CN108739255A - 一种固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法 - Google Patents
一种固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739255A CN108739255A CN201810610525.5A CN201810610525A CN108739255A CN 108739255 A CN108739255 A CN 108739255A CN 201810610525 A CN201810610525 A CN 201810610525A CN 108739255 A CN108739255 A CN 108739255A
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- 230000024241 parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001019 trigonella foenum-graecum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
Abstract
本发明公开了一种固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法。本发明通过将腐熟污泥、煤矸石粉、秸秆与客土按比例配制成基质材料，然后以厚层基质喷附、喷混植生或袋体堆积的方式应用到边坡修复工程作业中，节约了客土资源，提高了客土土质，提高了修复效果，解决了大量废弃物闲置浪费的问题。
Description
一种固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及环境修复领域，特别涉及一种固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质 中的方法。
背景技术
[0002] 矿区和城市开发建设往往涉及大规模土石填挖工程，形成大量土石裸露边坡，破 坏了原有地形地貌及植被，与周边自然景观极不协调。边坡植物防护代替传统边坡防护，成 为近年来边坡防护主体和趋势。为实现与植物群落的融合与系统的恢复，边坡植物的种植 需要至少3〜10cm的土壤层，而裸露边坡或为废弃渣石堆积，或为岩石边坡，完全无基质土 壤，或者为极度贫瘠土壤，所以边坡修复需要大量土壤基质的投入。目前边坡修复客土来源 主要是城市建设用地土方或农田。城市建筑用地取土，土壤中或混杂诸多建筑和生活垃圾， 或因深层地基土 (生土），导致土壤质量大大降低，黏性大、易板结、透气性差，不利于植物根 的生长发育；农田取土后果更严重，不仅损害耕地红线目标实现，而且只会使破坏转移，扩 大。因此，不仅园林绿化，边坡修复工程优质基质也极度缺乏，生态修复用土短缺问题极其 严峻。
[0003] 城市污泥、煤矸石等废弃物的大量产生和堆放对环境是一种污染，也是一种浪费。 目前，全国每年湿污泥产生量高达4000余万吨，并以每年15%的速度增长，给城市环境保护 带来了新的压力。污泥成分复杂，含有重金属和各种盐类物质，以及少量病原微生物和寄生 虫卵等。但同时污泥也含有丰富的有机质和重要的营养成分及各种微量元素，通过污泥堆 肥发酵，无公害处理后，会成为一种良好的有机肥料资源。煤炭是我国重要的能源物质之 一，20ie年全国的原煤产量达34.1亿吨。煤矸石是煤炭开采和加工过程中的固体废弃物，其 产量占原煤的15%左右，而工业综合利用率不足5%。因此，绝大部分煤矸石以定点堆放的 方式闲置起来，不断排放堆积，压占大量土地，形成大小不一的矸石山数千座，成为主要的 工业固体废弃物源，且极易产生滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害问题。另一方面，煤矸石含有 多种植物生长所需的匕211、〇1、11111〇等微量元素，部分煤矸石还含有较丰富的有机质，氮、 磷、钾和微量元素含量是普通土壤的数倍，是一种可供开发和利用的自然资源。作为土壤基 质材料，它的加入能降低基质PH，提供植物生长所需的合理物理结构，增加土壤的透气性， 疏松性。
[0004]
发明内容
[0005]本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种，以解决现有技术中导致的上述多项缺 陷。
[0006]为实现上述目的，本发明提供以下的技术方案:一种固体废弃物资源化应用于边 坡修复基质中的方法，包括以下步骤，
[0007] 1)包含配制基质材料
[0008]将市政污水处理厂产生的污泥、工矿固体废弃物、农作物废料为原料，按重量比例 40〜60% .30〜40% . 10〜20%，充分混合加入到道路边坡或矿山生态修复工程基质材料 中，与普通客土的配制比例为1:1〜2,其中，污泥经污泥堆肥处理工艺处理. 、
[0009] 2)应用于修复工程 ’
[0010]将所述的配制完成的基质材料，采用厚层基质喷附技术、喷混植生技术、袋体堆积 技术应用到修复工程中。
[0011]优选的，所述污泥堆肥处理工艺是指采用好氧堆肥工艺，以城市污泥作为堆肥基 质，以稻草、木屑作为堆肥的填充料，粉煤灰为调理剂，添加量为〇.8%—1 %，添加污泥发酵 剂，添加量为堆体质量的2%〜3% ;根据污泥、稻草、木肩的c/N，组合比例为75:18:2，水分 调整至50〜60%，充分混匀，堆至成条形垛的宽度可为3〜5m，条形垛的长度1〇〜50m，条形 垛的高度可为1_ 5〜2m，以人工或机械翻堆的方式进行通气，堆肥时间为25〜3〇天，堆肥初 期2周内每三天翻堆一次，之后每周翻堆一次。
[0012]优选的，所述污泥发酵剂为细菌、放线菌、真菌三大类多种菌株有益微生物，并添 加多种酶制剂。
[0013]优选的，所述步骤3)中，添加保水剂(〇.1〜〇.2%)、粘合剂(〇.1〜〇.15%)、微生物 菌肥(2%)、植物种子。
[00M]优选的，所述植物种子配置选择黑麦草、波斯菊、紫羊茅、紫花苜蓿、小冠花、臭椿、 荆条、山杏、山桃、黄栌、紫穗槐、野花组合。
[0015]优选的，所述厚层基质喷附技术是指采用专用喷附机，通过高压气流将所述的基 质材料喷附在坡面上，喷附厚度为7〜l〇cm，与高强度镀锌网锚固坡面结合;采用无纺布进 行覆盖，并进行后期养护管理。
[0016] 优选的，所述喷混植生技术是指将不含种子的基质材料中加入3.5〜8%水泥进行 干混拌，作为基底层，喷8〜10cm厚;将含种子的基质材料作为植生层，喷2〜5cm厚;采用无 纺布进行覆盖，并进行后期养护管理。
[0017]优选的，所述袋体堆积技术是指将不含种子的基质材料装入生态袋内，将生态袋 沿边坡表面层层堆叠，通过连接配件将袋与袋之间，层与层之间，生态袋与边坡表面之间的 紧密结合，达到牢固护坡的作用；草种选用点播方式进行，灌木采用容器苗栽植的方式进 行。
[0018] 采用以上技术方案的有益效果是:通过将市政污水处理厂产生的污泥、工矿固体 废弃物、农作物废料等废弃物进行处理并与客土的搭配使用，节约了客土资源，提高了客土 土质，配比组成的基质材料主要有以下功能：（1)具有适宜于植物生长的三相分布结构，良 好的透气性、团粒度，利于植物根系营养、水分的吸收，为植物生长营造良好的环境；（2)能 保持植物所需水分的供给和较好的保水能力；（3)基材富含有机质，含有植物生长必须的平 衡养分，可以提高植物的抗旱耐寒能力，增强植物生命力。同时，基质材料的使用提高了修 复效果，解决了大量废弃物闲置浪费的问题。
具体实施方式
[0019] 下面详细说明本发明的优选实施方式。
[0020] 一种固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法，包含配制基质材料与施工
[0021] IS_觀料是娜軸污水麵厂产生酷泥(经污讎肥麵工艺处理）、工 矿固体废弃物(煤矸石粉）、农作物废料(秸秆)等为原料，按重量比例40〜60% :30〜40%: 10〜20%，充分混合加入到道路边坡或矿山生态修复工程基质材料中，与普通客土的配制 比例为1:1〜2。
[0022]、施工过程是指将所述的配制完成的基质材料，采用厚层基质喷附技术、喷混植生 技术、袋体堆积技术应用到修复工程中，同时添加其他辅助材料，保水剂(〇1〜〇.2%)、粘 合剂(〇• 1〜〇. I5%)、微生物菌肥㈣）、种子等。植物配置选择黑麦草、波斯菊、紫羊茅、紫 花苜蓿、小冠花、臭椿、荆条、山杏、山桃、黄栌、紫穗槐、野花组合等。
[0023]污泥堆肥处理工艺是指采用好氧堆肥工艺，以城市污泥作为堆肥基质，以稻草、木 屑作为堆肥的填充料，粉煤灰为调理剂，添加量为〇 • 8%-1 %，添加污泥发酵剂(细菌、放线 菌、真菌三大类多种菌株有益微生物，并添加多种酶制剂），添加量为堆体质量的2%〜3%。 根据污泥、稻草、木屑的C/N，组合比例为75:18:2，水分调整至5〇〜60%，充分混匀，堆至成 条形垛的宽度可为3〜5m，条形垛的长度10〜50tn，条形垛的高度可为1.5〜2m，以人工或机 械翻堆的方式进行通气，堆肥时间为25〜30天，堆肥初期2周内每三天翻堆一次，之后每周 翻堆一次。
[0024]厚层基质喷附技术是指采用专用喷附机，通过高压气流将所述的基质材料喷附在 坡面上，喷附厚度为7〜10cm，与高强度镀锌网锚固坡面结合。采用无纺布进行覆盖，并进行 后期养护管理。
[0025]喷混植生技术是指将所述的基质材料(不含种子）中加入水泥(3.5〜8%)进行干 混拌，作为基底层，喷8〜l〇cm厚;将所述的基质材料(含种子)作为植生层，喷2〜5cm厚。采 用无纺布进行覆盖，并进行后期养护管理。
[0026]袋体堆积技术是指将所述的基质材料(不含种子)装入生态袋内，将生态袋沿边坡 表面层层堆叠，通过连接配件将袋与袋之间，层与层之间，生态袋与边坡表面之间的紧密结 合，达到牢固护坡的作用。草种选用点播方式进行，灌木采用容器苗栽植的方式进行。
[0027] 本发明的有益效果是：
[0028] 通过将市政污水处理厂产生的污泥、工矿固体废弃物、农作物废料等废弃物进行 处理并与客土的搭配使用，节约了客土资源，提高了客土土质，配比组成的基质材料主要有 以下功能：（1)具有适宜于植物生长的三相分布结构，良好的透气性、团粒度，利于植物根系 营养、水分的吸收，为植物生长营造良好的环境；（2)能保持植物所需水分的供给和较好的 保水能力；（3)基材富含有机质，含有植物生长必须的平衡养分，可以提高植物的抗旱耐寒 能力，增强植物生命力。同时，基质材料的使用提高了修复效果，解决了大量废弃物闲置浪 费的问题。
[0029] 以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员 来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明 的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1. 一种固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤， 1) 包含配制基质材料 将市政污水处理厂产生的污泥、工矿固体废弃物、农作物废料为原料，按重量比例40〜 60% : 30〜40% : 10〜20 %，充分混合加入到道路边坡或矿山生态修复工程基质材料中，与 普通客土的配制比例为1:1〜2，其中，污泥经污泥堆肥处理工艺处理. 2) 应用于修复工程 ’ 将所述的配制完成的基质材料，采用厚层基质喷附技术、喷混植生技术、袋体堆积技术 应用到修复工程中。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法，其特征在 于，所述污泥堆肥处理工艺是指采用好氧堆肥工艺，以城市污泥作为堆肥基质，以稻草、木 屑作为堆肥的填充料，粉煤灰为调理剂，添加量为〇.8%-1 %，添加污泥发酵剂，添加量为堆 体质量的2%〜3% ;根据污泥、稻草、木屑的c/N，组合比例为75:18: 2,水分调整至50〜 60%，充分混匀，堆至成条形垛的宽度可为3〜5m，条形垛的长度1〇〜50m，条形垛的高度可 为1 • 5〜2m，以人工或机械翻堆的方式进行通气，堆肥时间为25〜30天，堆肥初期2周内每三 天翻堆一次，之后每周翻堆一次。
3.根据权利要求2所述的固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法，其特征在 于，所述污泥发酵剂为细菌、放线菌、真菌三大类多种菌株有益微生物，并添加多种酶制剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法，其特征在 于，所述步骤3)中，添加保水剂(0.1〜0.2%)、粘合剂(0.1〜0.15%)、微生物菌肥(2%)、植 物种子。
5.根据权利要求4所述的固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法，其特征在 于，所述植物种子配置选择黑麦草、波斯菊、紫羊茅、紫花苜菅、小冠花、臭椿、荆条、山杏、山 桃、黄栌、紫穗槐、野花组合。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法，其特征在 于，所述厚层基质喷附技术是指采用专用喷附机，通过高压气流将所述的基质材料喷附在 坡面上，喷附厚度为7〜10cm，与高强度镀锌网锚固坡面结合;采用无纺布进行覆盖，并进行 后期养护管理。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法，其特征在 于，所述喷混植生技术是指将不含种子的基质材料中加入3.5〜8%水泥进行干混拌，作为 基底层，喷8〜10cm厚；将含种子的基质材料作为植生层，喷2〜5cm厚；采用无纺布进行覆 盖，并进行后期养护管理。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的固体废弃物资源化应用于边坡修复基质中的方法，其特征在 于，所述袋体堆积技术是指将不含种子的基质材料装入生态袋内，将生态袋沿边坡表面层 层堆叠，通过连接配件将袋与袋之间，层与层之间，生态袋与边坡表面之间的紧密结合，达 到牢固护坡的作用;草种选用点播方式进行，灌木采用容器苗栽植的方式进行。
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