CN108738969A - 一种安吉白茶的育苗方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及白茶种植领域,具体涉及一种安吉白茶的育苗方法,包括以下步骤:苗圃地准备、苗圃地二次处理、采枝、泡枝、扦插和后期管理,本发明培育的安吉白茶幼苗具有扦插成活率高、底部的生根率高、根部腐烂率低和产量高等优点;同时,本发明使用的基质采用缓释有机肥,使得安吉白茶的口感得到明显的提升;此外,本发明通过喷洒中草药进行防虫害,使得安吉白茶抗虫能力得到提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及白茶种植领域,具体是一种安吉白茶的育苗方法。
背景技术
安吉白茶是一种汉族名茶,产自浙江省安吉县,该茶的加工原料采自一种嫩叶全为白色的茶树。安吉白茶是特定的优良生态环境条件下产生的变异茶树,属绿茶类,与中国六大茶类中“白茶类”中的白毫银针、白牡丹是不同的概念。白毫银针、白牡丹指由绿色多毫的嫩叶制作而成的白茶;而安吉白茶是由一种特殊的白叶茶品种的嫩叶按绿茶的制法加工制作而成的名绿茶,因为产量非常少,价格昂贵。
白茶育苗时茶籽育苗后代的变异性较大,因此一般采用扦插的方法,现有的白茶扦插时的成活率低,主要集中在扦插时需要大量的水分,白茶的插穗很容易缺水干燥,特别是在插穗的上下端部,而且还有腐烂的可能,底部的生根率低,扦插的苗分枝少,在种植后产量低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种安吉白茶的育苗方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种安吉白茶的育苗方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)苗圃地准备:苗圃地应选择pH在5.3-6.5之间的微酸性土壤,苗圃地坡度选择15-25°;向苗圃地晒水,保持苗圃地土壤含水量为35-45%,向苗圃地表面平铺水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶,然后向苗圃地倒入蚯蚓,再在水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶表面盖上一层秸秆和稻壳,每隔12-15h晒水一次,苗圃地处理时间长为72-96h;
(2)苗圃地二次处理:对步骤(1)苗圃地的地面平铺秸秆粉末和稻壳,然后在秸秆粉末和稻壳上均匀施撒缓释有机肥,根据地势进行深耕、晾晒、整平、耙细,深翻的同时将秸秆与稻壳的混合物埋入地下,苗圃地二次处理时长为12-16天;
(3)采枝:当穗母本园留养的新梢中下部呈红棕色,组织开始水质化,腋芽膨大或萌发,叶片成熟的,便可截取扦插枝剪穗扦插;
(4)泡枝:步骤(3)扦插枝剪穗放置浸泡液中浸泡1.5-2.2h,置于阴凉通风处阴干,备用;
(5)扦插:在步骤(2)处理的苗圃地上按照株距4cm、行距10cm扦插浸泡过的扦插枝剪穗,扦插时将三分之二插入土中,芽叶柄露出土面,将插穗附近的泥土压实,边插边浇水;
(6)后期管理:移栽后,当苗圃地土壤中的水分含量低于15-25%时,浇一次水;病虫害防治:采用中草药喷雾,中草药水煮液兑10倍量水喷施,同时喷洒叶面肥。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤(1)中蚯蚓投放的比例为55-65条/m2。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤(1)中水果皮、玉米棒粉和白茶树叶的质量比为2.5:1.4:1。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤(2)中的缓释有机肥按照每亩1100-1500kg/亩施撒,所述缓释有机肥的成分按重量份计:干鱼塘泥32-42份、鸭粪22-38份、茶籽饼25-32份、草木灰20-28份、沼气残渣12-16份、茶叶树枝粉35-40份和茶树叶粉25-36份。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤(3)采枝在春节2-3月份进行。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤(4)中的浸泡液选用2.2-2.5%的复硝基酚钠2500-3500倍液、生根剂250-450倍液、托布津1200-1500倍液和百菌清650-850倍液的混合液,所述复硝基酚钠、生根剂、托布津和百菌清溶液重量份比为1.2:3.5:1.7:1。
作为本发明进一步的方案:所述步骤(6)后期管理放入中草药选用艾草5.5-8.5份、猪笼草2.8-5.3份、香蒲草3-5份、驱蚊草1-3份、大蒜2-5份、辣椒粉1-3份、除虫菊2-5份、桃金娘1-2份、山药1-2份。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明通过苗圃地准备、苗圃地二次处理、采枝、泡枝、扦插和后期管理,植被的安吉白茶幼苗具有扦插成活率高、底部的生根率高、根部腐烂率低、扦插的苗分枝和种植后产量高等优点。同时,本发明使用的基质采用缓释有机肥,使得安吉白茶的口感得到明显的提升。此外,本发明通过喷洒中草药进行防虫害,使得安吉白茶抗虫能力得到提升。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种安吉白茶的育苗方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)苗圃地准备:苗圃地应选择pH在5.3-6.5之间的微酸性土壤,苗圃地坡度选择15-25°;向苗圃地晒水,保持苗圃地土壤含水量为35%,向苗圃地表面平铺水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶,然后向苗圃地倒入蚯蚓,再在水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶表面盖上一层秸秆和稻壳,每隔12h晒水一次,苗圃地处理时间长为72h;蚯蚓投放的比例为55条/m2。水果皮、玉米棒粉和白茶树叶的质量比为2.5:1.4:1。
(2)苗圃地二次处理:对步骤(1)苗圃地的地面平铺秸秆粉末和稻壳,然后在秸秆粉末和稻壳上均匀施撒缓释有机肥,根据地势进行深耕、晾晒、整平、耙细,深翻的同时将秸秆与稻壳的混合物埋入地下,苗圃地二次处理时长为12天;缓释有机肥按照每亩1100kg/亩施撒,所述缓释有机肥的成分按重量份计:干鱼塘泥32份、鸭粪22份、茶籽饼25份、草木灰20份、沼气残渣12份、茶叶树枝粉35份和茶树叶粉25份。
(3)采枝:当穗母本园留养的新梢中下部呈红棕色,组织开始水质化,腋芽膨大或萌发,叶片成熟的,便可截取扦插枝剪穗扦插;采枝在春节2-3月份进行。
(4)泡枝:步骤(3)扦插枝剪穗放置浸泡液中浸泡1.5h,置于阴凉通风处阴干,备用;浸泡液选用2.2%的复硝基酚钠2500倍液、生根剂250倍液、托布津1200倍液和650倍的百菌清溶液的混合液,所述复硝基酚钠、生根剂、托布津和百菌清溶液重量份比为1.2:3.5:1.7:1。
(5)扦插:在步骤(2)处理的苗圃地上按照株距4cm、行距10cm扦插浸泡过的扦插枝剪穗,扦插时将三分之二插入土中,芽叶柄露出土面,将插穗附近的泥土压实,边插边浇水;
(6)后期管理:移栽后,当苗圃地土壤中的水分含量低于15%时,浇一次水;病虫害防治:采用中草药喷雾,中草药水煮液兑10倍量水喷施,同时喷洒叶面肥。草药选用艾草5.5份、猪笼草2.8份、香蒲草3份、驱蚊草1份、大蒜2份、辣椒粉1份、除虫菊2份、桃金娘1份、山药1份。
实施例2
一种安吉白茶的育苗方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)苗圃地准备:苗圃地应选择pH在5.3-6.5之间的微酸性土壤,苗圃地坡度选择15-25°;向苗圃地晒水,保持苗圃地土壤含水量为45%,向苗圃地表面平铺水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶,然后向苗圃地倒入蚯蚓,再在水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶表面盖上一层秸秆和稻壳,每隔15h晒水一次,苗圃地处理时间长为96h;蚯蚓投放的比例为65条/m2。水果皮、玉米棒粉和白茶树叶的质量比为2.5:1.4:1。
(2)苗圃地二次处理:对步骤(1)苗圃地的地面平铺秸秆粉末和稻壳,然后在秸秆粉末和稻壳上均匀施撒缓释有机肥,根据地势进行深耕、晾晒、整平、耙细,深翻的同时将秸秆与稻壳的混合物埋入地下,苗圃地二次处理时长为16天;缓释有机肥按照每亩1500kg/亩施撒,所述缓释有机肥的成分按重量份计:干鱼塘泥42份、鸭粪38份、茶籽饼32份、草木灰28份、沼气残渣16份、茶叶树枝粉40份和茶树叶粉36份。
(3)采枝:当穗母本园留养的新梢中下部呈红棕色,组织开始水质化,腋芽膨大或萌发,叶片成熟的,便可截取扦插枝剪穗扦插;采枝在春节2-3月份进行。
(4)泡枝:步骤(3)扦插枝剪穗放置浸泡液中浸泡2.2h,置于阴凉通风处阴干,备用;浸泡液选用2.5%的复硝基酚钠3500倍液、生根剂450倍液、托布津1500倍液和850倍的百菌清溶液的混合液,所述复硝基酚钠、生根剂、托布津和百菌清溶液重量份比为1.2:3.5:1.7:1。
(5)扦插:在步骤(2)处理的苗圃地上按照株距4cm、行距10cm扦插浸泡过的扦插枝剪穗,扦插时将三分之二插入土中,芽叶柄露出土面,将插穗附近的泥土压实,边插边浇水;
(6)后期管理:移栽后,当苗圃地土壤中的水分含量低于25%时,浇一次水;病虫害防治:采用中草药喷雾,中草药水煮液兑10倍量水喷施,同时喷洒叶面肥。草药选用艾草8.5份、猪笼草5.3份、香蒲草5份、驱蚊草3份、大蒜5份、辣椒粉3份、除虫菊5份、桃金娘2份、山药2份。
实施例3
一种安吉白茶的育苗方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)苗圃地准备:苗圃地应选择pH在5.3-6.5之间的微酸性土壤,苗圃地坡度选择15-25°;向苗圃地晒水,保持苗圃地土壤含水量为40%,向苗圃地表面平铺水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶,然后向苗圃地倒入蚯蚓,再在水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶表面盖上一层秸秆和稻壳,每隔14h晒水一次,苗圃地处理时间长为80h;蚯蚓投放的比例为60条/m2。水果皮、玉米棒粉和白茶树叶的质量比为2.5:1.4:1。
(2)苗圃地二次处理:对步骤(1)苗圃地的地面平铺秸秆粉末和稻壳,然后在秸秆粉末和稻壳上均匀施撒缓释有机肥,根据地势进行深耕、晾晒、整平、耙细,深翻的同时将秸秆与稻壳的混合物埋入地下,苗圃地二次处理时长为14天;缓释有机肥按照每亩1300kg/亩施撒,所述缓释有机肥的成分按重量份计:干鱼塘泥35份、鸭粪32份、茶籽饼28份、草木灰25份、沼气残渣15份、茶叶树枝粉38份和茶树叶粉30份。
(3)采枝:当穗母本园留养的新梢中下部呈红棕色,组织开始水质化,腋芽膨大或萌发,叶片成熟的,便可截取扦插枝剪穗扦插;采枝在春节2-3月份进行。
(4)泡枝:步骤(3)扦插枝剪穗放置浸泡液中浸泡1.8h,置于阴凉通风处阴干,备用;浸泡液选用2.3%的复硝基酚钠2800倍液、生根剂300倍液、托布津1300倍液和百菌清750倍液的混合液,所述复硝基酚钠、生根剂、托布津和百菌清溶液重量份比为1.2:3.5:1.7:1。
(5)扦插:在步骤(2)处理的苗圃地上按照株距4cm、行距10cm扦插浸泡过的扦插枝剪穗,扦插时将三分之二插入土中,芽叶柄露出土面,将插穗附近的泥土压实,边插边浇水;
(6)后期管理:移栽后,当苗圃地土壤中的水分含量低于20%时,浇一次水;病虫害防治:采用中草药喷雾,中草药水煮液兑10倍量水喷施,同时喷洒叶面肥。草药选用艾草7份、猪笼草4份、香蒲草4份、驱蚊草2份、大蒜3份、辣椒粉2份、除虫菊4份、桃金娘1.3份、山药1.5份。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明,但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (7)
1.一种安吉白茶的育苗方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)苗圃地准备:苗圃地应选择pH在5.3-6.5之间的微酸性土壤,苗圃地坡度选择15-25°;向苗圃地晒水,保持苗圃地土壤含水量为35-45%,向苗圃地表面平铺水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶,然后向苗圃地倒入蚯蚓,再在水果皮、菜叶和白茶树叶表面盖上一层秸秆和稻壳,每隔12-15h晒水一次,苗圃地处理时间长为72-96h;
(2)苗圃地二次处理:对步骤(1)苗圃地的地面平铺秸秆粉末和稻壳,然后在秸秆粉末和稻壳上均匀施撒缓释有机肥,根据地势进行深耕、晾晒、整平、耙细,深翻的同时将秸秆与稻壳的混合物埋入地下,苗圃地二次处理时长为12-16天;
(3)采枝:当穗母本园留养的新梢中下部呈红棕色,组织开始水质化,腋芽膨大或萌发,叶片成熟的,便可截取扦插枝剪穗扦插;
(4)泡枝:步骤(3)扦插枝剪穗放置浸泡液中浸泡1.5-2.2h,置于阴凉通风处阴干,备用;
(5)扦插:在步骤(2)处理的苗圃地上按照株距4cm、行距10cm扦插浸泡过的扦插枝剪穗,扦插时将三分之二插入土中,芽叶柄露出土面,将插穗附近的泥土压实,边插边浇水;
(6)后期管理:移栽后,当苗圃地土壤中的水分含量低于15-25%时,浇一次水;病虫害防治:采用中草药喷雾,中草药水煮液兑10倍量水喷施,同时喷洒叶面肥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的安吉白茶的育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中蚯蚓投放的比例为55-65条/m2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的安吉白茶的育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中水果皮、玉米棒粉和白茶树叶的质量比为2.5:1.4:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的安吉白茶的育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的缓释有机肥按照每亩1100-1500kg/亩施撒,所述缓释有机肥的成分按重量份计:干鱼塘泥32-42份、鸭粪22-38份、茶籽饼25-32份、草木灰20-28份、沼气残渣12-16份、茶叶树枝粉35-40份和茶树叶粉25-36份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的安吉白茶的育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)采枝在春节2-3月份进行。
6.根据权利要求1所述的安吉白茶的育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中的浸泡液选用2.2-2.5%的复硝基酚钠2500-3500倍液、生根剂250-450倍液、托布津1200-1500倍液和百菌清650-850倍液的混合液,所述复硝基酚钠、生根剂、托布津和百菌清溶液重量份比为1.2:3.5:1.7:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的安吉白茶的育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)后期管理放入中草药选用艾草5.5-8.5份、猪笼草2.8-5.3份、香蒲草3-5份、驱蚊草1-3份、大蒜2-5份、辣椒粉1-3份、除虫菊2-5份、桃金娘1-2份、山药1-2份。
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