CN108736973A - A kind of FM encoding decoding of visible light communication and extended code method - Google Patents
A kind of FM encoding decoding of visible light communication and extended code method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
- H04B10/116—Visible light communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of FM encoding decoding of visible light communication and extended code methods.This method includes following operating procedure：Original data bits are encoded and are added single communication head according to frequency modulation method first, encoding driver by LED drives LED is luminous to cycle through the coding；Then LED light is shot by image receiver module, obtains strip encoding figure, be decoded according to the single communication head in image through image processing module, obtain original data bits；When the group/cording quantity of single communication header encoder output is inadequate, different communication head can be used to provide order information, extended code is realized by the combination of multigroup coding.The FM encoding decoding of visible light communication of the present invention and extended code method, method simply easily realize there is higher luminous flux modulation rate so that LED illumination performance is protected；The segmented communication that can realize long data by the combination of different communication header encoder simultaneously, dramatically increases group/cording quantity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical communication fields, and in particular to a kind of FM encoding decoding of visible light communication and extended code method.
Background technology
With the birth and application of the urban developments new concept such as energy conservation and environmental protection, LED light by its higher energy efficiency with
And longer service life, it is increasingly becoming factory, shop, the essential lighting apparatus of household.In addition to illumination functions, LED tools
There is the ability of high-speed switch.Compared to lighting apparatus used at present such as fluorescent lamp, the light sources such as incandescent lamp bulb have and are easy to modulate
Characteristic, thus LED visible light is alternatively indoor user and provides easily data service.With based on radio frequency (Radio
Frequency, RF) technology compare, as WIFI communication, radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification,
RFID) technology, VLC bandwidth resources are abundant, power consumption is relatively low, privacy is high, no electromagnetic interference, because encountering wall meeting in transmission process
It is blocked, light has been limited in certain region, protects communication privacy.Although sacrificing transmission range, in family, quotient
There is value more outstanding in the practical applications such as field, parking lot.
Current smart mobile phone is increasingly popularized, and smart mobile phone has become the life tool of people's indispensability, cell-phone camera greatest service
Material base can have been established to receive light signal.Mobile phone camera on the market uses cmos image to sense substantially at present
Device, cmos image sensor are exposed with electronics shutter control, and the different operating mode and sequential of identical array of structures can generate
Different electronic shutter modes, including rolling shutter and global shutter Exposure mode, current mobile phone camera use rolling substantially
Shutter mode.In this mode, cmos image sensor array exposes line by line, then reads line by line.Because rolling frequency phase
It is very fast compared with LED flicker frequencies, bar graph as light and dark on the image is showed after exposure.Frequency is rolled by camera itself
It determines, frequency does not change, therefore can show desirable strip encoding on the image by the flicker frequency of change LED.
Common compiling method has nrz encoding method, Manchester's code method and PPM compiling methods.In the volume based on data flow
In code method, unit bright fringes presentation code 1, unit dark fringe presentation code 0 may cause lamps and lanterns if there is excessive 0
Flicker, the stabilization of illumination may be influenced if 0 and 1 number difference variation range is excessive, or even LED lamp circuit can be interfered
Normal operation.And Manchester's code using the saltus step direction of signal come determination data, with 2 coded representations, 1 data, coding
Efficiency only has 50%, but it also ensures the equal of 1 and 0 number, no matter needs how the coding transmitted changes, it can ensure
1 has 50% accounting, realizes balance transmission.PPM encodes the periodic optical pulse that the carrier wave used is interrupted, by the two of information source
Binary information controls the position of pulse by encoding, therefore code efficiency also only has 50%.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of FM encoding of visible light communication for insufficient existing for prior art
Decoding and extended code method provide lighting apparatus and carry image collection module on the basis of taking into account illumination and code efficiency
Mobile device the means of communication.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of FM encoding decoding of visible light communication and extended code method, include the following steps：Step 1: by initial data
Position encodes and adds single communication head according to frequency modulation method, and encoding driver by LED drives LED is luminous to cycle through the coding.Step
Rapid two, image receiver module shoots LED lamps, obtains light and shade strip encoding image.Step 3: image processing module is according to image
In single communication head be decoded, obtain original data bits.Optionally it may also include after the step 3：Step 4:
When the code capacity of single communication header encoder output is unsatisfactory for demand very little, the long data for meeting capacity requirement can be built, by the length
Data split into multistage short data, and every section of short data carries out frequency modulation method coding and adds the different communication head for carrying order information, solution
Every section of short data is obtained after code and is combined into original long data according to communication head order, realizes data extended code.
Single communication head data-encoding scheme in the step 1 is fixed LED lamp each shut-in time, that is, receives figure
The dark fringe width of picture is constant；Change bright fringes width by changing LED lamp service time, represents frequency variation.With two into
System codingIndicate " 0 " binary data, most short is " 01 "；CodingIndicate that " 1 " data, b > a are most short
Can be " 011 " that 1 number can be increased or decreased according to scene difference in coding, but need to ensure the striped of data " 0 " and data " 1 "
Image can be distinguished.
Single communication header encoder is in the step 1m>b>A, most short communication head may be configured as " 0111 ".Into one
Step, according to the coding/decoding method of the step 3, most wide bright fringes is found, that is, communicates head characteristic area, unit bright fringes can be obtained
Datum widthIt is traversed to the right from communication head, according to each bright fringes absolute width, does compare with datum width successively,
Width scalar is obtained after normalized, i.e., 1 number that each bright fringes represents judges corresponding bright fringes generation according to width scalar
The data bit of table, then traversed to the left from communication head successively, left data position is obtained, two groups of data are combined, you can obtain original
Data；
Optionally when the code capacity of single communication header encoder is unable to meet demand very little, it can be provided with different communication heads
Order information realizes the combination extended code of multistage coding, such as communicates head and isWhen indicate high position data head,When indicate
Low data head, m ≠ n；After every section of coding decodes respectively, you can carry out the spelling of two groups of data according to the order information of communication head
It connects；When the two continuous frames coding that LED is sent is different sections of coding, one 0 coding of addition is needed to be subject between this two frame coding
It distinguishes, the dark fringe of corresponding 00 coding occurs in two frames coding boundary after 0 coding of addition, and encoding dark fringe with data field 0 is subject to
It distinguishes.When further, according to mostly logical decoding headers, judge whether the left end of maximum dark fringe is 00 coding dark fringe, if
It is then only to allow to traverse decoding to the right；If it is not, then single communication head decoding technique can be applied, i.e., to the two-way traversal of from left to right
Decoding.When original data bits are more, k sections can be split into, setting k is similar to according to the method Communication head, communication head order is indicated by 1 number, segment data is provided
Order information realizes segment encoding, decoding and the combination of long data.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following obvious prominent substantive distinguishing features and notable technological progress：
For nrz encoding with the variation of coding, luminous flux modulation rate variation range is larger, needs to carry out complicated coding screening to ensure light
Flux modulation rate, and frequency modulation method replaces data " 0 " and " 1 " because of the encoding characteristics of itself using fixed coding, it need to be according to feelings
The part that condition changes is only communication header point, need not carry out complicated coding and screen to ensure luminous flux modulation rate.It is decoding
There is uniformity in process, need not table look-up to decode, meet and simplify step of tabling look-up on the basis of illuminating, have good one
Cause property and terseness.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that Visible Light Camera communicates head communication scheme more
Fig. 2 is that CMOS rolls Exposure mode
Fig. 3 is the bar graph of camera shooting gained
Fig. 4 is that example 1 encodes frequency diagram
Fig. 5 is data " 231 " strip encoding figure
Fig. 6 is that example 2 encodes frequency diagram
Fig. 7 is 3 low data region of extended code method example
Fig. 8 is 3 high position data region of extended code method example
Specific implementation mode
With reference to preferred embodiment and attached drawing elaborate implementation process of the invention and itself the characteristics of and
Advantage, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited only to this.
Embodiment one：Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 5,
The FM encoding decoding of this visible light communication and extended code method, operating procedure are as follows：Step 1: by original data bits
Single communication head is encoded and adds according to frequency modulation method, encoding driver by LED drives LED is luminous to cycle through the coding.Step
Two, image receiver module shoots LED light, obtains light and shade strip encoding image.Step 3: image processing module is according in image
Single communication head is decoded, and obtains data bit.Step 4: as shown in Figure 1, the code capacity in single communication header encoder output is very little
When being unsatisfactory for demand, the required long data for meeting capacity requirement can be built, which is split into multistage short data, it is every section short
Data carry out frequency modulation method coding and add the different communication head for carrying order information, every section of short data are obtained after decoding and according to communication
Head order is combined into original long data, realizes data extended code.
It describes in detail below：
Step 1: mobile phone camera on the market uses cmos image sensor, cmos image sensing substantially at present
Device is exposed with electronics shutter control, uses rolling shutter Exposure mode substantially at present.In this mode, as shown in Fig. 2, CMOS schemes
As sensor array exposes line by line, then read line by line.It is very fast compared to LED flicker frequencies because rolling frequency, it is showed after exposure
As light and dark bar graph on the image.It rolls frequency and determines that frequency does not change by camera itself, therefore can pass through
The flicker frequency for changing LED, shows desirable strip encoding on the image.Accordingly, it would be desirable to which the data of transmission are according to two
Scale codingIndicate " 0 " binary data, most short is " 01 ", codingIndicate " 1 " data (b > a),
Most short is " 011 ", but need to ensure that data " 0 " can be distinguished with data " 1 ".In order to successfully realize decoding, it is necessary to provide communication
To provide decoding start positions information, present invention use is encoded to headSingle communication head provide decoding start positions letter
Breath, but need to be with the coding of expression data " 1 "There are apparent differentiation, most short communication head to may be configured as " 0111 ", compiled by LED
Code driver driving LED, which shines, cycles through the first step that the coding just completes method.
Step 2: mobile phone camera shoots LED, it is exactly light and dark bar graph to be presented on picture, as shown in Figure 3.
Next image procossing can be carried out according to the picture, be decoded.
Step 3: after obtaining the image such as Fig. 3, widest bright fringes can be significantly found out (to ensure the effective of bright fringes
Property, i.e., bright fringes both sides must all have dark fringe to ensure the integrality of data), it can be concluded that the region is exactly to communicate head
Part, according to the coding for communicating head originallyUnit bright fringes datum width can be obtainedTo the right time from communication head
It goes through, sequentially finds effective bright fringes, according to each bright fringes absolute width, do compare with datum width successively, after normalized
To width scalar (1 number that i.e. each bright fringes represents), the data value that corresponding bright fringes represents is judged according to width scalar；Again
It is traversed to the left from communication head successively, finds the effective bright fringes in left side, obtain left data position, two groups of data are combined, reject weight
Folded part, you can obtain initial data；
Optionally Step 4: because the code capacity of single communication head is limited, it can be built in practical application and meet capacity requirement
Long data split into the long data according to splitting into k sections, and setting k is similar to
Communication head, every section split after short data carry out frequency modulation method encode and respectively addition carrying order information different communication head,
It shines through LED coding driver drivings LED and cycles through group coding.By being communicated in each image 1 in header encoder when decoding
Number judges the position of the segment information, is combined in order after multiple image decodings, can restore initial data.
In the environment of needing enough illumination, " 011 " is used to represent data " 0 ", width scalar is 2, is used " 0111 "
Data " 1 " are represented, width scalar is 3, as shown in figure 4, " 01111 " is used to be used as single communication head, the variation of luminous flux modulation rate
Ranging from 66.7%~75%, meet lighting requirements.On this basis, if wishing decimal number 231 being sent to by LED light
Mobile phone terminal, the data binary system are { 011100111 }, be encoded to after addition single communication head 01111,011,0111,0111,
0111,011,011,0111,0111,0111 }, it is as shown in Figure 5 to shoot the image that the LED is obtained for mobile phone：Effective striped wmaxbIt is right
Maximum bright fringes is answered, that is, communicates head characteristic area, is based on this, can obtain unit bright fringes benchmark is：From communication
Head traverses to the right, and retrievable effective bright fringes is w1b、w2b、w3b, w4b, find out they and wunitbWidth scalar be respectively 2,
3,3,3.It can obtainData are represented as { 0111 }.Communication head traverses to the left, can obtain
Take effective bright fringes w9b~w4b, find out they withWidth scalar be respectively { 3,3,3,2,2,3 }, can obtainData are represented as { 100111 }, the two is pressed into w1b~w9bIt is combined and spliced and pick
Except lap w4bAfterwards, complete binary coding can be obtained：Its is right
It is { 011100111 } to answer binary data, and it is 231 to switch to decimal value, thereby realizes the communication of LED and mobile phone.
Embodiment two：The present embodiment and example one are essentially identical, and special feature is as follows：Referring to Fig. 6,
If working environment is of less demanding to illumination, you can use " 01 " to represent data bit " 0 ", width scalar is 1, is made
Data bit " 1 " is represented with " 011 ", width scalar is 2, as shown in Figure 6.Using most short communication head " 0111 ", luminous flux at this time
Modulation rate variation range is 50%~66.7%, can also play illumination effectiveness.Under this coding situation, since individual figure can
The striped quantity taken is fixed, and indicates that a data can bring higher code capacity using less striped.Later
Coding and decoding process is identical as example 1.Therefore, in coding 1 number can be increased or decreased according to actual use situation, with
Exchange high illumination or high encoding amount for.
Embodiment three：Referring to Fig. 7-Fig. 8,
When individual graph code amount is unsatisfactory for demand, usable different communication head indicates different sections of data, such as communicates head
" 01111 " indicates that high position data, " 011111 " indicate low data.But if two groups of coding direct splicings, communication head or so
Both sides may not be same coded data, can not two-way traversal decoding.For this purpose, when the two continuous frames coding that LED is sent is different
When the coding of section, one 0 coding of addition is needed to be distinguish between this two frame coding, different sections encode boundary after 0 coding of addition
The dark fringe for corresponding 00 coding occur encodes dark fringe with data field 0 and is distinguish, and code pattern is as shown in Figure 7,8.When decoding,
Judge whether the left end of effectively maximum bright fringes is 00 coding dark fringe, if it is, only allowing to traverse decoding to the right, if not
It is that can then apply single communication head decoding technique, i.e., to the two-way traversal decoding of from left to right.It can not know that communication head is when extended code in advance
" 01111 " still " 011111 ".The method that the present invention uses is first to compare the most narrow bright fringes of area-of-interest and the most narrow filaments of sun
Line, the i.e. width ratio of unit dark fringe indicate " 11 " still " 111 " according to the most short bright fringes of ratio in judgement, further obtain
Unit bright fringes width wunitb.According to wmaxbWith wunitbRatio can determine that communication head includes 1 number.
In order to verify the feasibility of more communication head decoding techniques and extended code method, modulation lamps and lanterns continuously cycle through two sections of volumes
Code, every section of coding continuously transmits twice, after one section encodes continuous 2 times and is sent completely, adds one 0 coding and next sends out
Another section of coding sent distinguishes.Fig. 7 give communication head be " 011111 ", the volume that communication data area is " 101110110 "
Code section and can only be from wmaxb2It communicates head and unidirectionally traverses the case where obtaining coding to the right, Fig. 8 gives communication head and is " 01111 ", leads to
Letter data area is the coding section of " 111100111 " and can be from wmaxb1Communicating head, two-way traversal obtains the case where encoding to the left and right.
, it is specified that the coded data that communication head is " 01111 " is located at a high position in extended code method.As shown in Fig. 7, wmaxb2For 5 times of unit bright wisps
Line, the dark fringe width of left end are 2 times of unit dark fringes, therefore decode traversal and can only carry out to the right, can acquire corresponding two into
Data processed are { 101110110 }.As shown in figure 8, wmaxb1Dark fringe width for 4 times of unit bright fringes, left end is 1 times of list
Position dark fringe, therefore decode and traverse and can be carried out to from left to right, acquiring corresponding binary data with single communication head decoding technique is
{111100111}.It is { 111100111101110110 } that two groups of coded combinations, which can be obtained the long data of binary system,.
So far the full content for the present invention that is over is introduced, compared with prior art, present invention coding and decoding process are more
Succinctly, with uniformity when coding and decoding, and since width of fringe is determining and it is apparent to distinguish, it is not error-prone.Single communication coding is fast
Victory is convenient, and communication speed is very fast.When needing higher encoding amount, preferable code capacity can also be obtained by extended code, be entirely capable of
Meet the practical application of the following related field.
Claims (8)
1. FM encoding decoding and the extended code method of a kind of visible light communication, the optical communication system includes at least LED codings and drives
Dynamic device, LED light, image receiver module, image processing module, it is characterised in that including following operating procedure：Step 1: by original
Data bit encodes and adds single communication head according to frequency modulation method, and encoding driver by LED drives LED is luminous to cycle through the volume
Code；Step 2: image receiver module shoots LED light, light and shade strip encoding image is obtained；Step 3: image processing module foundation
Single communication head in image is decoded, and obtains original data bits.
2. FM encoding decoding and the extended code method of visible light communication according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Further include after step 3：Step 4: when the code capacity of single communication header encoder output is unsatisfactory for demand very little, structure meets
The long data are split into multistage short data by the long data of capacity requirement, and every section of short data carries out frequency modulation method coding and add to carry
The different communication head of order information obtains every section of short data and is combined into original long data according to communication head order after decoding, real
Existing data extended code.
3. FM encoding decoding and the extended code method of visible light communication according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Single communication head data-encoding scheme in rapid one, that is, receives the dark fringe width of image not at fixed LED lamp each shut-in time
Become；Change bright fringes width by changing LED lamp service time, represents frequency variation；Use binary codingTable
Show " 0 " binary data, most short is " 01 "；CodingIndicate " 1 " data, b > a, most short is " 011 "；1 in coding
Number is increased or decreased according to scene difference, but need to ensure that data " 0 " and the stripe pattern of data " 1 " can be distinguished.
4. FM encoding decoding and the extended code method of visible light communication according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Single communication header encoder is in rapid onem>b>A, most short communication head are set as " 0111 ".
5. FM encoding decoding and the extended code method of visible light communication according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid three coding/decoding method finds most wide bright fringes, that is, communicates head characteristic area, obtain unit bright fringes datum widthM be communicate head in 1 number, from communication head traverse to the right, according to each bright fringes absolute width, successively with base
Quasi- width, which is done, to be compared, and width scalar is obtained after normalized, i.e., 1 number that each bright fringes represents judges according to width scalar
The data bit that corresponding bright fringes represents, then traversed to the left from communication head successively, left data position is obtained, two groups of data are combined,
Obtain initial data.
6. FM encoding decoding and the extended code method of visible light communication according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in single-pass
When the code capacity of letter header encoder is unable to meet demand very little, provides order information with different communication heads and realize multistage coding
Combine extended code：Communicating head isWhen indicate high position data head,When indicate low data head, m ≠ n；Every section of volume
After code decodes respectively, i.e., the splicing of two groups of data is carried out according to the order information of communication head；When the two continuous frames coding that LED is sent
When being different sections of coding, one 0 coding of addition is needed to be distinguish between this two frame coding, two frames coding point after 0 coding of addition
The dark fringe for occurring corresponding 00 coding at boundary encodes dark fringe with data field 0 and is distinguish.
7. FM encoding decoding and the extended code method of visible light communication according to claim 2, which is characterized in that according to more
When logical decoding headers, judge whether the left end of maximum dark fringe is 00 coding dark fringe, if it is, only allowing ergodic solutions to the right
Code；If it is not, then using single communication head decoding technique, i.e., to the two-way traversal decoding of from left to right.
8. FM encoding decoding and the extended code method of the visible light communication according to right 2, which is characterized in that work as initial data
When position is more, k sections are split into, setting k is similar toCommunication head,
Indicate communication head order by 1 number, the order information of segment data be provided, realize the segment encodings of long data, decoding and
Combination.
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| CN112887031A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-01 | 吉林大学 | OCC double-exposure-duration camera receiving mode and distance sensing-based inter-vehicle communication implementation method |
| CN114419063A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-29 | 东北大学 | An image decoding optimization method for indoor visible light positioning system based on soft threshold |
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