CN108753434A - A method of preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material - Google Patents
A method of preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108753434A CN108753434A CN201810618995.6A CN201810618995A CN108753434A CN 108753434 A CN108753434 A CN 108753434A CN 201810618995 A CN201810618995 A CN 201810618995A CN 108753434 A CN108753434 A CN 108753434A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- kitchen waste
- waste material
- biodiesel
- method preparing
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
A method of biodiesel being prepared with kitchen waste material, the present invention relates to a kind of production methods preparing biodiesel from grease, food wastes and related waste oil.Technical scheme is as follows：A method of biodiesel being prepared with kitchen waste material, the method includes the following steps：（1）Degumming process is carried out to removing the feedstock oil of solid impurity and water in kitchen waste material；（2）Produce fatty acid methyl ester；（3）The crude product removal of impurities.The beneficial effects of the present invention are be suitble to Hongkong to have the characteristics that the processing of high oil content and the kitchen waste oil of high animal tallow content, extract the biodiesel for meeting EN14214 standards.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production methods preparing biodiesel from grease, food wastes and related waste oil.
Background technology
Food refuse is a serious problem in Hong Kong, and 2012, the food waste more than 3000 tons was taken as city
Solid Waste Treatment, and thrown aside daily in landfill, since the space in Hong Kong is limited, will no longer be in landfill yard dumping
A kind of sustainable scheme.Therefore, recycling castoff prepares a kind of feasible program that value product is process problem.
Biodiesel is one of the value-added product obtained from food garbage, such as used edible oil in restaurant and hotel
It is to produce the raw material of biodiesel with the greasy waste come is detached from castoff.All over the world from clean feedstock oil
The technology for preparing biodiesel is quite ripe, but these technologies are not indigenous, so these technologies are not needles
To the optimisation technique of Hong Kong food waste oil.The eating habit of the high meat diet in Hong Kong causes the waste oil of recycling to have high oil content and height
The characteristics of animal tallow content, if obtaining high yield, the biodiesel of high-purity from these complicated food wastes, it is necessary to
It modifies to the operating condition of production process.
Biodiesel is that triglycerides carries out ester exchange reaction generation with methanol under alkalinity or acidic catalyst effect
Fatty acid methyl ester：
。
The edible oil sold on the market is all by refining, so general impurity content is very low.Directly using pure edible
When oil carries out ester exchange reaction, feedstock oil can also obtain the Fatty acid methyl ester of high yield in the case of not needing pre-treatment, and
It only need to simply post-process, such as wash, just can obtain the biodiesel of high quality.But edible oil understands quilt after cooking
The animal tallow recontamination of meat；The cooking method of high temperature can also accelerate the degradation of oil.So due to useless edible from what is be collected locally
Oil and greasy waste have the characteristics that high acid value, high water content and impurity are more.Therefore, qualification is mass produced in Hong Kong（Europe
Continent standard EN14214）Biodiesel, to the production line of the pretreatment of source oil and crude product purifying, to modify be very necessary
's.
Invention content
For the defect for overcoming mentioned above, the present invention provides a kind of use kitchen waste material preparation of the suitable Hongkong of modification
The method of biodiesel：The production process of modified biodiesel includes degumming to remove colloid, and alkalinity is used under ultrasound
Catalyst carries out ester exchange reaction, and the residual free fatty of alkali refining process removal coarse biodiesel and vacuum distillation extract symbol
Close the biodiesel of EN14214 standards.
The present invention is as follows：
Step 1：The kitchen waste material of collection first passes through filtering removal solid impurity；
Step 2：For liquid-liquid separation except removal waste water, resulting oil is the feedstock oil for preparing biodiesel；
Step 3：Feedstock oil needs to be handled by degumming tech, contains phosphatide and other impurities to remove（Calcium, magnesium, iron,
Equal trace meters）The colloid mixed.
The lipid that the hydrophily phosphate head that phosphatide is connected by two hydrophobic fat acid tails with by glycerol molecule forms,
Colloid is the substance that must be driven off in crude oil, because colloid can cause：
1 so that feedstock oil emulsifies；
2, it can be hydrolyzed in alkaline medium, with transesterification response competition；
3, the presence of colloid increases workload and reagent in production line.
Using 85% concentrated phosphoric acid, dosage is the 0.4%-0.7% of feedstock oil oil weight, preferably 0.5%, stirring, make concentrated phosphoric acid and
Feedstock oil is thoroughly mixed, and effect is by non-hydratable phospholipid（NHP）Become hydrated form；Then sodium-chloride water solution exist and
It is stirred under mild heat (50-60 DEG C), so that hydrated phospholipid is settled, degummed oil is obtained by liquid-liquid separation after standing overnight.
Step 4：Transesterification reactor is transferred to produce fatty acid methyl ester after degummed oil（FAME）:Theoretically
It says, ester exchange reaction needs the methanol and 1 mole of source oil of 3 molar equivalents, but excessive methanol used herein comes really
Protect the completion of reaction：The amount of methanol used depends on the selection of basic catalyst, and the 6-10 molar equivalents of generally crude oil differ.
The catalyst of addition is that homogeneous and heterogeneous basic catalyst can be used as ester such as the oxide of potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide and calcium
The catalyst of exchange reaction.For more preferable adequately reaction, the application carries out ester exchange reaction, ultrasonic wave using ultrasonic wave auxiliary
Power be 250-350W, frequency be 28-34 kHz, preferred power and frequency are set in 300W and 30kHz, the sky of ultrasonic wave
Change effect and improve mass transfer, conversion ratio, reaction rate, shortens the reaction time, improve product yield.The temperature of reaction controls
Best conversion effect is maintained at 55-60 DEG C, obtains diesel oil crude product.
Under basic catalyst effect, triglycerides, which prepares fatty acid methyl ester, can obtain very high conversion ratio.
Step 5：Crude product with water is cleaned to remove extra methanol, basic catalyst and glycerine.Due to feedstock oil acid value
Height, crude product also can be containing the aliphatic acid of high concentration, and in the case of high acid value, crude product needs to pass through sodium hydroxide solution
(a concentration of 10%, dosage is the 5% of oily weight) carries out alkali refining to reduce acid value, and the biodiesel after alkali refining is evaporated under reduced pressure
Obtain the biodiesel of high-quality.Distillation before crude product is bubbled with nitrogen, replace in air, later under nitrogen protection
It is evaporated under reduced pressure, can prevent under high temperature that biodiesel is by remaining air oxidation, the biological bavin of high-quality can be obtained
Oil.Pressure control is between -50 to -60kPa in distillation process.Fraction of the vapo(u)rizing temperature within the scope of 120-240 DEG C is collected,
It can obtain complying with standard EN14214（Fatty acid methyl ester is not less than 96.5%）Biodiesel oil product.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are be suitble to Hongkong to have the characteristics that the meal of high oil content and high animal tallow content
The processing of kitchen waste oil extracts the biodiesel for meeting EN14214 standards.
Specific implementation mode
This case is made further explanation With reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
（1）After collecting rubbish from cooking removing solid refuse and water, phosphoric acid degumming is carried out：Phosphoric acid（A concentration of 85%, the 0.5% of oily weight,
About 0.015 ton）It is mixed with feedstock oil（3 tons）With, stir 15 minutes, sodium chloride is added later（The 2% of Nacl oil weights, about 0.06
Ton）Water（The 30wt% of oil weight）Solution is heated to 50-60 DEG C, stirs 20 minutes.Rear water-oil separating is stood overnight, later degumming
Oil is heated to 105 DEG C, to remove remaining moisture, obtains degummed oil within dry 10 minutes.
（2）With potassium hydroxide（KOH）For the ester exchange reaction of catalyst：KOH（0.16 molar equivalent of degummed oil）And first
Alcohol（7 molar equivalents of degummed oil）It is first added in reactor after dissolving, degummed oil（3 tons）It is also added into reactor, super
Sound wave（30 kHz）, stirring and 55-60 DEG C at a temperature of, mixture carry out ester exchange reaction, reaction after sixty minutes, stand overnight,
Coarse biodiesel is separated from reaction mixture.
（3）The washing of coarse biodiesel：Water is added in crude product（50 DEG C, the 50% of weight of crude product）Stirring 30 minutes is stood
Biodiesel is separated from water after overnight.
（4）Alkali refining：NaOH solution is added in coarse biodiesel（10%, the 5% of weight of crude product）It is stirred at 30-40 DEG C
20 minutes.Mixture is further heated to 60-65 DEG C and stirs 20 minutes, and hot water is added（80 DEG C, the 1.7% of oily weight）, biological bavin
Oil reservoir detaches.It is again heated to 60-65 DEG C, uses hot water（80 DEG C, the 20% of oily weight）Stirring 5 minutes, standing separation water layer obtains
Biodiesel after alkali refining.
（5）Obtained fatty acid methyl ester is evaporated under reduced pressure（-58kPa）, under nitrogen protection, collect liquid phase vapo(u)rizing temperature
Fraction between 120-240 DEG C obtains complying with standard EN14214（Fatty acid methyl ester is not less than 96.5%）Biological bavin
Oil product.
Embodiment 2
Other reaction steps and embodiment 1 are identical, the difference lies in that transesterification of this case using sodium methoxide as catalyst is anti-
It answers：Sodium methoxide（0.12 molar equivalent of degummed oil）It is dissolved in methanol（6 molar equivalents of degummed oil）First it is added in reactor, it
Degummed oil afterwards（3 tons）It is added in reactor and the methanol solution of sodium methoxide mixes.In ultrasonic wave（30 kHz）, stirring and
At a temperature of 55-60 DEG C, reaction mixture carries out ester exchange reaction, and reaction after sixty minutes, is stood overnight, and coarse biodiesel is from reaction
It is separated in mixture, obtains complying with standard EN14214（Fatty acid methyl ester is not less than 96.5%）Biodiesel production
Product.
Embodiment 3
Other reaction steps and embodiment 1 are identical, the difference lies in that this case is with calcium oxide（CaO）For the transesterification of catalyst
Reaction.Calcium oxide（0.8 molar equivalent of degummed oil）With methanol（10 molar equivalents of degummed oil）After hybrid reaction 2.5 hours,
Degummed oil（3 tons）It is added to reactor and calcium oxide and methanol mixing.In ultrasonic wave（30 kHz）, stir and 55-60 DEG C of temperature
Under degree, reaction mixture carries out ester exchange reaction, after reacting 3 hours, stands overnight.Coarse biodiesel divides from reaction mixture
It separates out and, obtain complying with standard EN14214（Fatty acid methyl ester is not less than 96.5%）Biodiesel oil product.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material, which is characterized in that the method includes the following steps：
（1）Degumming process is carried out to removing the feedstock oil of solid impurity and water in kitchen waste material：Concentrated phosphoric acid is added into feedstock oil
Non-hydratable phospholipid in crude oil is become into hydrated form, sodium chloride solution is added and sedimentation point is carried out to the phosphatide of hydrated form
From obtaining degummed oil；
（2）Produce fatty acid methyl ester：Methanol is added into degummed oil, while basic catalyst is added and carries out ester exchange reaction, obtains
To diesel oil crude product；
（3）The crude product removal of impurities purification：Alkali-refining deacidification is carried out to crude product, then is being evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain final product
Biodiesel, first removes the air in crude product before distillation, fraction of the collection vapo(u)rizing temperature within the scope of 120-240 DEG C to get
To biodiesel.
2. a kind of method preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（1）In,
The usage amount of concentrated phosphoric acid is the 0.4%-0.7% of raw material weight of oil.
3. a kind of method preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material as claimed in claim, which is characterized in that step（1）Degumming
It is heated when processing, heating temperature is 50-60 DEG C.
4. a kind of method preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（2）In
The molar ratio of methanol and degummed oil is（6-10）:1.
5. a kind of method preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（2）In
Basic catalyst be potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide and/or calcium oxide.
6. a kind of method preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（2）In
It is aided with ultrasonic wave when producing fatty acid methyl ester, the power of ultrasonic wave is 250-350W, and frequency is 28-34 kHz.
7. a kind of method preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（2）In
It is aided with heat treatment when producing fatty acid methyl ester, temperature is maintained 55-60 DEG C.
8. a kind of method preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（3）In
Alkali refining use a concentration of 10% sodium hydroxide solution, dosage is that oil weight is 4-6%.
9. a kind of method preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step（3）In
Vacuum distillation pressure control between -50 to -60kPa.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810618995.6A CN108753434A (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | A method of preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810618995.6A CN108753434A (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | A method of preparing biodiesel with kitchen waste material |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112175744A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-05 | 湖北天基生物能源科技发展有限公司 | Method for preparing biodiesel from high-acid-value kitchen waste grease |
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| CN101906355A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2010-12-08 | 北京昊业怡生科技有限公司 | Method for preparing biodiesel by utilizing food waste recycling oil |
| CN102465058A (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 朱建军 | Production process for preparing biodiesel |
| CN105925382A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-09-07 | 南通蛇类治疗研究所 | Production technology of anion filtered biological environment-friendly diesel from waste cooking oil ore |
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- 2018-06-15 CN CN201810618995.6A patent/CN108753434A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101906355A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2010-12-08 | 北京昊业怡生科技有限公司 | Method for preparing biodiesel by utilizing food waste recycling oil |
| CN102465058A (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 朱建军 | Production process for preparing biodiesel |
| CN105925382A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-09-07 | 南通蛇类治疗研究所 | Production technology of anion filtered biological environment-friendly diesel from waste cooking oil ore |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112175744A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-05 | 湖北天基生物能源科技发展有限公司 | Method for preparing biodiesel from high-acid-value kitchen waste grease |
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Effective date of registration: 20210819 Address after: Room 515-516, 5th floor, Shanghu building, 8 science and technology Avenue West, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, China Applicant after: NANO AND ADVANCED MATERIALS INSTITUTE Ltd. Address before: 18 / F, 18 Huaxin Street, Kwai Chung, New Territories, Hong Kong, China Applicant before: WORLD HOUSEWARE PRODUCING Co.,Ltd. |
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