CN108738102A - Intelligent office building temperature and humidity control system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于智能建筑与物联网应用领域，具体地说是一种基于无线传感器网络的智能写字楼温湿度控制系统，用于智能建筑的房间湿度控制。The invention belongs to the application field of intelligent buildings and the Internet of Things, in particular to an intelligent office building temperature and humidity control system based on a wireless sensor network, which is used for room humidity control of intelligent buildings.
背景技术Background technique
气象要素中，对人体健康影响最大的是温度和湿度。建筑中室内的温湿度调节可以使人的工作与生活处于最佳状态，使生活舒适并促进身体健康，并达到节能的目的。Among the meteorological elements, temperature and humidity have the greatest impact on human health. The indoor temperature and humidity adjustment in the building can make people's work and life in the best state, make life comfortable and promote health, and achieve the purpose of energy saving.
对于湿度，夏天室内湿度大时，抑制人体蒸发散热，使人体感到不舒适；冬天湿度过大时，会加速热传导而使人觉得寒冷。室内湿度过低时，因上呼吸道粘膜的水分大量散失而感到口干舌燥，并易感冒。一般来说，人体适宜的相对湿度上限值不超过80％，下限值不低于30％。Regarding humidity, when the indoor humidity is high in summer, it will inhibit the evaporation and heat dissipation of the human body, making the human body feel uncomfortable; when the humidity is too high in winter, it will accelerate heat conduction and make people feel cold. When the indoor humidity is too low, the mouth will feel dry and easy to catch a cold due to the large loss of moisture in the upper respiratory tract mucosa. Generally speaking, the upper limit of relative humidity suitable for the human body is not more than 80%, and the lower limit is not less than 30%.
人的体感并不单纯受其一项指标的影响，而是温湿度两者的综合作用。在医疗气象上把人的体感分为若干个等级来评价室内温湿度是否适宜。通过大量实验得出最适宜人的温湿度是：夏天温度23-28℃，湿度30％-60％；冬天温度18-25℃，湿度30％-80％。在此范围内人们感觉舒适的占95％以上。一般情况下，室内温度控制在22℃-26℃，湿度为40％-50％，人体感觉最舒适，而室内温度在18℃-20℃，湿度为40％-60％时，人的思维最敏捷，工作效率最高。Human body sensation is not simply affected by one of its indicators, but the combined effect of temperature and humidity. In terms of medical meteorology, people's somatosensory is divided into several levels to evaluate whether the indoor temperature and humidity are suitable. Through a large number of experiments, the most suitable temperature and humidity are: summer temperature 23-28 ℃, humidity 30%-60%; winter temperature 18-25 ℃, humidity 30%-80%. In this range, more than 95% of people feel comfortable. Under normal circumstances, the indoor temperature is controlled at 22°C-26°C and the humidity is 40%-50%. Be agile and work efficiently.
无线传感器网络是物联网应用推进的主要领域。无线传感器网络技术是通信技术、计算机技术、微机电技术等多学科的交叉领域，近年来成为国内外研究的热点，并被视为未来信息产业的支柱。无线传感器网络的一个重要特点是摆脱了传统传感器网络的连线限制，使用无线通信方式形成网络，具有安装方便、结构灵活等特点。Wireless sensor network is the main field of IoT application promotion. Wireless sensor network technology is an interdisciplinary field of communication technology, computer technology, micro-electromechanical technology, etc. It has become a research hotspot at home and abroad in recent years, and is regarded as the pillar of the future information industry. An important feature of wireless sensor networks is that they get rid of the connection restrictions of traditional sensor networks and use wireless communication to form a network, which has the characteristics of convenient installation and flexible structure.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了弥补现有技术的不足，提供了一种智能写字楼温湿度控制系统。The object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent office building temperature and humidity control system in order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种智能写字楼温湿度控制系统，它包括监控主机、以太网交换机、Zigbee网关、簇首节点和温湿度传感节点，每层楼部署1台Zigbee网关，由1个簇首节点和多个温湿度传感节点组成星状网络，由簇首节点之间组成ZigBee网状网络，由ZigBee网状网络与星状网络混合组成每层楼的组网结构，每层楼的ZigBee网状网络连接到Zigbee网关，Zigbee网关通过以太网连接到以太网交换机并与监控主机相连；An intelligent office building temperature and humidity control system, which includes a monitoring host, an Ethernet switch, a Zigbee gateway, a cluster head node, and a temperature and humidity sensor node. One Zigbee gateway is deployed on each floor, consisting of a cluster head node and multiple temperature and humidity The humidity sensor nodes form a star network, and the ZigBee mesh network is composed of the cluster head nodes. The network structure of each floor is composed of the ZigBee mesh network and the star network. The ZigBee mesh network of each floor is connected to Zigbee gateway, the Zigbee gateway is connected to the Ethernet switch through Ethernet and connected to the monitoring host;
簇首节点部署于1个或几个房间中，根据多个温湿度传感节点的温湿度测量结果综合判断房间内的温湿度状况，为1个或几个房间提供统一的湿度调节；每1个房间中部署多个温湿度传感节点，对房间温湿度进行测量；The cluster head nodes are deployed in one or several rooms, and comprehensively judge the temperature and humidity conditions in the room according to the temperature and humidity measurement results of multiple temperature and humidity sensor nodes, and provide unified humidity regulation for one or several rooms; Deploy multiple temperature and humidity sensor nodes in a room to measure the room temperature and humidity;
监控主机接收每个节点的状态数据并监控整个系统的工作情况，且监控主机接收来自ZigBee网状网络的数据，并可向Zigbee网状网络及簇首节点发送控制命令和进行参数设置。The monitoring host receives the status data of each node and monitors the working conditions of the entire system, and the monitoring host receives data from the ZigBee mesh network, and can send control commands and parameter settings to the Zigbee mesh network and cluster head nodes.
进一步地，它还包括加湿/去湿执行节点和遥控功能节点，加湿/去湿执行节点根据簇首节点发送的指令控制加湿器或去湿器执行加湿或去湿；遥控功能节点提供对相应的簇首节点发送人工控制指令以及设置工作模式与参数。Further, it also includes a humidification/dehumidification execution node and a remote control function node. The humidification/dehumidification execution node controls the humidifier or dehumidifier to perform humidification or dehumidification according to the instructions sent by the cluster head node; the remote control function node provides the corresponding The cluster head node sends manual control commands and sets the working mode and parameters.
进一步地，监控主机采用C/S架构设计的软件，由簇首节点负责向服务器发送数据，服务器对数据进行存储、显示。Furthermore, the monitoring host adopts the software designed by C/S architecture, and the cluster head node is responsible for sending data to the server, and the server stores and displays the data.
进一步地，温湿度传感节点的硬件结构包括温湿度传感器单元、微处理器处理单元、通信单元和电源单元，其中温湿度传感器采用DHT11，采用数字信号的传输方式，微处理器处理单元包括CC2530及其附属电路，通信单元用于各节点间及节点与协调器的通信；Further, the hardware structure of the temperature and humidity sensing node includes a temperature and humidity sensor unit, a microprocessor processing unit, a communication unit and a power supply unit, wherein the temperature and humidity sensor adopts DHT11, adopts digital signal transmission mode, and the microprocessor processing unit includes CC2530 And its auxiliary circuit, the communication unit is used for the communication between each node and the node and the coordinator;
DHT11中有一个感湿元件和测温元件，DHT11与微处理器处理单元连接采用SPI接口。There is a humidity sensing element and a temperature measuring element in the DHT11, and the connection between the DHT11 and the microprocessor processing unit adopts the SPI interface.
进一步地，加湿/去湿执行节点的硬件结构包括加湿/去湿执行单元、微处理器处理单元、通信单元和电源单元，其中加湿/去湿执行单元由加湿器或去湿器与继电器组成，继电器用于控制加湿器或去湿器的电源开关。Further, the hardware structure of the humidification/dehumidification execution node includes a humidification/dehumidification execution unit, a microprocessor processing unit, a communication unit and a power supply unit, wherein the humidification/dehumidification execution unit is composed of a humidifier or dehumidifier and a relay, The relay is used to control the power switch of the humidifier or dehumidifier.
进一步地，遥控功能节点的硬件结构包括输入/显示单元、微处理器处理单元、通信单元和电源单元，其中输入/显示单元由LCD12864显示屏来显示，LCD12864采用串口驱动方式。Furthermore, the hardware structure of the remote control function node includes an input/display unit, a microprocessor processing unit, a communication unit and a power supply unit, where the input/display unit is displayed by the LCD12864 display screen, and the LCD12864 adopts a serial port drive mode.
进一步地，根据房间的行政归属或人员归属，每层楼的ZigBee网状网络划分为若干个相对独立的逻辑簇，每个逻辑簇所对应的区域内的湿度是进行统一调整的；Further, according to the administrative or personnel ownership of the room, the ZigBee mesh network on each floor is divided into several relatively independent logical clusters, and the humidity in the area corresponding to each logical cluster is uniformly adjusted;
每个逻辑簇有且仅有一个簇首节点，簇首节点负责ZigBee网状网络范围内的逻辑簇的建立和簇内节点相关路由信息的广播。Each logical cluster has one and only one cluster head node, and the cluster head node is responsible for the establishment of logical clusters within the scope of the ZigBee mesh network and the broadcast of routing information related to nodes in the cluster.
进一步地，ZigBee网状网络在2.4GHz频段具有16个独立的信道，在每个信道上部署独立的网络，Z-Stack通过设置信道列表值DEFAULT_CHANLIST，定义网络设备默认使用的信道，信道默认列表在Z-Stack文件目录中的f8wConfig.cfg文件中定义，共计32位，且这些独立的网络分别位于不同的楼层，分别通过Zigbee网关连接到以太网交换机后，连接到监控主机。Furthermore, the ZigBee mesh network has 16 independent channels in the 2.4GHz frequency band, and an independent network is deployed on each channel. Z-Stack defines the default channels used by network devices by setting the channel list value DEFAULT_CHANLIST. The default channel list is in It is defined in the f8wConfig.cfg file in the Z-Stack file directory, with a total of 32 bits, and these independent networks are located on different floors. After connecting to the Ethernet switch through the Zigbee gateway, they are connected to the monitoring host.
本发明的有益效果：本系统较好地解决了房间内温湿度往往存在一定梯度的问题，采用多个温湿度传感节点进行测量温湿度，最后根据多个温湿度传感节点的测量结果综合判断房间内的温湿度状况，启动加湿或去湿操作。此外，根据房间的行政归属或人员归属，将每层楼的ZigBee网状网络划分为若干个相对独立的逻辑簇。不同房间根据不同人群对温湿度的要求通过相应的簇首节点进行控制，具有更人性化的特点。Beneficial effects of the present invention: This system better solves the problem that the temperature and humidity in the room often have a certain gradient, and uses multiple temperature and humidity sensing nodes to measure the temperature and humidity, and finally synthesizes the results according to the measurement results of multiple temperature and humidity sensing nodes. Judge the temperature and humidity in the room, and start the humidification or dehumidification operation. In addition, according to the administrative or personnel ownership of the room, the ZigBee mesh network on each floor is divided into several relatively independent logical clusters. Different rooms are controlled through the corresponding cluster-head nodes according to the temperature and humidity requirements of different groups of people, which is more humane.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the description, and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1是本发明的智能写字楼温湿度控制系统的结构框图；Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of intelligent office building temperature and humidity control system of the present invention;
图2是由ZigBee网状网络与星状网络混合组成的组网结构图；Figure 2 is a network structure diagram composed of ZigBee mesh network and star network;
图3是温湿度传感节点硬件结构图；Fig. 3 is the hardware structural diagram of temperature and humidity sensor node;
图4是加湿/去湿执行节点硬件结构图；Figure 4 is a hardware structure diagram of the humidification/dehumidification execution node;
图5是遥控功能节点硬件结构图。Fig. 5 is a hardware structural diagram of the remote control function node.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
本发明一种智能写字楼温湿度控制系统，由监控主机、以太网交换机、Zigbee网关、簇首节点、温湿度传感节点和加湿/去湿执行节点组成，如图1所示。该系统部署于智能建筑中，每层楼部署1台Zigbee网关，如果建筑只有1层，则不需要以太网交换机，簇首节点部署于1个或几个房间中，为该1个或几个房间提供统一的湿度调节。温湿度传感节点完成对房间温湿度的测量，由于房间内温度往往存在一定的梯度，而相对湿度是温度的函数，温度严重地影响着指定空间内的相对湿度。温度每变化0.1℃。将产生0.5％RH的湿度变化误差。因此，采用多个温湿度传感节点进行测量，最后根据多个温湿度传感节点的温湿度测量结果综合判断房间内的温湿度状况。当室内的温湿度条件满足所设定的温湿度调整条件时，簇首节点向加湿/去湿执行节点发送指令，启动加湿器或去湿器进行加湿或去湿操作。也可以设置簇首节点为人工控制模式，在这种模式下可以进行人工控制与调节加湿或去湿操作。An intelligent office building temperature and humidity control system according to the present invention is composed of a monitoring host, an Ethernet switch, a Zigbee gateway, a cluster head node, a temperature and humidity sensor node, and a humidification/dehumidification execution node, as shown in FIG. 1 . The system is deployed in an intelligent building, and one Zigbee gateway is deployed on each floor. If the building has only one floor, an Ethernet switch is not needed, and the cluster head node is deployed in one or several rooms. The room provides uniform humidity regulation. The temperature and humidity sensor node completes the measurement of the room temperature and humidity. Since the temperature in the room often has a certain gradient, and the relative humidity is a function of temperature, the temperature seriously affects the relative humidity in the specified space. For every 0.1°C change in temperature. There will be a humidity change error of 0.5%RH. Therefore, multiple temperature and humidity sensor nodes are used for measurement, and finally the temperature and humidity conditions in the room are comprehensively judged according to the temperature and humidity measurement results of multiple temperature and humidity sensor nodes. When the indoor temperature and humidity conditions meet the set temperature and humidity adjustment conditions, the cluster head node sends instructions to the humidification/dehumidification execution node to start the humidifier or dehumidifier to perform humidification or dehumidification operations. It is also possible to set the cluster head node to manual control mode, in which manual control and adjustment of humidification or dehumidification can be performed.
每一层楼有一个Zigbee网关，每层楼的组网结构由ZigBee网状网络与星状网络混合组成。每层的Zigbee网关通过以太网连接到监控室的以太网交换机并与监控主机相连。监控主机可以接收到每个节点的状态数据并可以监控整个系统的工作情况。Each floor has a Zigbee gateway, and the network structure of each floor is composed of Zigbee mesh network and star network. The Zigbee gateway on each floor is connected to the Ethernet switch in the monitoring room through Ethernet and connected to the monitoring host. The monitoring host can receive the status data of each node and monitor the working conditions of the entire system.
ZigBee网状网络与星状网络混合组网结构示意图如图2所示。结合网状网络和星状网络优点，搭建簇首路由节点和终端设备混合的网络。图中深灰色(中)为簇首节点，浅灰色(小)为终端节点。根据房间具体情况，需统一调整湿度的一个或几个房间内，包含一个簇首节点和几个终端节点组成星状网络，以解决房间内温湿度测量的梯度问题。终端节点设备由相应簇首节点设备代为执行网络路由；簇首节点设备和终端节点设备构成类似于星状的网络；簇首节点之间构成ZigBee网状网络，是网络中的数据传输的骨干网络，通过提供冗余路径，确保数据传输可靠性，从而提高网络健壮性。星状网络系统响应速度较快，不需路由控制信息，系统计算和存储资源占据较少，网络复杂性小。网络中设备节点主要分为协调器节点、簇首路由器节点和终端设备节点三种设备类型，Z-Stack通过在工程中编译不同的配置文件区分设备角色。The schematic diagram of the mixed networking structure of ZigBee mesh network and star network is shown in Fig. 2 . Combine the advantages of mesh network and star network to build a mixed network of cluster head routing nodes and terminal devices. In the figure, the dark gray (middle) is the cluster head node, and the light gray (small) is the terminal node. According to the specific conditions of the room, one or several rooms that need to uniformly adjust the humidity include a cluster head node and several terminal nodes to form a star network to solve the gradient problem of temperature and humidity measurement in the room. The terminal node device is executed by the corresponding cluster head node device on behalf of the network routing; the cluster head node device and the terminal node device form a star-like network; the cluster head nodes form a ZigBee mesh network, which is the backbone network for data transmission in the network , by providing redundant paths to ensure data transmission reliability, thereby improving network robustness. The star network system responds faster, does not need to route control information, occupies less system computing and storage resources, and has less network complexity. Device nodes in the network are mainly divided into three device types: coordinator node, cluster head router node and terminal device node. Z-Stack distinguishes device roles by compiling different configuration files in the project.
不同的楼层使用不同的信道，ZigBee在2.4GHz频段具有16个独立的信道，在每个信道上可部署独立的网络，这些网络能够同时存在，并不会相互干扰。Z-Stack通过设置信道列表值DEFAULT_CHANLIST，定义网络设备默认使用的信道。信道默认列表在Z-Stack文件目录中的f8wConfig.cfg文件中定义，共计32位。使用某一信道需将其对应位置1。这些独立的网络分别位于不同的楼层，分别通过Zigbee网关，连接到以太网交换机后，连接到监控主机。Different floors use different channels. ZigBee has 16 independent channels in the 2.4GHz frequency band, and an independent network can be deployed on each channel. These networks can exist at the same time without interfering with each other. Z-Stack defines the default channels used by network devices by setting the channel list value DEFAULT_CHANLIST. The channel default list is defined in the f8wConfig.cfg file in the Z-Stack file directory, with a total of 32 bits. To use a certain channel, its corresponding bit must be set to 1. These independent networks are located on different floors, and are respectively connected to the monitoring host through the Zigbee gateway, after being connected to the Ethernet switch.
路由协议使用静态地址分配的方案。源节点向处于簇内的目的节点发送数据报文时，通过簇首节点转发。而向处于其他簇的目的节点发送数据报文时，会使用AODV路由发现机制。其基本算法流程为：源发送节点通过簇标判断目的节点归属于簇内还是簇外；如果是簇内，将通过簇首节点转发，簇内的网络节点不使用路由表，显著地减少了对存储空间的使用；如果是簇外，将会执行AODV网状路由，若路由表中存在到达目的节点的下一跳地址，则使用根据路由表中的地址执行下一跳。若路由表中不存在到达目的地址的下一跳地址，则启动基于泛洪机制的路由发现。Routing protocols use a static address assignment scheme. When the source node sends a data message to the destination node in the cluster, it is forwarded by the cluster head node. When sending data packets to destination nodes in other clusters, the AODV route discovery mechanism will be used. The basic algorithm flow is as follows: the source sending node judges whether the destination node belongs to the cluster or outside the cluster through the cluster label; The use of storage space; if it is outside the cluster, AODV mesh routing will be executed. If there is a next hop address to the destination node in the routing table, the next hop will be executed according to the address in the routing table. If the next hop address to the destination address does not exist in the routing table, the route discovery based on the flooding mechanism is started.
根据房间的行政归属或人员归属，将每层楼的ZigBee网状网络划分为若干个相对独立的逻辑簇。每一个簇是指ZigBee网状网络中逻辑上归属在一个区域的节点集合，每个簇所对应的区域内的湿度是进行统一调整的。簇首节点在每个逻辑簇有且仅有一个，是整个簇的核心节点，在该簇的控制范围内起着路由控制和管理作用。簇首节点设备中存储着本簇内的相关成员信息和路由信息。同时，簇首节点同样又属于簇和簇之间整体网络的簇内成员。为标记一个簇内的成员归属簇，每个簇成员需要一个网络范围内唯一的簇标记。为兼容网络节点AODV路由寻址，簇标记为簇首节点的网络地址。簇首节点负责ZigBee网状网络范围内的逻辑簇的建立和簇内节点相关路由信息的广播。普通簇成员节点与簇首节点组成星形网，不具有路由能力，由簇首节点代为执行数据包路由功能。According to the administrative affiliation or personnel affiliation of the room, the ZigBee mesh network on each floor is divided into several relatively independent logical clusters. Each cluster refers to a set of nodes logically belonging to an area in the ZigBee mesh network, and the humidity in the area corresponding to each cluster is uniformly adjusted. There is only one cluster head node in each logical cluster, which is the core node of the entire cluster and plays a role of routing control and management within the control range of the cluster. The cluster head node device stores relevant member information and routing information in the cluster. At the same time, the cluster head node also belongs to the cluster members of the overall network between clusters. To mark members within a cluster as belonging to the cluster, each cluster member needs a network-wide unique cluster mark. To be compatible with AODV routing addressing of network nodes, the cluster mark is the network address of the cluster head node. The cluster head node is responsible for the establishment of logical clusters within the scope of the ZigBee mesh network and the broadcast of routing information related to nodes in the cluster. Ordinary cluster member nodes and cluster head nodes form a star network, which does not have routing capabilities, and the cluster head nodes perform data packet routing functions on their behalf.
路由过程整体包括路由请求和路由应答两方面内容，可以划分为簇内的路由和簇间的路由。簇内的路由是指数据包发送的目的地址位于网络中的同一个簇内，根据簇首节点的成员信息来计算数据包的下一跳地址，不必执行路由发现过程。当网络中的目的节点不在一个相同的簇内时，并且在节点的路由表中没有目的地址的相关路由条目，路由协议则启动簇间的路由协议程序，即网状路由协议。ZigBee簇间网络依照AODV网状路由执行到达目的节点的路由发现，节点依据路由表中的相关路由信息发送数据。The overall routing process includes routing request and routing response, which can be divided into intra-cluster routing and inter-cluster routing. Intra-cluster routing means that the destination address of the data packet is located in the same cluster in the network, and the next-hop address of the data packet is calculated according to the member information of the cluster head node, without performing the route discovery process. When the destination node in the network is not in the same cluster, and there is no routing entry related to the destination address in the routing table of the node, the routing protocol starts the routing protocol program between the clusters, that is, the mesh routing protocol. The ZigBee inter-cluster network performs route discovery to the destination node according to AODV mesh routing, and the node sends data according to the relevant routing information in the routing table.
节点从硬件角度分为三种类型：温湿度传感节点，加湿/去湿执行节点，遥控功能节点。温湿度传感节点完成对房间温湿度的测量，由于房间内温度往往存在一定的梯度，因此，采用多个温湿度传感节点进行测量，最后根据多个温湿度传感节点的温湿度测量结果综合判断房间内的温湿度状况。加湿/去湿执行节点控制加湿器或去湿器执行加湿或去湿，当室内的温湿度条件满足所设定的温湿度调整条件时，加湿/去湿执行节点接受簇首节点指令，启动加湿器或去湿器进行加湿或去湿操作。遥控功能节点提供对簇首节点的遥控功能。控制者通过遥控功能节点向簇首节点发送控制指令，设置工作模式与参数；接收簇首节点的回应并显示在液晶屏上。Nodes are divided into three types from the perspective of hardware: temperature and humidity sensing nodes, humidification/dehumidification execution nodes, and remote control function nodes. The temperature and humidity sensor node completes the measurement of the temperature and humidity of the room. Since the temperature in the room often has a certain gradient, multiple temperature and humidity sensor nodes are used for measurement, and finally according to the temperature and humidity measurement results of multiple temperature and humidity sensor nodes Comprehensively judge the temperature and humidity conditions in the room. The humidification/dehumidification execution node controls the humidifier or dehumidifier to perform humidification or dehumidification. When the indoor temperature and humidity conditions meet the set temperature and humidity adjustment conditions, the humidification/dehumidification execution node accepts the command of the cluster head node and starts humidification Humidifier or dehumidifier for humidification or dehumidification operation. The remote control function node provides the remote control function to the cluster head node. The controller sends control instructions to the cluster-head node through the remote control function node, and sets the working mode and parameters; receives the response of the cluster-head node and displays it on the LCD screen.
温湿度传感节点的硬件结构如图3所示，簇首节点的硬件结构也是如图3所示，只是Z-Stack在工程中编译不同的配置文件区分温湿度传感节点和簇首节点的设备角色。加湿/去湿执行节点硬件结构如图4所示，遥控功能节点硬件结构如图5所示。The hardware structure of the temperature and humidity sensor node is shown in Figure 3, and the hardware structure of the cluster head node is also shown in Figure 3, but Z-Stack compiles different configuration files in the project to distinguish between the temperature and humidity sensor node and the cluster head node device role. The hardware structure of the humidification/dehumidification execution node is shown in Figure 4, and the hardware structure of the remote control function node is shown in Figure 5.
微处理器处理单元主要由CC2530及其附属电路组成，通信单元完成各节点间及节点与协调器的通信功能。温湿度传感节点中温湿度传感器单元采用DHT11，它集采集温度和湿度于一体，所测数据非常的可靠，使用非常方便，采用数字信号的传输方式。DHT11传感器中有一个感湿元件和测温元件，感湿元件是利于电阻在不同的湿度时的电阻值的不同来测量湿度的，测温元件是利用负的温度系数的温度敏感元件做的测温探头。DHT11与微处理器处理单元连接采用SPI接口，信号的传输稳定可靠。The microprocessor processing unit is mainly composed of CC2530 and its auxiliary circuits, and the communication unit completes the communication functions between nodes and between nodes and the coordinator. The temperature and humidity sensor unit in the temperature and humidity sensor node adopts DHT11, which integrates the collection of temperature and humidity. The measured data is very reliable and easy to use. It adopts the digital signal transmission method. There is a humidity sensing element and a temperature measuring element in the DHT11 sensor. The humidity sensing element is beneficial to the difference in the resistance value of the resistance at different humidity to measure the humidity. The temperature measuring element is made of a temperature sensitive element with a negative temperature coefficient. temperature probe. The connection between DHT11 and the microprocessor processing unit adopts SPI interface, and the signal transmission is stable and reliable.
加湿/去湿执行节点中加湿/去湿执行单元由加湿器或去湿器与继电器组成，继电器用来控制加湿器或去湿器的电源开关。这里采用的是松乐SRS-05VDC-SL继电器。当簇首节点计算发现温湿度条件满足需执行加湿/去湿操作时；或者接收到指令，控制者人为要求执行加湿/去湿时，微处理器处理单元启动继电器，接通加湿器或去湿器，完成相应加湿/去湿操作。当微处理器接收到指令需暂停相应操作时，控制继电器停止相应加湿/去湿操作。The humidification/dehumidification execution unit in the humidification/dehumidification execution node consists of a humidifier or dehumidifier and a relay, and the relay is used to control the power switch of the humidifier or dehumidifier. The Songle SRS-05VDC-SL relay is used here. When the cluster head node calculates that the temperature and humidity conditions are satisfied and needs to perform humidification/dehumidification operations; or receives instructions and the controller artificially requires humidification/dehumidification, the microprocessor processing unit starts the relay and turns on the humidifier or dehumidification device to complete the corresponding humidification/dehumidification operations. When the microprocessor receives an instruction to suspend the corresponding operation, the control relay stops the corresponding humidification/dehumidification operation.
遥控功能节点的输入/显示单元由LCD12864显示屏完成显示功能。该模块具有低电压、低功耗、操作指令方便、接口方式灵活等特点，可以构成全中文的人机图形界面。LCD12864可以使用串口和并口两种方式通讯，但是由于CC2530的I/O口资源比较紧缺，所以我们采用串口驱动方式。The input/display unit of the remote control function node is completed by the LCD12864 display screen. The module has the characteristics of low voltage, low power consumption, convenient operation instructions, flexible interface, etc., and can form a man-machine graphical interface in Chinese. LCD12864 can use serial port and parallel port to communicate, but because the I/O port resources of CC2530 are relatively scarce, we use serial port driver.
由于房间内温度往往存在一定的梯度，因此，采用多个温湿度传感节点进行测量，最后根据多个温湿度传感节点的温湿度测量结果综合判断房间内的温湿度状况，目前采用的是簇首节点求各个温湿度传感节点的温度平均值和湿度平均值，然后与在温度平均值所对应的湿度阈值上下限进行比较，如果不在要求范围内，则簇首节点发送指令启动加湿/去湿执行节点进行加湿或去湿操作。湿度阈值是人工通过遥控功能节点向簇首节点发送指令设置的。Since the temperature in the room often has a certain gradient, multiple temperature and humidity sensor nodes are used for measurement, and finally the temperature and humidity conditions in the room are comprehensively judged based on the temperature and humidity measurement results of multiple temperature and humidity sensor nodes. Currently, the The cluster head node calculates the average temperature and humidity of each temperature and humidity sensor node, and then compares it with the upper and lower limits of the humidity threshold corresponding to the average temperature. If it is not within the required range, the cluster head node sends an instruction to start humidification/ The dehumidification execution node performs humidification or dehumidification operations. The humidity threshold is manually set by sending instructions from the remote control function node to the cluster head node.
Zigbee网关连接Zigbee网状网络和以太网两个相互独立的网络。所有节点数据均发送给网关，并由其进行地址、协议转换，提取出有效信息数据重新封转成TCP/IP数据包后发送给以太网；反之，以太网数据也需由网关进行地址、协议转换后，才发送给Zigbee网状网络；嵌入式网关是以太网数据与Zigbee无线网络数据交换的中转站。监控主机可远程监控系统的工作情况，监控主机接收来自ZigBee网状网络的数据，并可向Zigbee网状网络及簇首节点发送控制命令和进行参数设置。监控主机软件采用C/S架构进行设计，由客户端即ZigBee簇首节点负责向服务器发送数据，服务器对数据进行存储、显示等。Zigbee gateway connects Zigbee mesh network and Ethernet two mutually independent networks. All node data is sent to the gateway, and the address and protocol conversion are performed by it, and the effective information data is extracted and re-encapsulated into TCP/IP data packets and then sent to the Ethernet; otherwise, the Ethernet data also needs to be addressed by the gateway. After conversion, it is sent to the Zigbee mesh network; the embedded gateway is a transfer station for the exchange of Ethernet data and Zigbee wireless network data. The monitoring host can remotely monitor the working conditions of the system. The monitoring host receives data from the ZigBee mesh network, and can send control commands and set parameters to the Zigbee mesh network and cluster head nodes. The monitoring host software is designed with C/S architecture, and the client, namely the ZigBee cluster head node, is responsible for sending data to the server, and the server stores and displays the data.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still understand the foregoing embodiments The recorded technical solutions are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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