CN108736318B - Preionization trigger rod and gas switch adopting same - Google Patents
Preionization trigger rod and gas switch adopting same Download PDFInfo
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- CN108736318B CN108736318B CN201810495831.9A CN201810495831A CN108736318B CN 108736318 B CN108736318 B CN 108736318B CN 201810495831 A CN201810495831 A CN 201810495831A CN 108736318 B CN108736318 B CN 108736318B
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- trigger
- electrode
- needle
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- insulating tube
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
- H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/16—Series resistor structurally associated with spark gap
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
- H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
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- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preionization trigger rod and a gas switch adopting the same. The invention adopts the integrated design of the preionization trigger needle and the high-voltage isolation resistor, and is directly matched with the trigger electrode, thereby achieving the purposes of simplifying the trigger and having compact structure, and the structure comprises a ceramic insulating tube, the trigger needle, the high-voltage resistor and a metal lantern ring; the trigger needle comprises a front end electrode, a middle needle rod and a rear end needle tip; the middle needle rod of the trigger needle is inserted into the ceramic insulating tube, the rear needle point is exposed out of one end of the ceramic insulating tube, and the other end of the ceramic insulating tube is embedded into the front electrode of the trigger needle; the metal lantern ring is sleeved on the outer surface of the ceramic insulating tube, the high-voltage resistor is further arranged on the outer surface of the ceramic insulating tube, one end of the high-voltage resistor is connected with the front end electrode, and the other end of the high-voltage resistor is connected with the metal lantern ring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preionization trigger rod and a gas switch adopting the same.
Background
The gas switch has wide application in the technical field of pulse power, and the switching characteristic has decisive influence on the output parameter and the working state of a pulse power driving source. The gas switch with short trigger time delay and small jitter is the target pursued by various pulse power application occasions. Pre-ionization triggering is an effective method for reducing switch triggering delay and jitter, and the influence mechanism is as follows: the plasma formed by pre-ionization can directly provide initial electrons for the development of gap breakdown, and the ultraviolet light generated by pre-ionization discharge can cause space photo-ionization and the photoelectric effect of a cathode, which are beneficial to triggering breakdown of the gas gap and improve the triggering performance of a switch.
The method has various modes for generating preionization, the spark discharge ionization intensity is high, the generated high-energy ultraviolet photons are more, the effect of reducing the switch jitter is obvious, and the method is more applied to high-power closed switches.
A typical spark discharge pre-ionization generally employs a pin-type structure:
1. a 40164 type direct current gas switch of American L-3 company, a gas switch used by the northwest nuclear technology research institute and the like, and the details are shown in citations [ 1-3 ]. In the switch, a preionization trigger needle is sleeved on an insulating layer and then is integrally embedded into a trigger electrode, a hole is formed in the center of the trigger electrode, and a preionization gap is formed between the trigger needle and the hole wall. By adopting the preionization triggering structure, the switch jitter can achieve a good effect of less than 1 ns. In order to ensure that the trigger pulse can effectively break down the preionization gap, two trigger terminals need to be introduced outside the switch, one is connected with the preionization needle, the other is connected with the trigger electrode, and a high-resistance isolation resistor is connected between the terminals in a crossing manner. In practical application, the isolation resistor needs to be connected in series by a plurality of resistors to meet the requirement of withstand voltage of the isolation resistor. In addition, because the two output terminals have the same structure, the trigger connection is easy to be confused and has errors. Therefore, although the trigger mode can effectively reduce trigger jitter, the external structure is slightly complicated, and the trigger mode is not suitable for occasions of large-scale switch application.
2. A preionization trigger tube type switch structure, which is described in the citation document (4). The preionization trigger tube is embedded in the ground electrode, the head of the trigger tube is disc-shaped, a middle annular electrode is added between the trigger disc and the ground electrode, and a voltage-dividing resistor is connected among the trigger disc, the annular electrode and the ground electrode. After the trigger pulse arrives, the trigger disk and the annular electrode are discharged to generate preionization, and then the main gap breaks down. The method avoids ablation of the trigger pin, but the switch breakdown mode is unstable, and the moment of pre-ionization gap breakdown is greatly influenced by factors such as resistance value of the resistor, position of the annular electrode and the like.
3. A self-coupling pre-ionization gas switch structure is disclosed in the citation documents [ 5-6 ], although the trigger structure is simplified to a certain extent, the structure is only used in a high-voltage pulse gas switch.
Therefore, the application of the structure is limited due to the problems that the structure of the existing preionization switch is not compact enough, the discharge is not stable enough and the like.
【1】Naff J T.Spark gaps for EMP and SREMP pulsers[C]//Proc of IEEE Pulsed Power Conference.2009:322-331.
【2】 The PSPICE simulation calculation of the Chenweiqing ultraviolet preionization trigger circuit [ C ]. the first research conference on the technology of the strong current pulse accelerator, 2005.
【3】 Great waves.3 MV low inductance and low jitter MARX generator development [ D ]. Seaman: northwest nuclear research institute, 2006.
【4】 Chenweiqing, once in the middle, Guest, et al, trigger tube type gas switch trigger electrode structure research [ J ]. intense laser and particle beam, 2005,17 (8): 1213-1215.
【5】 Lijunna, Xue bin, Jiawei, et al.3 MV design of self-coupled UV pre-ionization switches [ J ] intense laser and particle beams, 2009, 21(8): 1255-.
【6】 The transverse capacitance self-coupling ultraviolet preionization switch [ J ] is a strong laser and particle beam, 2013, 25(08): 2035-.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides a preionization trigger rod for a gas switch, which adopts the integrated design of a preionization trigger needle and a high-voltage isolation resistor and is directly matched with a trigger electrode, so that the aims of simplifying triggering and having a compact structure are fulfilled.
Meanwhile, a gas switch with a simple triggering structure is also provided.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preionization trigger rod, which comprises a ceramic insulating tube, a trigger needle, a high-voltage resistor and a metal lantern ring, wherein the ceramic insulating tube is connected with the trigger needle;
the trigger needle comprises a front end electrode, a middle needle rod and a rear end needle tip; the middle needle rod of the trigger needle is inserted into the ceramic insulating tube, the rear needle point is exposed out of one end of the ceramic insulating tube, and the other end of the ceramic insulating tube is embedded into the front electrode of the trigger needle;
the metal lantern ring is sleeved on the outer surface of the ceramic insulating tube, the high-voltage resistor is further arranged on the outer surface of the ceramic insulating tube, one end of the high-voltage resistor is connected with the front end electrode, and the other end of the high-voltage resistor is connected with the metal lantern ring.
Further, the high-voltage resistor is a high-voltage glass glaze resistor, and is formed by coating or printing resistor slurry on the outer surface of the ceramic insulating tube and sintering the resistor slurry at a high temperature.
Further, in order to increase the equivalent inductance of the resistor and improve the isolation effect, the high-voltage resistor is spiral.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate the installation and the disassembly of the trigger rod, the outer surface of the metal lantern ring is engraved with threads.
The invention also provides a gas switch adopting the preionization trigger rod, which comprises the preionization trigger rod and an electrode structure, wherein the electrode structure comprises an upper high-voltage electrode, a lower high-voltage electrode, a middle trigger electrode and an insulating cylinder; the middle trigger electrode is arranged between the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode; the insulating cylinder is arranged at the edge position between the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode and is used for sealing, insulating and supporting;
the wall of the insulating cylinder is provided with a trigger introduction hole;
the middle trigger electrode is provided with a needle point;
one end of the trigger rod is inserted into the trigger lead-in hole through the front end electrode and extends to the external space, the other end of the trigger rod is fixedly installed on the middle trigger electrode through a metal lantern ring, and a pre-discharge gap is formed between the rear end needle point and the needle point on the middle trigger electrode.
Further, in the gas switch, the pre-discharge gap is 1 mm.
Further, in the gas switch, a sealing ring is arranged between the front end electrode and the trigger introduction hole, so that the air tightness of the whole gas switch is ensured.
Further, in the gas switch, the middle trigger electrode is a ring electrode, and a needle tip of the middle trigger electrode is arranged on an inner wall of the ring electrode.
The gas switch electrode triggering principle of the invention is as follows:
the trigger pulse is introduced from the end electrode of the preionization needle, and due to the action of the high-voltage isolation resistor, a voltage difference exists between the trigger needle and the trigger electrode, so that the pre-ionization gap is ignited for discharging.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the gas switch has the advantages that the structure is simple, the trigger rod structure and the mode of matching with the middle trigger electrode are adopted, so that the gas switch can realize the triggering of the preionization gap and the gas switch gap only by one trigger terminal, the triggering mode is simple and effective, and the error of confusion of triggering connection caused by more trigger terminals can be avoided.
2. The trigger rod adopted by the invention adopts an integrated design, and the high-voltage resistor and the trigger pin are integrated together, so that the reliability is high.
3. The gas switch high-voltage resistor is arranged in the electrode structure, along with the increase of gas pressure, the surface discharge characteristic of the high-voltage resistor is increased, the volume is small, and the insulation margin is high.
4. The trigger rod and the trigger electrode are connected compactly, the installation mode is simple, and the sealing ring is adopted to be more beneficial to the air tightness in the electrode structure.
5. The high-voltage resistor of the trigger rod is spiral, and the arrangement of the shape increases the equivalent inductance of the high-voltage resistor, thereby improving the isolation effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a gas switch according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a preionization trigger lever according to the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1-upper high voltage electrode, 2-lower high voltage electrode, 3-insulating cylinder, 4-trigger electrode, 5-ceramic insulating tube, 6-trigger needle, 61-front end electrode, 62-middle needle bar, 63-rear end needle point, 7-high voltage glass glaze resistor, 8-metal lantern ring.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the gas switch provided by the present invention comprises a trigger bar and an electrode structure; the electrode structure comprises an upper high-voltage electrode 1, a lower high-voltage electrode 2, an insulating cylinder 3 and an intermediate trigger electrode 4; the middle trigger electrode is arranged between the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode; the insulating cylinder is arranged at the edge position between the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode and is used for sealing, insulating and supporting;
the upper high-voltage electrode 1 and the lower high-voltage electrode 2 are made of stainless steel, and the section of a discharge part is semicircular. The insulating cylinder 3 is made of organic glass, nylon and other insulating materials, and a trigger introduction hole is formed in the cylinder wall.
The middle trigger electrode 4 is a ring electrode, and has an outer diameter of 50mm, an inner diameter of 30mm, and a height of 15 mm. The material is stainless steel, and the discharge section is semicircular. The side surface of the middle trigger electrode is provided with a hole, and a needle point with the diameter of 2mm is welded at the position corresponding to the hole. Two discharge point gaps of 5mm are formed between the middle trigger electrode 4 and the upper high-voltage electrode and between the middle trigger electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode respectively.
The preionization trigger rod is composed of a ceramic insulating tube 5, a trigger needle 6, a high-voltage resistor 7 and a metal lantern ring 8, and is shown in figure 2.
The ceramic insulating tube 5 has an outer diameter of 7mm and an inner diameter of 2 mm.
The trigger needle 6 comprises a front end electrode 61, a middle needle rod 62 and a rear end needle tip 63; the middle needle rod diameter of the trigger needle 6 is 2mm, penetrates the ceramic insulation tube 5, and the rear end needle tip 63 extends out of the ceramic insulation tube 5.
The high-voltage resistor 7 (high-voltage glass glaze resistor) is spirally sintered on the outer wall of the ceramic insulating tube 5, the resistance value is 1M ohm, and the length is 20 mm. One end of the high-voltage resistor is connected with the front electrode of the trigger pin, and the other end of the high-voltage resistor is welded with the metal lantern ring.
The metal lantern ring 8 is sleeved on the ceramic insulating tube 5, and the external thread of the metal lantern ring can be connected with the middle trigger electrode 4 to fix the whole trigger rod structure. After the trigger rod structure is fixed, the trigger needle 6 and the needle point on the middle trigger electrode 4 form a pre-discharge gap, and the gap distance is 1 mm.
The diameter of the front electrode of the trigger needle 6 is 10mm, and the front electrode is sleeved with a sealing ring and then inserted into a trigger introduction hole of the insulating cylinder 3, so that gas sealing is realized.
The working voltage of the gas switch in this embodiment is ± 30kV, the upper high voltage electrode 1 is connected with a positive polarity voltage, and the lower high voltage electrode 2 is connected with a negative polarity voltage. High-voltage fast pulses with the amplitude of 60kV are used for triggering. The working medium adopts dry compressed air.
The working process of switch triggering is as follows: when the switch works, the two ends of the switch are applied with +/-30 kV direct-current high voltage, the trigger electrode is positioned at the symmetrical axial position of the upper high-voltage electrode 1 and the lower high-voltage electrode 2, and the potential of the middle trigger electrode is zero. When a high voltage pulse with a leading edge of 20ns and an amplitude of 60kV is applied to the trigger rod, the pre-discharge gap breaks down at the leading edge of the trigger pulse to generate ultraviolet radiation and effective initial electrons. At the same time, the potential of the middle trigger electrode 4 rises to 60kV, so that the gap electric field formed by the middle trigger electrode 4 and the lower high-voltage electrode 2 is rapidly increased, and the gap of the switch discharge point is broken down. Then the potential of the middle trigger electrode 4 is reversed, and the other half of the gap of the discharge point of the switch breaks down due to the distortion of the electric field and the overvoltage. Because the pre-gap can generate ultraviolet irradiation and provide initial electrons, and the pre-ionization gap has a certain sharpening effect on the trigger pulse, the jitter of the switch trigger time delay can reach several nanoseconds.
This example has given sufficient description of the inventive content that a person of ordinary skill will be able to carry out the invention adequately within the context of the present description. The cooperation of the pre-ionization trigger bar and the electrode structure given in the embodiments is only a typical way for the application in the gas switch, and the application of the cooperation of the pre-ionization trigger bar and the electrode structure includes but is not limited to a three-electrode field distortion gas switch, and can also be used in the fields of a multi-gap gas switch, a high-voltage pulse gas switch and the like. The preionization trigger needle and the high-voltage isolation resistor are integrally designed, and the preilectrode structure directly matched with the trigger electrode is within the protection range of the patent. Any modification based on the idea of the invention falls within the scope of the right of the invention in the framework of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A preionization trigger bar, comprising: comprises a ceramic insulating tube (5), a trigger needle (6), a high-voltage resistor (7) and a metal lantern ring (8);
the trigger needle (6) comprises a front end electrode (61), a middle needle rod (62) and a rear end needle tip (63); a middle needle rod (62) of the trigger needle is inserted into the ceramic insulating tube (5), a rear needle point (63) is exposed out of one end of the ceramic insulating tube (5), and the other end of the ceramic insulating tube (5) is embedded into a front electrode (61) of the trigger needle;
the metal lantern ring (8) is sleeved on the outer surface of the ceramic insulating tube (5), the high-voltage resistor (7) is further arranged on the outer surface of the ceramic insulating tube (5), one end of the high-voltage resistor (7) is connected with the front-end electrode (61), and the other end of the high-voltage resistor is connected with the metal lantern ring (8).
2. The pre-ionization trigger bar of claim 1, wherein: the high-voltage resistor is a glass glaze resistor and is formed by coating or printing resistance slurry on the outer surface of a ceramic insulating tube and sintering at high temperature.
3. The pre-ionization trigger bar of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the high-voltage resistor is spiral.
4. The pre-ionization trigger bar of claim 3, wherein: the outer surface of the metal lantern ring is carved with threads.
5. A gas switch comprises a trigger rod and an electrode structure, wherein the electrode structure comprises an upper high-voltage electrode, a lower high-voltage electrode, a middle trigger electrode and an insulating cylinder, and the middle trigger electrode is arranged between the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode; the insulating cylinder is arranged at the edge position between the upper high-voltage electrode and the lower high-voltage electrode and is used for sealing, insulating and supporting;
the method is characterized in that:
the trigger bar is the preionization trigger bar of any one of claims 1 to 4;
the wall of the insulating cylinder is provided with a trigger introduction hole;
the middle trigger electrode is provided with a needle point;
one end of the trigger rod is inserted into the trigger lead-in hole through the front end electrode and extends to the external space, the other end of the trigger rod is fixedly installed on the middle trigger electrode through a metal lantern ring, and a pre-discharge gap is formed between the rear end needle point and the needle point on the middle trigger electrode.
6. A gas switch according to claim 5, characterized in that: the pre-discharge gap is 1 mm.
7. A gas switch according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: and a sealing ring is arranged between the front-end electrode and the trigger introduction hole.
8. A gas switch according to claim 7, characterized in that: the middle trigger electrode is a ring electrode, and the needle point of the middle trigger electrode is arranged on the inner wall of the ring electrode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810495831.9A CN108736318B (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Preionization trigger rod and gas switch adopting same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810495831.9A CN108736318B (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Preionization trigger rod and gas switch adopting same |
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| CN108736318A CN108736318A (en) | 2018-11-02 |
| CN108736318B true CN108736318B (en) | 2019-12-27 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110913555B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-02-26 | 西安交通大学 | Plasma jet switch |
| CN111613970B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2022-05-20 | 西安交通大学 | High-capacity four-electrode ultraviolet preionization gas switch |
| CN113394661B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-06-14 | 长安大学 | Corona stabilizing switch of annular knife-flat plate electrode and working method thereof |
| CN114006271B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-01-13 | 西北核技术研究所 | Low-jitter self-triggering spark discharge preionization switch |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0498782A (en) * | 1990-08-16 | 1992-03-31 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Lightning protection device for power line |
| FR2879842B1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-02-23 | I T H P P Soc Par Actions Simp | MULTICANAL ECLATOR WITH MULTIPLE INTERVALS AND HIGH POWER GENERATOR PULSEE |
| CN102130670B (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2013-03-27 | 华中科技大学 | Multipole field breakdown type vacuum trigger switch |
| CN103441427B (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-05-20 | 西安交通大学 | Multichannel gas spark switch applying plasma synthesis jet trigger technology |
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