Alcohol, alkali and inorganic salts.
The water is deionized water；The inorganic salts are silicate, phosphate, tungstates, molybdate or aluminate One or more of；The Organic Alcohol is one kind or two in methanol, ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerine or isopropanol Kind or more；The alkali is one or more of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or barium hydroxide.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, a kind of 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate prepared by the present invention2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics film layer, With dipotassium tetraborate and other boron-containing compounds are free of in working solution, and under other technological parameter the same terms, obtain identical film layer The common 6061 aluminum alloy differential arc oxidation film layer of thickness is compared, and bending strength improves 20%~33%, and fracture toughness improves 21%~32%.It is effectively improved the mechanical performance of 6061 micro-arc oxidation of aluminum alloy surface ceramic films.
2, the differential arc oxidation treatment method that the present invention uses, technical process is simple, only needs differential arc oxidation electric discharge, cleaning and does Dry 3 procedure.Micro-arc discharge processing time is generally in 30min~60min, more existing Al2O3-AlB12The processing of composite ceramics film layer Time greatly shortens, and processing efficiency significantly improves.React the Al generated2O3And AlB12It is sufficiently mixed in micro- molten bath, after cooling Directly Al is formed in workpiece surface2O3-AlB12The temperature of composite ceramics film layer, workpiece substrate changes before and after the processing in differential arc oxidation Less, discharge energy is mainly used for the generation of film layer, therefore the more existing Al of energy utilization rate of differential arc oxidation2O3-AlB12It is multiple It is high to close ceramic film manufacturing process.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail below by specific embodiment, but is not limited the scope of the invention.Unless otherwise specified, originally Experimental method is conventional method used by invention, and experiment equipment used, material, reagent etc. commercially obtain.
Embodiment 1
A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer be by It is carried out according to following steps：
Using 6061 Al alloy parts as anode, using the stainless steel plate of electrolytic cell as cathode, anode is immersed in working solution, Then apply Bipolar pulse power between a cathode and an anode, and be 50V, forward voltage end value in forward voltage initial value For 540V, backward voltage initial value is 20V, backward voltage end value is 80V, current density 10A/dm2, frequency is 2000Hz, under conditions of working solution temperature is 30 DEG C~65 DEG C, processing time 30min is to get to 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces Al2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics film layer.
The 6061 Al alloy parts sizes are 50mm × 100mm × 1mm.
The working solution is mixed by deionized water, sodium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate, dipotassium tetraborate；The working solution A concentration of 3.5g/L of middle sodium hydroxide；A concentration of 4.5g/L of sodium metasilicate in the working solution；Four in the working solution A concentration of 5g/L of potassium borate.
The present embodiment working solution initial temperature is 30 DEG C, 65 DEG C of maximum temperature in the course of work.
6061 aluminum alloy surface Al manufactured in the present embodiment2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics thicknesses of layers is 35 μm~38 μm, Bending strength is 250.13MPa, fracture toughness 2.12MPam1/2；Dipotassium tetraborate and other boracic chemical combination are free of in working solution Object under other technological parameter the same terms, obtains the bending resistance of the common 6061 aluminum alloy differential arc oxidation film layer of identical thicknesses of layers Intensity is 208.44MPa, fracture toughness 1.75MPam1/2.As it can be seen that compared with common 6061 aluminum alloy differential arc oxidation film layer, 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al2O3-AlB12The bending strength of composite ceramics film layer improves 20%, and fracture toughness improves 21%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer be by It is carried out according to following steps：
Using 6061 Al alloy parts as anode, using the stainless steel plate of electrolytic cell as cathode, anode is immersed in working solution, Then apply Bipolar pulse power between a cathode and an anode, and be 50V, forward voltage end value in forward voltage initial value For 580V, backward voltage initial value is 20V, backward voltage end value is 85V, current density 15A/dm2, frequency is 1250Hz, under conditions of working solution temperature is 20 DEG C~65 DEG C, processing time 40min is to get to 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces Al2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics film layer.
The 6061 Al alloy parts sizes are 40mm × 75mm × 1mm.
The working solution is mixed by deionized water, sodium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate, glycerine and dipotassium tetraborate；It is described Working solution in sodium hydroxide a concentration of 2.25g/L；A concentration of 4.5g/L of sodium metasilicate in the working solution；The work Make a concentration of 40mL/L of glycerine in liquid；A concentration of 10g/L of dipotassium tetraborate in the working solution；
The present embodiment working solution initial temperature is 20 DEG C, 65 DEG C of maximum temperature in the course of work.
6061 aluminum alloy surface Al manufactured in the present embodiment2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics thicknesses of layers is 55 μm~57 μm, Bending strength is 277.65MPa, fracture toughness 2.77MPam1/2；Dipotassium tetraborate and other boracics are free of in working solution Object is closed, under other technological parameter the same terms, obtains the anti-of the common 6061 aluminum alloy differential arc oxidation film layer of identical thicknesses of layers Curved intensity is 223.91MPa, fracture toughness 2.25MPam1/2.As it can be seen that with common 6061 aluminum alloy differential arc oxidation film layer phase Than 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al2O3-AlB12The bending strength of composite ceramics film layer improves 24%, and fracture toughness improves 23%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer be by It is carried out according to following steps：
Using 6061 Al alloy parts as anode, using the stainless steel plate of electrolytic cell as cathode, anode is immersed in working solution, Then apply Bipolar pulse power between a cathode and an anode, and be 50V, forward voltage end value in forward voltage initial value For 600V, backward voltage initial value is 20V, backward voltage end value is 88V, current density 16A/dm2, frequency 800Hz, Under conditions of working solution temperature is 35 DEG C~80 DEG C, processing time 48min is to get to 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al2O3-AlB12 Composite ceramics film layer.
The 6061 Al alloy parts sizes are 50mm × 60mm × 2mm.
The working solution is mixed by deionized water, potassium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate, dipotassium tetraborate, sodium aluminate；Described A concentration of 3.5g/L of potassium hydroxide in working solution；A concentration of 3g/L of sodium metasilicate in the working solution；The working solution A concentration of 15g/L of middle dipotassium tetraborate；A concentration of 3.5g/L of sodium aluminate in the working solution.
The present embodiment working solution initial temperature is 35 DEG C, 80 DEG C of maximum temperature in the course of work.
6061 aluminum alloy surface Al manufactured in the present embodiment2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics thicknesses of layers is 70 μm~73 μm, Bending strength is 433.57MPa, fracture toughness 3.69MPam1/2；Dipotassium tetraborate and other boracic chemical combination are free of in working solution Object under other technological parameter the same terms, obtains the bending resistance of the common 6061 aluminum alloy differential arc oxidation film layer of identical thicknesses of layers Intensity is 336.10MPa, fracture toughness 2.88MPam1/2.As it can be seen that compared with common 6061 aluminum alloy differential arc oxidation film layer, 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al2O3-AlB12The bending strength of composite ceramics film layer improves 29%, and fracture toughness improves 28%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer be by It is carried out according to following steps：
Using 6061 Al alloy parts as anode, using the stainless steel plate of electrolytic cell as cathode, anode is immersed in working solution, Then apply Bipolar pulse power between a cathode and an anode, and be 50V, forward voltage end value in forward voltage initial value For 620V, backward voltage initial value is 20V, backward voltage end value is 95V, current density 20A/dm2, frequency 800Hz, Under conditions of working solution temperature is 20 DEG C~80 DEG C, processing time 55min is to get to 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al2O3-AlB12 Composite ceramics film layer.
The 6061 Al alloy parts sizes are 50mm × 100mm × 2mm.
The working solution is mixed by deionized water, potassium hydroxide, potassium silicate, dipotassium tetraborate, sodium metaaluminate；It is described Working solution in potassium hydroxide a concentration of 3.5g/L；A concentration of 6.5g/L of potassium silicate in the working solution；The work Make a concentration of 20g/L of dipotassium tetraborate in liquid；A concentration of 3.5g/L of sodium metaaluminate.
The present embodiment working solution initial temperature is 20 DEG C, 80 DEG C of maximum temperature in the course of work.
6061 aluminum alloy surface Al manufactured in the present embodiment2O3-AlB12Composite ceramics thicknesses of layers is 76 μm~80 μm, Bending strength is 431.31MPa, fracture toughness 3.58MPam1/2；Working solution is free of dipotassium tetraborate and other boracic chemical combination Object under other technological parameter the same terms, obtains the bending resistance of the common 6061 aluminum alloy differential arc oxidation film layer of identical thicknesses of layers Intensity is 324.30MPa, fracture toughness 2.71MPam1/2.As it can be seen that compared with common 6061 aluminum alloy differential arc oxidation film layer 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al2O3-AlB12The bending strength of composite ceramics film layer improves 33%, and fracture toughness improves 32%.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer, feature It is, follows the steps below：
Using 6061 Al alloy parts as anode, using the stainless steel plate of electrolytic cell as cathode, equipped with prepared in advance in electrolytic cell Anode is immersed in working solution by working solution, and is only connected by working solution between workpiece and electrolytic cell, cannot be contacted with each other Or it is connected with other conductors.Then between a cathode and an anode apply bipolar pulse electricity, and forward voltage be 50V~ 620V, backward voltage are 20V~95V, current density 10A/dm2~20A/dm2, frequency is 800Hz~2000Hz, is being worked Under conditions of liquid temperature is 20 DEG C~80 DEG C, processing 30min~60min is to get to 6061 aluminum alloy surface Al2O3-AlB12It is multiple Ceramic film is closed, wherein the working solution includes the inorganic salts of dipotassium tetraborate, water and at least one or two or more, alkali or organic Alcohol keeps a concentration of 5-20g/L of the dipotassium tetraborate in working solution.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the working solution is by dipotassium tetraborate, water and inorganic Salt forms；Or the working solution is made of dipotassium tetraborate, water and alkali；Or the working solution is by dipotassium tetraborate, water and organic Alcohol forms；Or the working solution is made of dipotassium tetraborate, water, Organic Alcohol and inorganic salts；Or the working solution is by tetraboric acid Potassium, water, Organic Alcohol and alkali composition；Or the working solution is made of dipotassium tetraborate, water, alkali and inorganic salts；Or the work Liquid is made of dipotassium tetraborate, water, Organic Alcohol, alkali and inorganic salts.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the water is deionized water；The inorganic salts For one or more of silicate, phosphate, tungstates, molybdate or aluminate；The Organic Alcohol is methanol, second One or more of alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerine or isopropanol；The alkali is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, hydroxide One or more of lithium or barium hydroxide.
CN201810615045.8A 2018-06-14 2018-06-14 A kind of aluminum alloy surface Al based on dipotassium tetraborate2O3-AlB12The preparation method of composite ceramics film layer Pending CN108754564A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021031548A1 (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-25 大连理工大学 Electrolyte for preparing hierarchical structure porous coating on titanium alloy surface by micro-arc oxidation

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104087996A (en) * 2014-07-28 2014-10-08 吕鹏翔 Aluminum alloy surface easy-cleaning micro-arc oxidation ceramic membrane layer and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104087996A (en) * 2014-07-28 2014-10-08 吕鹏翔 Aluminum alloy surface easy-cleaning micro-arc oxidation ceramic membrane layer and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021031548A1 (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-02-25 大连理工大学 Electrolyte for preparing hierarchical structure porous coating on titanium alloy surface by micro-arc oxidation

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Application publication date: 20181106