CN108749025B - Method for manufacturing U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced component - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced component Download PDFInfo
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- CN108749025B CN108749025B CN201810502632.6A CN201810502632A CN108749025B CN 108749025 B CN108749025 B CN 108749025B CN 201810502632 A CN201810502632 A CN 201810502632A CN 108749025 B CN108749025 B CN 108749025B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite integrated reinforced component, which is used in the technical field of airplane assembly and manufacturing, adopts a main mold with a female mold structure, adopts a detachable left petal mold, a detachable right petal mold and a detachable lower petal mold combined structure, and comprises the following steps: A) preparing a soft mold; B) preparing a skin; C) combining; D) molding; E) and demolding to obtain the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced part. The invention solves the problems that the U-shaped composite material reinforced component can not be integrally processed due to small processing operation space of the inner surface of the integrated mould and the U-shaped composite material reinforced component after processing and curing is easy to be separated from the mould. The invention is used for integrally forming the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced component, and is particularly suitable for forming the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced component with a complex structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aircraft assembly and manufacturing, in particular to a method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite integrated reinforced component.
Background
The integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced part structure is a structure form preferentially selected by aerospace vehicles, has the advantages of small number of parts, few connecting pieces, high structure efficiency and weight ratio, long structure fatigue life and the like, and is generally manufactured by adopting a structure form of a female die forming die, namely the outer surface of the U-shaped part is a die attaching surface. Because the aerospace vehicle is longer in size and smaller in size in the circumferential direction, the processing operation space of the inner surface of the integrated mold is small, even the inner surface of the integrated mold cannot be processed, the U-shaped part is difficult to be separated from the mold after being cured and molded, and the integral air tightness of the mold cannot be ensured if the U-shaped part is welded after being processed in a sectional mode. In addition, the U-shaped member has a small internal space, the ribs are difficult to position, and the ribs have large positional deviation and poor straightness after the member is cured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced component, which adopts a main mould which is a female mould and has a detachable combined structure, and simultaneously carries out preprocessing molding in a mode of respectively processing a soft mould and a skin, and then carries out vacuum-autoclave molding, thereby solving the problems that the U-shaped composite material reinforced component cannot be processed integrally and the processed and cured U-shaped composite material reinforced component is easy to be separated from the mould because the processing operation space of the inner surface of the integrated mould is small.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for manufacturing the U-shaped composite integrated reinforced component is used for vacuum hot press molding of the integrated U-shaped composite reinforced component, the U-shaped composite reinforced component comprises a U-shaped area and L-shaped areas symmetrically arranged at two sides of the U-shaped area, and the method comprises the following steps:
A) preparing a soft mold: preparing an L-shaped piece soft die by adopting an L-shaped piece soft die forming die, and preparing a U-shaped inner skin soft die by adopting a U-shaped inner skin soft die forming die;
B) preparing a skin: preparing a U-shaped outer skin by forming a U-shaped main die, preparing an L-shaped piece by forming an L-shaped piece by using a spreading and stacking die, and preparing a U-shaped inner skin by forming a U-shaped inner skin by using a spreading and stacking die;
C) combining: laying ribs on a U-shaped outer skin laid in the U-shaped main die, laying a U-shaped inner skin and an L-shaped piece, laying a U-shaped inner skin soft die on the U-shaped inner skin, and laying an L-shaped piece soft die on the L-shaped piece;
D) the method comprises the following steps Molding: packaging an inner vacuum bag in the U-shaped main mold, and curing and molding in a hot-pressing tank after packaging;
E) the method comprises the following steps Demolding: and after curing and forming, dismantling the auxiliary materials required by curing, removing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold and the L-shaped part soft mold, and taking out the product from the U-shaped main mold to obtain the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforcement component.
The mould adopted by the invention comprises a U-shaped main mould, a laying mould and a soft mould forming mould, wherein the U-shaped main mould is used for forming the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced part; the U-shaped composite material reinforced component comprises a U-shaped area positioned in the middle and L-shaped areas which are arranged on two sides of the U-shaped area in a mirror symmetry mode.
The U-shaped main die comprises a right flap die, a left flap die and a lower flap die, the right flap die, the left flap die and the lower flap die form a U-shaped section, the lower flap die is a support of the U-shaped main die, and the left flap die and the right flap die are detachably connected to two ends of the lower flap die respectively; the inner profile of the U-shaped main die is determined according to the theoretical appearance of the U-shaped composite material reinforced part; the paving and stacking die comprises a U-shaped inner skin paving and stacking die and an L-shaped part paving and stacking die; the soft die forming die comprises a U-shaped inner skin soft die forming die for manufacturing the U-shaped inner skin soft die and an L-shaped piece soft die forming die for manufacturing the L-shaped piece soft die.
The working profile of the L-shaped part stacking die and the working profile of the L-shaped part soft die forming die are determined according to the theoretical appearance of the inner surface of the L-shaped area of the U-shaped composite material reinforcement component, namely the working profiles of the L-shaped part stacking die and the L-shaped part soft die forming die are matched with the shape of the inner surface of the L-shaped area of the U-shaped composite material reinforcement component; the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin overlaying die and the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin soft die forming die are determined according to the theoretical appearance of the inner surface of the U-shaped area of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component, namely the working profiles of the U-shaped inner skin overlaying die and the U-shaped inner skin soft die forming die are matched with the shape of the inner surface of the U-shaped area of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component.
The combined structure of the U-shaped main die is as follows: the U-shaped main die is formed by detachably combining a left valve plate, a right valve plate and a lower valve plate. The left valve, the right valve and the lower valve are independently processed, so that the problem that the inner surface of the die cannot be processed due to the fact that the processing operation space of the inner surface of the integrated die is small is solved.
Preferably, the left valve mold and the right valve mold are respectively and fixedly positioned with the lower valve mold through detachable positioning nails. The vacuum sealing areas for packaging and sealing the vacuum bag are arranged at the joints of the left valve mold, the right valve mold and the lower valve mold, so that the molds are not required to be connected into a whole by welding, and the problem of welding deformation of the molds is solved. Meanwhile, the vacuum sealing area is adopted to seal the joints of the left valve and the lower valve of the U-shaped main die, the joints of the right valve and the lower valve of the U-shaped main die, air leakage is avoided, and the problem of poor air tightness of the combined U-shaped main die is solved. The U-shaped positioning block is detachably arranged on the working molded surface of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die through the positioning nail and is used for positioning in the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming process.
Furthermore, a rib positioning bracket is arranged on the U-shaped main die; one end of the rib positioning support is detachably connected with the left valve mould or the right valve mould, and the other end of the rib positioning support is detachably connected with the U-shaped inner skin soft mould manufactured by the U-shaped inner skin soft mould forming mould. The rib positioning bracket realizes accurate positioning of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold in the forming process of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component, so that the position of the reinforced rib in a product is accurate and the appearance of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component is not easy to deform.
Preferably, the rib positioning support comprises a left support and a right support which are symmetrically arranged at the upper ends of the left flap mold and the right flap mold respectively, one end, away from the U-shaped main mold, of the left support is detachably connected with the left side face of the working molded surface of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold, and one end, away from the U-shaped main mold, of the right support is detachably connected with the right side face of the working molded surface of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold.
The rib positioning support is detachably connected with the U-shaped main die and the U-shaped inner skin soft die through positioning nails.
The U-shaped main die, the laying die and the software forming die are all of frame-template type structures, and the frame-template type structures are that the U-shaped main die, the laying die and the software forming die are all composed of frames and templates sleeved outside the frames. The use of a frame-and-form construction improves the ventilation of the mould and reduces the weight.
Preferably, the method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite integrated stiffened component comprises the steps of:
A) preparing a soft mold: laying two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg on the working surface of a U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming mold, packaging a vacuum bag, and then vulcanizing and forming in a hot pressing tank to obtain a U-shaped inner skin soft mold; laying and pasting two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg on the working surface of an L-shaped piece soft mold forming mold, and carrying out vulcanization forming in a hot pressing tank after packaging a vacuum bag to obtain an L-shaped piece soft mold;
B) preparing a skin: arranging a sealing vacuum bag in a vacuum sealing area on the lower flap mold, positioning and fastening the left flap mold and the right flap mold with the lower flap mold through positioning nails, laying skin on the inner surface of the U-shaped main mold by using a dipping material, then packaging the vacuum bag and performing pre-pressing forming in a hot-pressing tank to obtain a U-shaped outer skin;
laying a skin on the working molded surface of the L-shaped part laying mold by using a dipping material, then packaging a vacuum bag, pre-pressing and forming in a hot pressing tank, and repeating the process to obtain two L-shaped parts;
laying skins on the working molded surface of the U-shaped inner skin laying mold by using a dipping material, then packaging a vacuum bag, and performing pre-pressing molding on the vacuum bag in an autoclave to obtain the U-shaped inner skin;
C) combining: then taking down the U-shaped inner skin from the U-shaped inner skin stacking die and placing the U-shaped inner skin in a U-shaped main die, installing a rib positioning support on a left section die or/and a right section die and screwing down a positioning nail to fix the accurate position of the U-shaped inner skin, and placing a U-shaped inner skin soft die on the U-shaped inner skin to ensure that the two sides are symmetrically reserved with the placing position of an L-shaped piece; taking down the two L-shaped pieces, symmetrically arranging the two L-shaped pieces on two sides of the U-shaped inner skin in opposite directions, and arranging an L-shaped piece soft die on the L-shaped pieces; pressing and attaching the U-shaped inner skin soft mold and the L-shaped piece soft mold; clamping the ribs between the U-shaped outer skin and the L-shaped piece and the U-shaped skin;
D) molding: an inner vacuum bag is packaged in the U-shaped main die, an outer vacuum bag is packaged at the connecting positions of the left valve mould and the lower valve mould and the connecting positions of the right valve mould and the lower valve mould, and the outer vacuum bag and the inner vacuum bag are bonded together; curing and molding in a hot-pressing tank after packaging;
E) demolding: after curing, dismantling the auxiliary materials and the rib positioning support required by curing, removing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold and the L-shaped piece soft mold, loosening the positioning nails, disassembling the left flap mold and the right flap mold, separating the product from the left flap mold and the right flap mold, and taking the product out of the main mold to obtain the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced component.
Further, in the step a), the forming process conditions of the inner skin soft mold and the L-shaped piece soft mold in the autoclave are as follows: the temperature is 175-185 ℃, the time is 90-120 min, the pressure is 0.40-0.70 MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
Further, in the step B), the forming process conditions of the U-shaped outer skin, the L-shaped member and the U-shaped inner skin in the autoclave are as follows: the temperature is less than 90 ℃, the time is less than 30min, the pressure is 0.10 MPa-0.40 MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
Further, the smoothness of the matching surface of the left valve and the lower valve is not lower than Ra1.6; the smooth finish of the matching surface of the right flap mold and the lower flap mold is not lower than Ra1.6, and the smooth finish of the working molded surface of the U-shaped main mold, the laying mold and the soft mold forming mold is not lower than Ra1.6. The air tightness of the U-shaped main die, the paving and stacking die and the soft die forming die is not more than-0.093 MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for manufacturing the U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced component adopts the female die structure, and the U-shaped main die adopts the detachable combined structure, so that the problems that the U-shaped composite material reinforced component cannot be integrally processed and the U-shaped composite material reinforced component after processing and curing is easy to be separated from the die due to small processing operation space of the inner surface of the integrated die are solved.
(2) The method for manufacturing the U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced component adopts the frame-template type structure, improves the ventilation of the mold and reduces the weight.
(3) The method for manufacturing the U-shaped composite material integrated reinforcement component provided by the invention adopts the vacuum sealing area provided with the packaging vacuum bag for sealing, avoids air leakage, solves the problem of poor air tightness of the combined type U-shaped main mold, and simultaneously adopts the positioning nails for detachable connection, so that the molds do not need to be welded and connected into a whole, and the problem of welding deformation of the molds is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial view of a U-shaped integrated composite stiffened component made according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the composite part shown in FIG. 1 made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the components of FIG. 2 made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a U-shaped master mold of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the components of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a soft mold forming die for an L-shaped member according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an L-shaped piece lay-up die of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a U-shaped inner skin lay-up mold of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a soft mold for making a U-shaped inner skin according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a soft mold for an L-shaped article made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a soft mold for making L-shaped pieces;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the lay-up of the U-shaped outer skin;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the lay-up of L-shaped pieces;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the laid up U-shaped inner skin;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the assembled general state;
in the figure: 100-U-shaped composite material reinforced part, 101-L-shaped area, 102-U-shaped area, 1-right flap mold, 2-left flap mold, 3-lower flap mold, 5-U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming mold, 6-vacuum sealing area, 8-template, 9-frame, 10-U-shaped inner skin soft mold, 11-U-shaped positioning block, 12-L-shaped piece soft mold, 13-U-shaped outer skin, 14-L-shaped piece, 15-L-shaped piece soft mold forming mold, 16-U-shaped inner skin, 17-rib positioning support, 18-L-shaped piece laying and stacking mold, 19-U-shaped inner skin laying and stacking mold, and 21-vacuum bag sealing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The working profiles mentioned in the present invention are the surfaces of the moulds used in the present invention when laying up the prepreg or prepreg as well as the surfaces of the moulds used in the moulding process. The theoretical outer shape referred to in the present invention means the theoretical size and shape of the integrated U-shaped composite reinforcement member 100 to be formed and the mold used for forming the U-shaped composite reinforcement member 100, that is, the size and shape on the design drawing.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 4 to 11, a method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite integrated reinforced member includes a U-shaped main mold, a lay-up mold, and a soft mold for molding the integrated U-shaped composite reinforced member 100; the U-shaped composite material stiffening element 100 comprises a U-shaped zone 102 in the middle and L-shaped zones 101 arranged mirror-symmetrically on both sides of the U-shaped zone 102.
The U-shaped main die comprises a right split die 1, a left split die 2 and a lower split die 3, the sections of the right split die 1, the left split die 2 and the lower split die 3 are U-shaped, the lower split die 3 is a support of the U-shaped main die, and the left split die 2 and the right split die 1 are detachably connected to two ends of the lower split die 3 respectively; the inner profile of the U-shaped main die is determined according to the theoretical appearance of the U-shaped composite material reinforcement component 100; wherein the paving and stacking die comprises a U-shaped inner skin paving and stacking die 19 and an L-shaped part paving and stacking die 18; wherein, the soft mould forming mould comprises a U-shaped inner skin soft mould forming mould 5 for manufacturing the U-shaped inner skin soft mould 10 and an L-shaped piece soft mould forming mould 15 for manufacturing the L-shaped piece 14 soft mould.
The working profile of the L-shaped member stacking die 18 and the working profile of the L-shaped soft die 12 forming die are determined according to the theoretical profile of the inner surface of the L-shaped region 101 of the U-shaped composite material reinforced member 100, and the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin stacking die 19 and the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin soft die forming die 5 are determined according to the theoretical profile of the inner surface of the U-shaped region 102 of the U-shaped composite material reinforced member 100.
Namely, the working profile of the L-shaped member lay-up die 18 is in accordance with the shape of the inner surface of the L-shaped region 101 of the U-shaped composite reinforcement member 100, and the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin lay-up die 19 is in accordance with the shape of the inner surface of the U-shaped region 102 of the U-shaped composite reinforcement member 100; the shape of the working profile of the L-shaped soft mold forming die 15 is consistent with the shape of the inner surface of the L-shaped area 101 of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component 100; the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die 5 is matched with the shape of the inner surface of the U-shaped area 102 of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component 100.
The combined structure of the U-shaped main die is as follows: the U-shaped main die is formed by detachably combining a left split die 2, a right split die 1 and a lower split die 3. The left valve mold 2, the right valve mold 1 and the lower valve mold 3 are independently processed, and the problem that the inner surface of the mold cannot be processed due to the fact that the processing operation space of the inner surface of the integrated mold is small is solved.
Preferably, left lamella mould 2, right lamella mould 1 respectively through detachable location nail with lower lamella mould 3 fastening position, make the mould need not adopt welded connection as an organic whole, have solved the mould because the problem of welding deformation.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforcement member 100 manufactured by the present invention includes a U-shaped section 102 in the middle and L-shaped sections 101 arranged at both sides of the U-shaped section 102 in mirror symmetry. The L-shaped part stacking die 18 is used for obtaining the L-shaped part 14 through stacking and pre-pressing forming in advance, and the U-shaped outer skin 13 is obtained through stacking and pre-pressing forming of the U-shaped main die. The U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die 5 and the L-shaped piece soft mold forming die 15 are used for preparing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10 and the L-shaped piece 14 soft mold. The U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10 and the L-shaped member 14 soft mold are used for molding the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced member 100 to be placed on the U-shaped inner skin 16 and the L-shaped member 14, respectively, for positioning and molding. Therefore, the working profile, i.e., the inner surface, of the U-shaped main mold coincides with the outer surface of the U-shaped composite material reinforcement member 100; the working profile of the L-shaped piece stacking die 18 is consistent with the inner surface of the L-shaped area 101 of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component 100; the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin overlaying die 19 is consistent with the inner surface of the U-shaped area 102 of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component 100; the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die 5 is determined by the inner surface of the U-shaped area 102 of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component 100, which is the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin overlaying die 19; the working profile of the forming die of the L-shaped soft die 12 is determined by the inner surface of the L-shaped zone 101 of the U-shaped composite material reinforcement member 100, which is the working profile of the L-shaped member lay-up die 18.
The forming method of the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced component 100 specifically comprises the following steps:
A) the method comprises the following steps Making soft moulds
A1: preparing a U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10: as shown in fig. 10, two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg are laid on the working surface of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die 5, and the vacuum bag is encapsulated and then vulcanized and formed in an autoclave. The process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 175 ℃, the time is 120min, the pressure is 0.40MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
Preferably, a U-shaped positioning block 11 is detachably arranged in the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die 5. Preferably, two ends of the U-shaped positioning block 11 are fixed on the templates 8 at two ends of the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die 5 through positioning nails, so that the rubber sheets and the prepreg which are laid on the templates are fixed on the working profile and do not deform in the vulcanization forming process;
a2: preparing a soft mold for the L-shaped piece 14: as shown in fig. 11, two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg are laid on the working surface of the L-shaped soft mold forming die 15, and the vacuum bag is packaged and then vulcanized and formed in a hot-pressing tank. The process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 175 ℃, the time is 120min, the pressure is 0.40MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
B) Preparing the skin
B1: combining a U-shaped main die: as shown in fig. 4, a left split mold 2, a right split mold 1 and a lower split mold 3 of the U-shaped main mold are tightly combined together by a fastener; when the left split mold 2, the right split mold 1 and the lower split mold 3 of the U-shaped main mold are positioned and fastened through the positioning nails, the positioning nails need to be screwed down;
b2: and (3) laying and forming the U-shaped outer skin 13: as shown in fig. 12, a skin is laid on the inner surface of the U-shaped main mold by using a dipping material, and then pre-pressed and formed in an autoclave after a vacuum bag is encapsulated; the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 70 ℃, the time is 26min, the pressure is 0.10MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process;
b3: l-shaped pieces 14 are laid and formed: as shown in fig. 13, a skin is laid on the working profile of the L-shaped piece laying die 18 by using a dipping material, and then the skin is pre-pressed and formed in an autoclave after a vacuum bag is sealed; the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 70 ℃, the time is 26min, the pressure is 0.10MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process; this process is repeated to provide two L-shaped pieces 14;
b4: and (3) laying and forming the U-shaped inner skin 16: as shown in fig. 14, a U-shaped inner skin laying mold 19 is used for laying skin on the working profile of the skin, then a vacuum bag is packaged, and then the skin is pre-pressed and formed in an autoclave; the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 70 ℃, the time is 26min, the pressure is 0.10MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process;
C) combination of
C1: combination of integrated U-shaped composite reinforcement member 100: laying ribs on the U-shaped outer skin 13 prepared by B2, then placing the U-shaped inner skin 16 prepared by B4 in the middle of the U-shaped outer skin 13 in the U-shaped main die, and placing the U-shaped inner skin soft die 10 on the U-shaped inner skin 16, so that the placing positions of the L-shaped pieces 14 are reserved on two sides symmetrically; taking down the two L-shaped pieces 14 prepared by B3, symmetrically placing the two L-shaped pieces on two sides of the U-shaped inner skin 16 in opposite directions, and placing the soft mold of the L-shaped pieces 14 on the L-shaped pieces 14; pressing and jointing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10 and the L-shaped piece 14 soft mold; the ribs are clamped between the U-shaped outer skin 13 and the L-shaped piece 14, the U-shaped skin;
D) shaping of
D1: molding of the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforcement member 100: an inner vacuum bag is packaged in the U-shaped main die, an outer vacuum bag is packaged at the connecting positions of the left valve mould 2 and the lower valve mould 3 and the connecting positions of the right valve mould and the lower valve mould 3, and the outer vacuum bag and the inner vacuum bag are bonded together; curing and molding in a hot-pressing tank after packaging;
E) demoulding
E1: after curing, the auxiliary materials required by curing are dismantled, the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10 and the L-shaped piece 14 soft mold are removed, and then the product can be taken out from the main mold. When the product has a complex shape and cannot be taken out conveniently, the left valve die 2 and the right valve die 1 can be disassembled, so that the product can be separated from the left valve die and the right valve die 1, and the demoulding can be carried out smoothly.
Preferably, a rib positioning bracket 17 is arranged on the U-shaped main die; one end of the rib positioning support 17 is detachably connected with the left valve mould 2 or the right valve mould 1, and the other end of the rib positioning support 17 is detachably connected with the U-shaped inner skin soft mould 10 manufactured by the U-shaped inner skin soft mould forming mould. The rib positioning support 17 realizes accurate positioning of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10 in the forming process of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component, so that the positions of the reinforced ribs in the product are accurate and the appearance of the U-shaped composite material reinforced component is not easy to deform.
In C1, the U-shaped inner skin 16 prepared by B4 is placed on the U-shaped outer skin 13 in the U-shaped main die and the U-shaped inner skin soft die 10 is placed, and then the U-shaped inner skin soft die is fixed at the upper end of the left petal die 2 or the right petal die 1 through one end of a rib positioning bracket 17, and the other end of the rib positioning bracket 17 is connected with the U-shaped inner skin soft die 10 and used for fixing the accurate position of the U-shaped inner skin 16.
Preferably, the rib positioning support 17 comprises a left support and a right support which are symmetrically arranged at the upper ends of the left flap mold 2 and the right flap mold 1 respectively, one end of the left support, far away from the U-shaped main mold, is detachably connected with the left side surface of the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10, and one end of the right support, far away from the U-shaped main mold, is detachably connected with the right side surface of the working profile of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10.
Preferably, the rib positioning bracket 17 is detachably connected with the U-shaped main die and the U-shaped inner skin soft die 10 through positioning nails respectively.
Example 2
The embodiment is improved on the basis of embodiment 1, and the improvement is as follows: the joints of the left valve mould, the right valve mould 1 and the lower valve mould 3 are provided with vacuum sealing areas for packaging and sealing the vacuum bag 21, the vacuum sealing areas are adopted for sealing the joints of the left valve mould 2 and the lower valve mould 3 of the U-shaped main mould, the right valve mould 1 and the lower valve mould 3, air leakage is avoided, and the problem of poor air tightness of the combined U-shaped main mould is solved. The width of the vacuum bag sealing area 6 can be selected from 30 mm-200 mm according to the size of the U-shaped composite material reinforcement part 100.
Other parts in this embodiment are substantially the same as those in embodiment 1, and thus are not described in detail.
Example 3
The embodiment is improved on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, and the improvement is that: the smoothness of the matching surface of the left valve mold 2 and the lower valve mold 3 is not lower than Ra1.6; the smoothness of the matching surface of the right split mold 1 and the lower split mold 3 is not lower than Ra1.6, so that the air tightness is better when the left split mold and the lower split mold 3 and the right split mold 1 and the lower split mold 3 are connected and fastened, and the air tightness of the U-shaped main mold, the spreading and stacking mold and the soft mold forming mold is not more than-0.093 MPa.
Preferably, the smooth finish of the working molded surfaces of the U-shaped main die, the paving die and the soft die forming die is not lower than Ra1.6, so that the surface of the obtained U-shaped composite material reinforced component 100 is smoother and has smaller deformation.
Other parts in this embodiment are substantially the same as those in embodiment 1 or 2, and therefore are not described in detail.
Example 4
The embodiment is improved on the basis of any one of the embodiments 1 to 3, and the improvement is as follows: the U-shaped main die, the laying die and the software forming die are all of frame-template type structures, and the frame-template type structures are that the U-shaped main die, the laying die and the software forming die are all composed of a frame 9 and a template 8 sleeved outside the frame 9. The use of a frame-and-form construction improves the ventilation of the mould and reduces the weight.
Other parts in this embodiment are substantially the same as those in any of embodiments 1 to 3, and thus are not described in detail.
Example 5
The embodiment is improved on the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, and the improvement is as follows:
the forming method of the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced component 100 specifically comprises the following steps:
A) the method comprises the following steps Making soft moulds
A1: preparing a U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10: as shown in fig. 10, two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg are laid on the working surface of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die 5, and the vacuum bag is encapsulated and then vulcanized and formed in an autoclave. The process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 185 ℃, the time is 90min, the pressure is 0.70MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
A2: preparing a soft mold for the L-shaped piece 14: as shown in fig. 11, two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg are laid on the working surface of the L-shaped soft mold forming die 15, and the vacuum bag is packaged and then vulcanized and formed in a hot-pressing tank. The process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 185 ℃, the time is 90min, the pressure is 0.70MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
B) Preparing the skin
B1: combining a U-shaped main die: as shown in fig. 4, a left split mold 2, a right split mold 1 and a lower split mold 3 of the U-shaped main mold are tightly combined together by a fastener; when the left split mold 2, the right split mold 1 and the lower split mold 3 of the U-shaped main mold are positioned and fastened through the positioning nails, the positioning nails need to be screwed down;
b2: and (3) laying and forming the U-shaped outer skin 13: as shown in fig. 12, a skin is laid on the inner surface of the U-shaped main mold by using a dipping material, and then pre-pressed and formed in an autoclave after a vacuum bag is encapsulated; the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 85 ℃, the time is 15min, the pressure is 0.10MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process;
b3: l-shaped pieces 14 are laid and formed: as shown in fig. 13, a skin is laid on the working profile of the L-shaped piece laying die 18 by using a dipping material, and then the skin is pre-pressed and formed in an autoclave after a vacuum bag is sealed; the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 85 ℃, the time is 15min, the pressure is 0.10MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process; this process is repeated to provide two L-shaped pieces 14;
b4: and (3) laying and forming the U-shaped inner skin 16: as shown in fig. 14, a U-shaped inner skin laying mold 19 is used for laying skin on the working profile of the skin, then a vacuum bag is packaged, and then the skin is pre-pressed and formed in an autoclave; the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 85 ℃, the time is 15min, the pressure is 0.10MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process;
C) combination of
C1: combination of integrated U-shaped composite reinforcement member 100: laying ribs on the U-shaped outer skin 13 prepared by B2, then placing the U-shaped inner skin 16 prepared by B4 in the middle of the U-shaped outer skin 13 in the U-shaped main die, and placing the U-shaped inner skin soft die 10 on the U-shaped inner skin 16, so that the placing positions of the L-shaped pieces 14 are reserved on two sides symmetrically; taking down the two L-shaped pieces 14 prepared by B3, symmetrically placing the two L-shaped pieces on two sides of the U-shaped inner skin 16 in opposite directions, and placing the soft mold of the L-shaped pieces 14 on the L-shaped pieces 14; pressing and jointing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10 and the L-shaped piece 14 soft mold; the ribs are clamped between the U-shaped outer skin 13 and the L-shaped piece 14, the U-shaped skin;
D) shaping of
D1: molding of the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforcement member 100: an inner vacuum bag is packaged in the U-shaped main die, an outer vacuum bag is packaged at the connecting positions of the left valve mould 2 and the lower valve mould 3 and the connecting positions of the right valve mould and the lower valve mould 3, and the outer vacuum bag and the inner vacuum bag are bonded together; curing and molding in a hot-pressing tank after packaging;
E) demoulding
E1: after solidification, dismantling auxiliary materials required by solidification, removing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10 and the L-shaped piece 14 soft mold, dismantling the left and right split molds to separate the product from the left split mold and the right split mold 1, and taking out the product from the main mold.
Other parts in this embodiment are substantially the same as any of embodiments 1 to 4, and thus are not described in detail.
Example 6
The embodiment is improved on the basis of any one of the embodiments 1 to 5, and the improvement is as follows:
the forming method of the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced component 100 specifically comprises the following steps:
A) the method comprises the following steps Making soft moulds
A1: preparing a U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10: as shown in fig. 10, two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg are laid on the working surface of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die 5, and the vacuum bag is encapsulated and then vulcanized and formed in an autoclave. The process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 180 ℃, the time is 110min, the pressure is 0.50MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
A2: preparing a soft mold for the L-shaped piece 14: as shown in fig. 11, two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg are laid on the working surface of the L-shaped soft mold forming die 15, and the vacuum bag is packaged and then vulcanized and formed in a hot-pressing tank. The process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 180 ℃, the time is 110min, the pressure is 0.50MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
B) Preparing the skin
B1: combining a U-shaped main die: as shown in fig. 4, a left split mold 2, a right split mold 1 and a lower split mold 3 of the U-shaped main mold are tightly combined together by a fastener; when the left split mold 2, the right split mold 1 and the lower split mold 3 of the U-shaped main mold are positioned and fastened through the positioning nails, the positioning nails need to be screwed down;
b2: and (3) laying and forming the U-shaped outer skin 13: as shown in fig. 12, a skin is laid on the inner surface of the U-shaped main mold by using a dipping material, and then pre-pressed and formed in an autoclave after a vacuum bag is encapsulated; the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 80 ℃, the time is 22min, the pressure is 0.30MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process;
b3: l-shaped pieces 14 are laid and formed: as shown in fig. 13, a skin is laid on the working profile of the L-shaped piece laying die 18 by using a dipping material, and then the skin is pre-pressed and formed in an autoclave after a vacuum bag is sealed; the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 80 ℃, the time is 22min, the pressure is 0.30MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process; this process is repeated to provide two L-shaped pieces 14;
b4: and (3) laying and forming the U-shaped inner skin 16: as shown in fig. 14, a U-shaped inner skin laying mold 19 is used for laying skin on the working profile of the skin, then a vacuum bag is packaged, and then the skin is pre-pressed and formed in an autoclave; the process conditions are as follows: the temperature is 80 ℃, the time is 22min, the pressure is 0.30MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process;
C) combination of
C1: as shown in fig. 15, the combination of the integrated U-shaped composite reinforcement member 100: laying ribs on the U-shaped outer skin 13 prepared by B2, then placing the U-shaped inner skin 16 prepared by B4 in the middle of the U-shaped outer skin 13 in the U-shaped main die, and placing the U-shaped inner skin soft die 10 on the U-shaped inner skin 16, so that the placing positions of the L-shaped pieces 14 are reserved on two sides symmetrically; taking down the two L-shaped pieces 14 prepared by B3, symmetrically placing the two L-shaped pieces on two sides of the U-shaped inner skin 16 in opposite directions, and placing the soft mold of the L-shaped pieces 14 on the L-shaped pieces 14; pressing and jointing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10 and the L-shaped piece 14 soft mold; the ribs are clamped between the U-shaped outer skin 13 and the L-shaped piece 14, the U-shaped skin;
D) shaping of
D1: molding of the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforcement member 100: an inner vacuum bag is packaged in the U-shaped main die, an outer vacuum bag is packaged at the connecting positions of the left valve mould 2 and the lower valve mould 3 and the connecting positions of the right valve mould and the lower valve mould 3, and the outer vacuum bag and the inner vacuum bag are bonded together; curing and molding in a hot-pressing tank after packaging;
E) demoulding
E1: after solidification, dismantling auxiliary materials required by solidification, removing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold 10 and the L-shaped piece 14 soft mold, dismantling the left and right split molds to separate the product from the left split mold and the right split mold 1, and taking out the product from the main mold.
Other parts in this embodiment are substantially the same as those in any of embodiments 1 to 5, and thus are not described in detail.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced component adopts a U-shaped main die, a paving and stacking die and a soft die forming die to carry out vacuum hot-pressing forming on the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced component (100), the U-shaped composite material reinforced component (100) comprises a U-shaped area (102) and L-shaped areas (101) which are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the U-shaped area (102), and is characterized in that the paving and stacking die comprises an L-shaped part paving and stacking die (18) and a U-shaped inner skin paving and stacking die (19), and the soft die forming die comprises an L-shaped part soft die forming die (15) and a U-shaped inner skin soft die forming die (5); the method comprises the following steps:
A) preparing a soft mold: an L-shaped piece soft die (12) is prepared by adopting an L-shaped piece soft die forming die (15) for forming, and a U-shaped inner skin soft die (10) is prepared by adopting a U-shaped inner skin soft die forming die (5) for forming;
B) preparing a skin: preparing a U-shaped outer skin (13) by forming a U-shaped main die, preparing an L-shaped piece (14) by forming an L-shaped piece paving and stacking die (18), and preparing a U-shaped inner skin (16) by forming a U-shaped inner skin paving and stacking die (19);
C) combining: paving ribs on a U-shaped outer skin (13) paved in a U-shaped main die, paving a U-shaped inner skin (16) and an L-shaped piece (14), paving a U-shaped inner skin soft die (10) on the U-shaped inner skin (16), and paving an L-shaped piece soft die (12) on the L-shaped piece (14);
D) molding: packaging an inner vacuum bag in the U-shaped main mold, and curing and molding in a hot-pressing tank after packaging;
E) demolding: and after curing and forming, dismantling auxiliary materials required by curing, removing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold (10) and the L-shaped part soft mold (12), and taking out a product from the U-shaped main mold to obtain the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforcement component (100).
2. A method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite integrated stiffened component of claim 1, wherein: the U-shaped main die comprises a right flap die (1), a left flap die (2) and a lower flap die (3) which form a U-shaped section, the lower flap die (3) is a support of the U-shaped main die, and the left flap die (2) and the right flap die (1) are respectively detachably connected to two ends of the lower flap die (3); and the joints of the left valve mould, the right valve mould (1) and the lower valve mould (3) are provided with vacuum sealing areas (6) for packaging and sealing a vacuum bag (21).
3. A method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite integrated stiffened component of claim 2, wherein: and a U-shaped positioning block (11) is detachably arranged on the working molded surface of the U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming die (5) through a positioning nail.
4. A method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite integrated stiffened component of claim 2, wherein: a rib positioning bracket (17) is arranged on the U-shaped main die; one end of the rib positioning support (17) is detachably connected with the left valve mould (2) or the right valve mould (1), and the other end of the rib positioning support (17) is detachably connected with the U-shaped inner skin soft mould (10) manufactured by the U-shaped inner skin soft mould forming mould (5).
5. A method for making a U-shaped composite integrally stiffened component of claim 4, comprising the steps of:
A) preparing a soft mold: laying two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg on the working surface of a U-shaped inner skin soft mold forming mold (5), packaging a vacuum bag, and then vulcanizing and forming in a hot pressing tank to obtain a U-shaped inner skin soft mold (10); paving and pasting two layers of rubber sheets and 2-3 layers of prepreg on the working molded surface of the L-shaped piece soft mold forming mold (15), and carrying out vulcanization forming in a hot pressing tank after packaging a vacuum bag to obtain an L-shaped piece soft mold (12);
B) preparing a skin: arranging a sealing vacuum bag (21) in a vacuum sealing area (6) on the lower flap mold (3), positioning and fastening the left flap mold (2) and the right flap mold (1) with the lower flap mold (3) through positioning nails, laying skin on the inner surface of the U-shaped main mold by using impregnating material, then packaging the vacuum bag, and pre-pressing and molding in a hot-pressing tank to obtain a U-shaped outer skin (13);
laying skin on the working molded surface of the L-shaped part laying mold (18) by using a dipping material, then packaging a vacuum bag, pre-pressing and forming in a hot pressing tank, and repeating the process to obtain two L-shaped parts (14);
laying skins on the working molded surface of the U-shaped inner skin laying mold (19) by using a dipping material, then packaging a vacuum bag, and pre-pressing and forming in an autoclave to obtain the U-shaped inner skin (16);
C) combining: then taking down the U-shaped inner skin (16) from the U-shaped inner skin stacking die (19) and placing the U-shaped inner skin in a U-shaped main die, installing a rib positioning support (17) on the left flap die (2) or/and the right flap die (1) and screwing down a positioning nail to fix the accurate position of the U-shaped inner skin (16), and placing a U-shaped inner skin soft die (10) on the U-shaped inner skin (16) to ensure that the two sides are symmetrically reserved with the placing position of the L-shaped part (14); taking down the two L-shaped parts (14), symmetrically placing the two L-shaped parts on two sides of the U-shaped inner skin (16) in opposite directions, and placing the L-shaped part soft mold (12) on the L-shaped parts (14); pressing and attaching the U-shaped inner skin soft mold (10) and the L-shaped piece soft mold (12); clamping the ribs between the U-shaped outer skin (13) and the L-shaped piece (14) and the U-shaped inner skin (16);
D) molding: an inner vacuum bag is packaged in the U-shaped main die, an outer vacuum bag is packaged at the connecting positions of the left valve mould (2) and the lower valve mould (3) and the connecting positions of the right valve mould and the lower valve mould (3), and the outer vacuum bag and the inner vacuum bag are bonded together; curing and molding in a hot-pressing tank after packaging;
E) demolding: after curing, dismantling auxiliary materials and a rib positioning support (17) required by curing, removing the U-shaped inner skin soft mold (10) and the L-shaped piece soft mold (12), loosening the positioning nails, disassembling the left flap mold (2) and the right flap mold (1), separating a product from the left flap mold and the right flap mold (1), and taking the product out of the U-shaped main mold to obtain the integrated U-shaped composite material reinforced component (1).
6. The method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced part according to claim 5, wherein in the step a), the molding process conditions of the inner skin soft mold and the L-shaped piece soft mold (12) in the autoclave are as follows: the temperature is 175-185 ℃, the time is 90-120 min, the pressure is 0.40-0.70 MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
7. The method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced part according to claim 5, wherein in the step B), the forming process conditions of the U-shaped outer skin (13), the L-shaped piece (14) and the U-shaped inner skin (16) in the autoclave are as follows: the temperature is less than 90 ℃, the time is less than 30min, the pressure is 0.10 MPa-0.40 MPa, and the full vacuum is kept in the whole process.
8. A method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced member according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the U-shaped main mold, the lay-up mold and the soft forming mold are each of a frame-mold type structure composed of a frame (9) and a mold plate (8) fitted over an outer surface of the frame (9).
9. A method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite integrated reinforced part according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein: the smooth finish of the matching surface of the left valve mold (2) and the lower valve mold (3) is not lower than Ra1.6, and the smooth finish of the matching surface of the right valve mold (1) and the lower valve mold (3) is not lower than Ra1.6.
10. A method for manufacturing a U-shaped composite material integrated reinforced member according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the working profiles of the U-shaped main mold, the lay-up mold and the soft mold forming mold have a finish no lower than Ra1.6.
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| CN102963009A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-03-13 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Composite material multi-cavity structure piece manufacturing method |
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| KR20150128030A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-18 | 조선대학교산학협력단 | Method of molding composite material by VARTM process |
| CN105128355A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-09 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Auxiliary integral forming method for composite material bearing cylinder soft mould with light baffle ring |
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| CN102963009A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-03-13 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Composite material multi-cavity structure piece manufacturing method |
| KR20150128030A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-18 | 조선대학교산학협력단 | Method of molding composite material by VARTM process |
| CN104029397A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2014-09-10 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | Preparation device of aircraft composite material fuselage wall panels and preparation method thereof |
| CN105128355A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-09 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Auxiliary integral forming method for composite material bearing cylinder soft mould with light baffle ring |
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