CN108746312A - A method of it eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion and connects four-layer structure surface grooves - Google Patents
A method of it eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion and connects four-layer structure surface grooves Download PDFInfo
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- CN108746312A CN108746312A CN201810513647.2A CN201810513647A CN108746312A CN 108746312 A CN108746312 A CN 108746312A CN 201810513647 A CN201810513647 A CN 201810513647A CN 108746312 A CN108746312 A CN 108746312A
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- air inlet
- superplastic forming
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- diffusion connection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
A method of it eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion and connects four-layer structure surface grooves, 1. choose the plate thickness of forming superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure；2. the air inlet when processing forming superplastic forming/diffusion on the plank of selection and connecting four-layer structure；3. the plank for processing air inlet is welded into an entirety, and air inlet pipe is welded at air inlet；4. the whole plank for being welded with air inlet pipe is heated, to after certain temperature, into air inlet pipe, ventilation applies back pressure, until plank completes diffusion connection；5. pressurization of ventilating again into air inlet pipe, makes plank complete superplastic forming.The present invention shapes superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure by applying back pressure method, generation groove of the four-layer structure in superplastic forming/diffusion connection procedure is can effectively avoid, has significant advantage in parts size precision, type face precision, surface quality, processing efficiency and manufacturing cost etc. by applying superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure prepared by back pressure method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to accurate sheet metal processing fields, are related to a kind of elimination superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface
The method of groove.
Background technology
Superplastic forming/diffusion connecting process is a kind of lightweight forming technique, has low cost, high efficiency and nearly nothing left
The features such as amount, part formed thereby have many advantages, such as that lightweight construction, structural intergrity are good, this is increasingly expensive for pushing cost
Contemporary aircraft it is further development have important realistic meaning.Superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure is widely used
In aerospace field, the integration of the quasi-structure component product, light weight degree are higher and higher, and the accuracy of manufacture requires also more next
Higher, Surface Quality, processing efficiency and manufacturing cost require also increasingly harsher.
Superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure easily generates surface grooves defect in forming process, seriously affects super
It is moulded into the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of shape/diffusion connection four-layer structure, reduces superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure
Processing efficiency increases the manufacturing cost of superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure.
Invention content
The technology of the present invention solves the problems, such as：Overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of elimination superplastic forming/diffusion connection
The method of four-layer structure surface grooves can eliminate superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves, effectively ensure super modeling
The surface quality of forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure, the superplastic forming shaped/diffusion connection four-layer structure part quality are steady
Fixed, good integrity, weight loss effect is apparent, and dimensional accuracy, type face precision and surface quality are higher, and forming period is shorter,
Processing cost is relatively low.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is realized by following scheme：A kind of elimination superplastic forming/four layers of diffusion connection
The method of body structure surface groove, including steps are as follows：
Step 1：The plate thickness for superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure forming is chosen, plank is secondary from top to bottom
Sequence stacks, and is upper layer, upper sandwich layer, lower sandwich layer, cutting optimal successively；
Step 2：Corresponding position on the plank chosen in step 1, between each laminate material processes the super modeling of forming
Air inlet when forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure；
Step 3：Each laminate material to processing air inlet in step 2 welds, ensure between each laminate material into
Gas port position corresponds to, and air inlet pipe is welded at air inlet, forms cavity between each laminate material, the air inlet pipe between each laminate material with
Cavity between corresponding each laminate material is connected；
Step 4: heated to the whole plank obtained in step 3, after being heated to the temperature of setting, upward layer,
Ventilation applies back pressure in exocoel intake pipe and lower exocoel lower inlet duct between sandwich layer, cutting optimal between upper sandwich layer, to plate
Material continues to heat up, until plank completes diffusion connection；
Step 5：Pressurization of ventilating in the inner cavity air inlet pipe between sandwich layer, lower sandwich layer is continued up, superplastic forming is completed, obtains
Four-layer structure is connected to final superplastic forming/diffusion.
The sheet material is titanium alloy plate.
The upper layer is identical with the plate thickness of cutting optimal, and upper sandwich layer is identical with the plate thickness of lower sandwich layer.
The upper surface of described layer and cutting optimal are chosen between plate thickness tm, upper sandwich layer and lower sandwich layer choose plate thickness tx and are deposited
In relationship：Tm/tx=0.5~2.
In the step 3, the air inlet formed between each laminate material after welding includes between upper layer, upper sandwich layer
The enterprising gas port of exocoel, the inner cavity air inlet between upper sandwich layer, lower sandwich layer, air inlet under lower exocoel between sandwich layer, cutting optimal；Institute
State the height of air inlet under the enterprising gas port of exocoel and exocoel, of same size.
Height hw=α × (tm+tx) of air inlet under the enterprising gas port of the exocoel and exocoel；The enterprising gas port of exocoel and exocoel
Width bw=β × (tm+tx) of lower air inlet；Wherein, the value range of factor alpha is 0.3~0.5, and the value range of factor beta is
1~2.
Height hn=2 × α × tx of the inner cavity air inlet, width bn=2 × β × tx of inner cavity air inlet.
Plank welding is connect using manual argon arc welding in the step 3, is welded to plank using argon protecting cover in welding process
Seam carries out argon gas protection.
In the step 4, start apply back pressure when temperature be 600~800 DEG C, apply back pressure pressure be 0.1~
0.5MPa。
In the step 5, the pressing speed for pressurization of ventilating into inner cavity air inlet pipe is 0.01~0.03MPa/min.
The advantageous effect of the present invention compared with the existing technology：
(1) present invention eliminates superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves by applying back pressure, can effectively protect
Demonstrate,prove the surface quality of superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure；
(2) superplastic forming produced by the present invention/diffusion connects four-layer structure stable quality, good integrity, qualification rate height；
(3) superplastic forming produced by the present invention/diffusion connection four-layer structure dimensional accuracy and type face precision are high, no rebound,
The defects of corrugation, cracking, generates；
(4) superplastic forming produced by the present invention/diffusion connection four-layer structure forming period is shorter, and processing cost is relatively low.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that superplastic forming/diffusion connection four laminate material of four-layer structure stacks schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that superplastic forming/diffusion connects four-layer structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that superplastic forming/diffusion connects four-layer structure surface grooves schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention provides a kind of method of elimination superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves, is suitable for forming
Dimensional accuracy, type face precision and the higher superplastic forming of surface quality requirements/diffusion connect four-layer structure.
The present invention eliminates the method that superplastic forming/diffusion connects four-layer structure surface grooves by applying back pressure, it can disappear
Except superplastic forming/diffusion connects four-layer structure surface grooves, effectively ensure the surface of superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure
Quality, the superplastic forming shaped/diffusion connection four-layer structure part quality are stablized, and good integrity, weight loss effect is apparent, size
Precision, type face precision and surface quality are higher, and forming period is shorter, and processing cost is relatively low.
The present invention superplastic forming to be shaped/diffusion connects four-layer structure, is to pass through superplastic forming/diffusion by four laminate materials
The entirety that Joining Technology shapes, order stacks plank from top to bottom, is upper layer, upper sandwich layer, lower sandwich layer, cutting optimal successively,
Upper layer and cutting optimal are smooth streamline surface, and upper sandwich layer and lower sandwich layer section are " I-shaped " structures, and upper sandwich layer is under
" I-shaped " structure that sandwich layer is formed supports upper layer and cutting optimal, plays the role of support reinforcing, superplastic forming/diffusion
Connection four-layer structure is titanium alloy metal.
A method of it eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion and connects four-layer structure surface grooves, including steps are as follows：
Step 1：The plate thickness for superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure forming is chosen, plank is secondary from top to bottom
Sequence stacks, and is upper layer 1, upper sandwich layer 2, lower sandwich layer 3, cutting optimal 4 successively；
Step 2：Corresponding position on the plank chosen in step 1, between each laminate material processes the super modeling of forming
Air inlet when forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure；
Step 3：Each laminate material to processing air inlet in step 2 welds, ensure between each laminate material into
Gas port position corresponds to, and air inlet pipe is welded at air inlet, forms cavity between each laminate material, the air inlet pipe between each laminate material with
Cavity between corresponding each laminate material is connected；
Step 4: heated to the whole plank obtained in step 3, after being heated to the temperature of setting, upward layer 1,
Ventilation applies the back of the body in the exocoel lower inlet duct 11 between exocoel intake pipe 13 and lower sandwich layer 3, cutting optimal 4 between upper sandwich layer 2
Pressure, continues to heat up to plank, until plank completes diffusion connection；
Step 5：Pressurization of ventilating in the inner cavity air inlet pipe 12 between sandwich layer 2, lower sandwich layer 3 is continued up, super be moulded into is completed
Shape obtains final superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure.
Sheet material is titanium alloy plate, and upper layer 1 is identical with the plate thickness of cutting optimal 4, upper sandwich layer 2 and lower sandwich layer 3
Plate thickness it is identical.
Upper layer 1 and cutting optimal 4, which are chosen between plate thickness tm, upper sandwich layer and lower sandwich layer choose plate thickness tx, has pass
System：Tm/tx=0.5~2.
In step 3, the air inlet formed between each laminate material after welding includes outer between upper layer 1, upper sandwich layer 2
The enterprising gas port 8 of chamber, the inner cavity air inlet 9 between upper sandwich layer 2, lower sandwich layer 3, air inlet under the exocoel between lower sandwich layer 3, cutting optimal 4
Mouth 10；It is the height of air inlet 10 under the enterprising gas port 8 of the exocoel and exocoel, of same size, under the enterprising gas port 8 of exocoel and exocoel into
Height hw=α × tm+tx of gas port 10；Width bw=β × tm+tx of air inlet 10 under the enterprising gas port 8 of exocoel and exocoel；Inner cavity
Height hn=2 × α × tx of air inlet 9；Width bn=2 × β × tx of inner cavity air inlet 9, wherein the value range of factor alpha
It is 0.3~0.5, the value range of factor beta is 1~2.
In step 3 plank welding connect using manual argon arc welding, in welding process using argon protecting cover to plank weld seam into
Row argon gas is protected.
In step 4, start apply back pressure when temperature be 600~800 DEG C, apply back pressure pressure be 0.1~
0.5MPa。
In step 5, the pressing speed for pressurization of ventilating into inner cavity air inlet pipe 12 is 0.01~0.03MPa/min.
Embodiment：
Preferably with certain superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure, geomery is shown in that Fig. 1, part material are
TA15 titanium alloys, length 30mm, width 14mm, the sum of upper layer and upper core layer thickness are 2mm, lower sandwich layer and following thickness
The sum of degree is 2mm.
Specific preferred embodiment is carried out by following processing step：
The first step chooses the plate thickness of forming superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure, and order is folded from top to bottom for plank
It puts, is upper layer 1, upper sandwich layer 2, lower sandwich layer 3, cutting optimal 4 successively, upper layer 1 chooses plate thickness with cutting optimal 4 and is all mutually
It is all mutually 1mm that 1mm, upper sandwich layer 2 and lower sandwich layer 3, which choose plate thickness,；Upper layer 1 and cutting optimal 4 choose plate thickness tm, upper core
There are relationship tm/tx=1 by layer 2 and lower sandwich layer 3 selection plate thickness tx, meet the requirements of tm/tx=0.5~2.
Second step, when processing forming superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure on the plank chosen in the first step
Air inlet, the air inlet between upper layer 1 and upper sandwich layer 2 is the enterprising gas port 8 of exocoel, the air inlet between upper sandwich layer 2 and lower sandwich layer 3
Mouth is inner cavity air inlet 9, and the air inlet between lower sandwich layer 3 and cutting optimal 4 is air inlet under exocoel 10；Enterprising 8 He of gas port of exocoel
10 height hw=α × (tm+tx)=0.5 × (1+1)=1 of air inlet under exocoel, air inlet 10 under the enterprising gas port 8 of exocoel and exocoel
Width bw=β × (tm+tx)=2 × (1+1)=4；9 height hn=2 × α of inner cavity air inlet × tx=2 × 0.5 × 1=1, it is interior
9 width bn=2 × β of chamber air inlet × tx=2 × 2 × 1=4.
Third walks, and the plank that second step is processed to air inlet is welded into an entirety, and weld at air inlet into
Tracheae；Upper sandwich layer 2 and lower sandwich layer 3 are welded together first, the cavity that upper sandwich layer 2 and lower sandwich layer 3 are formed is inner cavity 6；Then
Upper layer 1, cutting optimal 4 and upper sandwich layer 2, lower sandwich layer 3 are welded together, the cavity that upper layer 1 is formed with upper sandwich layer 2 is exocoel
Upper 7, the cavity that cutting optimal is formed with lower sandwich layer is under exocoel 5；Air inlet pipe and inner cavity air inlet 9 are welded, make air inlet pipe with it is interior
Chamber 6 is connected, and the air inlet pipe being connected with inner cavity is inner cavity air inlet pipe 12；The enterprising gas port of air inlet pipe and exocoel 8 is welded, air inlet pipe is made
It is connected on exocoel 7, the air inlet pipe being connected on exocoel 7 is exocoel intake pipe 13；By air inlet 10 under air inlet pipe and exocoel
Welding, makes air inlet pipe be connected under exocoel 5, the air inlet pipe being connected under exocoel 5 is exocoel lower inlet duct 11；Plank is welded into
One entirety, carries out in such a way that manual argon arc welding connects, and argon protecting cover can be used in welding process and carried out to plank weld seam
Argon gas is protected, as shown in Figure 2.
Third step is welded with the upper surface of inner cavity air inlet pipe 12, exocoel intake pipe 13, exocoel lower inlet duct 11 layer by the 4th step
1, the whole plank heating of upper sandwich layer 2, lower sandwich layer 3, cutting optimal 4, to after 700 DEG C, to exocoel intake pipe 13 and exocoel under air inlet
Ventilation applies back pressure 0.1MPa in pipe 11, and whole plank continues to heat up, until plank completes diffusion connection；
5th step, after the completion of four steps, then pressurization of ventilating into inner cavity air inlet pipe 12, pressing speed 0.02MPa/
Min makes the whole plank of upper layer 1, upper sandwich layer 2, lower sandwich layer 3, cutting optimal 4 complete superplastic forming, obtain final superplastic forming/
Diffusion connection four-layer structure.
Use superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure dimensional accuracy prepared by the method for ± 0.1mm, type face precision ±
0.3mm, surface roughness Ra 3.2.Than prior art cost savings 20%, efficiency improves 15%, and loss of weight 10% can effectively eliminate
Surface grooves defect as shown in Figure 3.
The present invention also has a kind of preferred embodiment, and in step 1, upper layer 1 chooses plate thickness with cutting optimal 4 and is all mutually
It is all mutually 0.8mm that 1.2mm, upper sandwich layer 2 and lower sandwich layer 3, which choose plate thickness,；Upper layer 1 and cutting optimal 4 choose plate thickness tm,
There are relationship tm/tx=1.5 by upper sandwich layer 2 and lower sandwich layer 3 selection plate thickness tx, meet the requirements of tm/tx=0.5~2, Ke Yijin
One step eliminates superplastic forming/diffusion and connects four-layer structure surface defect, improves superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface
Quality, it is ensured that the normal work of aerospace craft.
The present invention also has a kind of preferred embodiment, in step 4, is welded with inner cavity air inlet pipe 12, exocoel intake pipe 13, outer
The whole plank heating of the upper surface of chamber lower inlet duct 11 layer 1, upper sandwich layer 2, lower sandwich layer 3, cutting optimal 4, to after 600 DEG C, on exocoel
Ventilation applies back pressure 0.3MPa in air inlet pipe 13 and exocoel lower inlet duct 11, can further eliminate superplastic forming/diffusion connection
Four-layer structure surface defect, improves superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface quality, and efficiency improves 15%.
The present invention also has a kind of preferred embodiment, in step 5, ventilates and pressurizes into inner cavity air inlet pipe 12, pressing speed is
0.015MPa/min makes the whole plank of upper layer 1, upper sandwich layer 2, lower sandwich layer 3, cutting optimal 4 complete superplastic forming, can be further
It eliminates superplastic forming/diffusion and connects four-layer structure surface defect, improve superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface matter
Amount, qualification rate improve 10%.
The present invention is unspecified to partly belong to technology well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves, which is characterized in that such as including step
Under：
Step 1：The plate thickness for superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure forming is chosen, order is folded from top to bottom for plank
It puts, is upper layer (1), upper sandwich layer (2), lower sandwich layer (3), cutting optimal (4) successively；
Step 2：Corresponding position on the plank chosen in step 1, between each laminate material process forming superplastic forming/
Air inlet when diffusion connection four-layer structure；
Step 3：Each laminate material to processing air inlet in step 2 welds, and ensures the air inlet between each laminate material
Position corresponds to, and air inlet pipe is welded at air inlet, forms cavity between each laminate material, the air inlet pipe between each laminate material with it is corresponding
Each laminate material between cavity be connected；
Step 4: heated to the whole plank obtained in step 3, after being heated to the temperature of setting, upward layer (1), on
Lead in the exocoel lower inlet duct (11) between exocoel intake pipe (13) and lower sandwich layer (3), cutting optimal (4) between sandwich layer (2)
Gas applies back pressure, continues to heat up to plank, until plank completes diffusion connection；
Step 5：Ventilation pressurization in the inner cavity air inlet pipe (12) between sandwich layer (2), lower sandwich layer (3) is continued up, super be moulded into is completed
Shape obtains final superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure.
2. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves according to claim 1, special
Sign is：The sheet material is titanium alloy plate.
3. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that：The upper layer (1) is identical with the plate thickness of cutting optimal (4), the plank of upper sandwich layer (2) and lower sandwich layer (3)
Thickness is identical.
4. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves according to claim 3, special
Sign is：The upper surface of described layer (1) and cutting optimal (4) choose plate thickness tm, upper sandwich layer and lower sandwich layer and choose plate thickness tx
Between there are relationships：Tm/tx=0.5~2.
5. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that：In the step 3, the air inlet formed between each laminate material after welding includes upper layer (1), upper sandwich layer
(2) the enterprising gas port of exocoel (8) between, the inner cavity air inlet (9) between upper sandwich layer (2), lower sandwich layer (3), lower sandwich layer (3), under
Air inlet (10) under exocoel between face layer (4)；The height of air inlet (10), width under the enterprising gas port of exocoel (8) and exocoel
It spends identical.
6. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves according to claim 5, special
Sign is：Height hw=α × (tm+tx) of air inlet (10) under the enterprising gas port of exocoel (8) and exocoel；The enterprising gas port of exocoel
(8) width bw=β × (tm+tx) of air inlet (10) and under exocoel；Wherein, the value range of factor alpha is 0.3~0.5, coefficient
The value range of β is 1~2.
7. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves according to claim 6, special
Sign is：Height hn=2 × α × tx of the inner cavity air inlet (9), width bn=2 × β × tx of inner cavity air inlet (9).
8. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that：Plank welding is connect using manual argon arc welding in the step 3, using argon protecting cover to plate in welding process
Material weld seam carries out argon gas protection.
9. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that：In the step 4, temperature when starting to apply back pressure is 600~800 DEG C, and the pressure for applying back pressure is 0.1
~0.5MPa.
10. a kind of method for eliminating superplastic forming/diffusion connection four-layer structure surface grooves according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that：In the step 5, the pressing speed to ventilation pressurization in inner cavity air inlet pipe (12) is 0.01~0.03MPa/
min。
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| CN113770253A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-10 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Titanium alloy four-layer structure forming die, die assembly and skin groove eliminating method |
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| CN108746312B (en) | 2020-06-19 |
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