CN108736569A - 用于监测配电电路的温度的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于监测配电电路的温度的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN108736569A
CN108736569A CN201810335770.XA CN201810335770A CN108736569A CN 108736569 A CN108736569 A CN 108736569A CN 201810335770 A CN201810335770 A CN 201810335770A CN 108736569 A CN108736569 A CN 108736569A
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power distribution
long
distribution circuit
range power
output voltage
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艾伦·罗伊·盖尔
迈克尔·W·德格内尔
拉里·迪安·埃里
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
    • G01R31/007—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks using microprocessors or computers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H02J13/0075—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

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  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于监测配电电路的温度的方法和系统。一种车辆的系统包括处理器，所述处理器被配置为：根据连接到车辆的远程配电电路(PDC)的供电线或返回线的温度变化来控制远程配电电路的输出电流。所述温度变化根据远程配电电路的输出电压的变化或输出电流的变化被推导得到。远程配电电路的输出电压和输出电流在连接到远程配电电路的负载的输入处被测量。并且，远程配电电路的输出电压在远程配电电路的地线与供电线和返回线中的一个之间被测量。

Description

用于监测配电电路的温度的方法和系统
技术领域
本申请总体上涉及一种用于监测配电电路的温度的方法和系统。
背景技术
电力线缆是通常与护套固定在一起的两个或更多个电导线的组件。该组件可被用于传输电力。例如，电力线缆可作为永久布线安装在建筑物内、埋在地下、架空延伸或暴露在外面。柔性电力线缆可被用于便携式装置、移动工具和机器。
线缆可包括三个主要的部件：导线、绝缘层和保护套。单独的线缆的组成可因应用而异。可通过工作电压、载流量和环境状况来确定结构和材料。
电力线缆可使用绞合的铜或铝导线。小的电力线缆可使用实心导线。线缆可包括用于电路中性或接地(地)连接的非绝缘导线。
整个组件可以是圆形的或扁平的。可向组件添加非导电填充线(non-conductingfiller strand)，以保持组件的形状。架空或垂直使用的特殊用途的电力线缆可具有额外的元件(诸如，钢支撑件或凯夫拉结构支撑件(Kevlar structural support))。
普通类型的通用线缆受国家规范和/或国际规范管制。这些规范限定了可构成线缆的各种线材合金以及其绝缘类型和特性(包括其对化学品和阳光的抵抗力)。
常用的电力线缆可包含用于接地的未绝缘的裸线。三个插头的电源插座和插头线需要地线。延长线缆通常具有绝缘的地线。
ROMEX是一种由实芯铜线制成的线缆，所述线缆具有非金属塑料外套，所述非金属塑料外套包含至少一对600伏特THWN塑料绝缘服务线和裸露的地线构成的蜡纸包裹的内部组。因此，常见的ROMEX线缆可具有三根线：中性线(白色)、为负载供电的线(黑色)和裸露的地线。
另一常见的ROMEX变体具有标识成白色的中性线、两根相位线(第一导线(黑色)和第二导线(通常为红色))以及非绝缘的铜地线。这种类型通常可被用于公共或公用照明布置(诸如，用于位于走廊任一端的开关或者用于楼梯照明的位于上层和下层两者的开关)的多个开关位置。
发明内容
一种车辆的系统包括处理器，所述处理器根据连接到车辆的远程配电电路(PDC)的供电线或返回线的温度变化来控制远程配电电路的输出电流，所述温度变化根据远程配电电路的输出电压的变化或输出电流的变化被推导得到。远程配电电路的输出电压和输出电流在连接到远程配电电路的负载的输入处被测量。远程配电电路的输出电压在远程配电电路的地线与供电线和返回线中的一个之间被测量。
一种车辆的系统包括处理器，所述处理器根据连接到车辆的远程配电电路(PDC)的供电线或返回线的温度变化来控制远程配电电路的输出电流，所述温度变化根据远程配电电路的输出电压的变化被推导得到，远程配电电路的输出电压的变化在连接到远程配电电路的负载的输入处以及在远程配电电路的地线与供电线和返回线中的一个之间被测量。
一种车辆的电力系统包括处理器，所述处理器根据连接到车辆的远程配电电路(PDC)的供电线或返回线的温度变化来控制远程配电电路的输出电流，所述温度变化根据远程配电电路的输出电压的变化、远程配电电路的输出电流的变化、连接到远程配电电路的负载的输入电压的变化或者所述负载的输入电流的变化被推导得到。远程配电电路的输出电压和输出电流在所述负载的输入处被测量。远程配电电路的输出电压在远程配电电路的地线与供电线和返回线中的一个之间被测量。
附图说明
图1是机动车辆的示意图。
图2是电池充电器的示意图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的各个实施例。然而，所公开的实施例仅仅是示例性的，并且其它实施例可采用未明确示出或描述的各种形式和替代形式。附图不必按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定组件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅仅作为用于教导本领域普通技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的是，参照任一附图示出和描述的各种特征可与在一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合，以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可被期望用于特定的应用或实施方式。
现在参照图1，机动车辆10(例如，混合动力电动车辆、电动车辆等)的实施例包括牵引电池12、电机13、电池充电器14和底盘15。对于普通技术人员明显的是，牵引电池12可经由电机13为车辆10提供动力。
电池充电器14可包括一对线圈16和18、桥式整流器20、晶体管22、二极管24以及电感器26。对于普通技术人员明显的是，晶体管22、二极管24和电感器26形成降压调节器27，并且可用于调节从桥式整流器20到牵引电池12的电流。
线圈18包括供电端子28和返回端子30。线圈18经由电力线缆34与电插座32电连接。图1中的电插座32是120V的墙壁插座。在其它实施例中，电插座32可以是240V的墙壁插座、多相墙壁插座等。如本领域中已知的，线圈16和18的匝数比可取决于与电池12和插座32相关联的电压。
线圈16可通过桥式整流器20、晶体管22和电感器26与牵引电池12电连接。如本领域中已知的，桥式整流器20(或二极管桥)可以是桥式配置的四个二极管的布置。该布置可针对任何极性的输入电压提供相同极性的输出电压。在该实施例中，桥式整流器20将交流电输入转换成直流电输出。
电力线缆34包括供电线36、返回线38和地线40。供电线36与供电端子28电连接。返回线38与返回端子30电连接。地线40与底盘15电连接。在图1的实施例中，供电线36将电流从插座32传输到线圈18，返回线38将电流从线圈18传输到插座32。
电池充电器14还可包括微处理器42、电流传感器44和45以及电压传感器46和47。微处理器从电流传感器44和45接收电流信息并且从电压传感器46和47接收电压信息。在图1的实施例中，电流传感器44感测通过线圈18和返回端子30的电流，电压传感器46感测返回端子30与地线40之间的电压。电流传感器45感测流向牵引电池12的电流，电压传感器47感测牵引电池12两端的电压。然而，其它布置也是可行的。作为示例，电压传感器46可被设置以感测供电端子28与返回端子30之间的电压。作为另一示例，电流传感器44和/或电压传感器46可被设置以感测桥式整流器20与晶体管22之间的电流和/或电压。还可预期其它配置。
微处理器42可基于例如由电流传感器44测量的电流和由电压传感器46测量的电压来确定供电线36和/或返回线38的温度变化。具有电阻温度系数α的导线的瞬时电阻R可通过以下关系式与供电线36和/或返回线38的温度变化ΔT相关：
R＝Ri(1+αΔT) (1)
或者
其中，Ri为导线的初始电阻。就电压和电流而言，等式(2)可被重写为：
或者
其中，I和V为分别由传感器44和46测量的瞬时电流和瞬时电压，Ii和Vi是分别由传感器44和46测量的初始电流和初始电压。根据等式(4)，微处理器42可基于由电流传感器44测量的电流和由电压传感器46测量的电压来确定供电线36和/或返回线38的温度变化。在其它实施例中，电池充电器14可以以已知的方式控制流过电池充电器14的电流以使电流大体上保持恒定，因此微处理器42可仅基于由电压传感器46测量的电压来确定供电线36和/或返回线38的温度变化。在其它实施例中，微处理器42可基于在供电端子28与返回端子30之间测量的电压来确定供电线36和/或返回线38的温度变化。对于普通技术人员明显的是(使用上述符号)：
其中，VLN -是恰好在电流开始通过电池充电器14之前的供电端子28与返回端子30之间的瞬时电压，VLNi +是恰好在电流开始通过电池充电器14之后的供电端子28与返回端子30之间的瞬时电压，VLN +是在电流开始通过电池充电器14之后的任何时间的供电端子28与返回端子30之间的瞬时电压。将等式(5)和等式(6)代入等式(2)(并简化)而产生：
根据等式(7)，微处理器42可因此基于在供电端子28与返回端子30之间测量的电压来确定供电线36和/或返回线38的温度变化。
可选地，可以以任何适合的方式确定供电线36和/或返回线38的温度或温度变化。例如，与微处理器42通信并且与供电线36和/或返回线38连接的温度传感器(未示出)(例如，惠斯通电桥(Wheatstone bridge)、二极管结等)可检测供电线36和/或返回线38的温度并且将所述温度传送到微处理器42。
微处理器42可使晶体管22导通和截止以控制流向牵引电池12的电流的流动。因此，微处理器42可控制经由晶体管22流过供电线36和/或返回线38的电流的流动。
进入线圈18的功率Pin等于离开线圈16的功率Pout(假设损耗可忽略不计)：
Pin＝Pout (8)
就电流和电压而言，等式(8)可被重写为：
(Irms·Vrms)Cosθ＝IBAT·VBAT (9)
其中，Irms和Vrms分别是进入线圈18的均方根电流和线圈18两端的均方根电压，IBAT和VBAT分别是进入牵引电池12的电流(由传感器45测量的电流)和牵引电池12两端的电压(由传感器47测量的电压)，Cosθ是Irms与Vrms之间的相位角(对于普通技术人员明显的是，在具有单位功率因数校正的系统中，Cosθ通常等于1)。假设Vrms和VBAT通常是恒定的，并且根据等式(9)，IBAT的变化将导致Irms的变化。也就是说，减小晶体管22的占空比以减小IBAT将减小Irms。因此，微处理器42还可基于由电流传感器44和45测量的电流以及由电压传感器47测量的电压来确定供电线36和/或返回线38的温度变化。例如，等式(9)可被重新设置以解出Vrms并代入等式(7)。
为了将供电线36和/或返回线38的温度保持在期望的范围内，当供电线36和/或返回线38的温度和/或温度变化开始接近所述范围的上限时，微处理器42可开始以已知的方式使晶体管22循环。例如，如果供电线36和/或返回线38的温度变化超过35℃，则微处理器42可开始使晶体管22循环以减小电流。可选地，如果供电线36和/或返回线38的温度在所述范围的上限的7℃以内，则微处理器42可开始使晶体管22循环以减小电流。然而，可使用任何适合的控制方案。
如图所示，充电器14与车辆10集成。然而，在其它实施例中，充电器14可远离车辆10。例如，充电器14可以是可插入电插座32和车辆10的独立单元。其它布置也是可行的。
现在参照图2，与图1中的编号元件的编号相差100的编号元件与图1中的编号元件具有类似但不一定相同的描述。
电池充电器114的实施例包括桥式整流器120、升压调节器121、降压调节器127和微处理器142。桥式整流器120与升压调节器121电连接。升压调节器121与降压调节器127电连接。微处理器142可控制升压调节器121和降压调节器127。桥式整流器120、升压调节器121和降压调节器127的电路可采取任何适合的形式。
桥式整流器120可与电力插座(未示出)电连接并且将交流电输入转换为直流电输出。对于普通技术人员明显的是，微处理器142可以以已知方式控制升压调节器121，以调节由桥式整流器120输出的直流电从而进行功率因数校正。基于传感器144的电流测量结果和/或传感器146的电压测量结果，微处理器142可使用与如上所述的技术类似的技术来控制降压调节器127，以进行配电温度管理。当然，其它布置和/或配置也是可行的。
因为与供电线136和/或返回线138相关联的输电线电阻以及温度升高可以在连续时间间隔内被测量，所以可能由于加热、松动连接、电弧作用和其它状况而引起的变化的电阻以及升高的温度可被测量并用于减小或增大电路的功率消耗。
与电路的特性有关的信息(包括上述任何变量或参数)和随后的充电速率可通过与微处理器142可操作地关联的有线连接(例如，用于车辆的CAN总线)或无线连接(例如，蜂窝或WiFi传输等)经由消息或者以其它方式被传送到车辆用户或第三方(例如，房主、第三方建筑物修理服务、公共事业公司、安全办公室、其它数据获取和分配中心等)。其用途可用于更新预期的充电时间以及将本地配电系统特性(包括电压、布线限制、过载状况、连接松动、电弧作用以及出现问题的特定线路的标识)的潜在问题通知给工作人员。在图2中，这可包括供电线136和返回线138。
虽然以上描述了示例性实施例，但是并不意在这些实施例描述权利要求所涵盖的所有可能形式。说明书中所使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解的是，可在不脱离本公开和权利要求的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所述，可将各个实施例的特征进行组合以形成可能未被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。尽管针对一个或更多个期望特性，各个实施例可能已经被描述为提供优点或优于其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员应认识到，根据具体的应用和实施方式，一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷以实现期望的整体系统属性。这些属性可包括但不限于成本、强度、耐用性、生命周期成本、市场性、外观、包装、尺寸、可维护性、重量、可制造性、装配的容易性等。因此，被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术的实施方式的实施例并非在本公开的范围之外，并且可被期望用于特定的应用。

Claims (15)

1.一种车辆的系统，包括：
处理器，被配置为：根据连接到车辆的远程配电电路(PDC)的供电线或返回线的温度变化来控制远程配电电路的输出电流，所述温度变化根据远程配电电路的输出电压的变化或输出电流的变化被推导得到，远程配电电路的输出电压和输出电流在连接到远程配电电路的负载的输入处被测量，远程配电电路的输出电压在远程配电电路的地线与供电线和返回线中的一个之间被测量。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，处理器还被配置为：传输消息，其中，所述消息包括与远程配电电路的输出电压、远程配电电路的输出电压的变化、远程配电电路的输出电流或远程配电电路的输出电流的变化有关的数据。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，处理器还被配置为：向车辆外传输消息，其中，所述消息包括与远程配电电路的输出电压、远程配电电路的输出电压的变化、远程配电电路的输出电流或远程配电电路的输出电流的变化有关的数据。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，处理器被包括在电池充电器内。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，返回线是中性线。
6.一种车辆的系统，包括：
处理器，被配置为：根据连接到车辆的远程配电电路(PDC)的供电线或返回线的温度变化来控制远程配电电路的输出电流，所述温度变化根据远程配电电路的输出电压的变化被推导得到，远程配电电路的输出电压的变化在连接到远程配电电路的负载的输入处以及在远程配电电路的地线与供电线和返回线中的一个之间被测量。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，处理器还被配置为：传输消息，其中，所述消息包括与远程配电电路的输出电压的变化有关的数据。
8.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，处理器还被配置为：向车辆外传输消息，其中，所述消息包括与远程配电电路的输出电压的变化有关的数据。
9.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，处理器被包括在电池充电器内。
10.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，返回线是中性线。
11.一种车辆的电力系统，包括：
处理器，被配置为：根据连接到车辆的远程配电电路(PDC)的供电线或返回线的温度变化来控制远程配电电路的输出电流，所述温度变化根据远程配电电路的输出电压的变化、远程配电电路的输出电流的变化、连接到远程配电电路的负载的输入电压的变化或者所述负载的输入电流的变化被推导得到，远程配电电路的输出电压和输出电流在所述负载的输入处被测量，远程配电电路的输出电压在远程配电电路的地线与供电线和返回线中的一个之间被测量。
12.如权利要求11所述的电力系统，其中，处理器还被配置为：传输消息，其中，所述消息包括与远程配电电路的输出电压、远程配电电路的输出电流、连接到远程配电电路的负载的输入电压或所述负载的输入电流有关的数据。
13.如权利要求11所述的电力系统，其中，处理器还被配置为：向车辆外传输消息，其中，所述消息包括与远程配电电路的输出电压、远程配电电路的输出电流、连接到远程配电电路的负载的输入电压或所述负载的输入电流有关的数据。
14.如权利要求11所述的电力系统，其中，处理器被包括在电池充电器内。
15.如权利要求11所述的电力系统，其中，返回线是中性线。
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