CN108731905A - A kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method - Google Patents
A kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108731905A CN108731905A CN201810618471.7A CN201810618471A CN108731905A CN 108731905 A CN108731905 A CN 108731905A CN 201810618471 A CN201810618471 A CN 201810618471A CN 108731905 A CN108731905 A CN 108731905A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
- G01S5/22—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing methods, include the following steps：Step 1 installs train model in test air tunnel；Step 2, microphone array of the arrangement for test surfaces aerodynamic noise source in the side of train model arrange the far field microphone group for testing far field aerodynamic noise in the other side of train model；Step 3 synchronizes acquisition to the data of all microphones of arrangement, processing analysis is carried out to data.The synchronism detection of Train surface aerodynamic noise source and far field aerodynamic noise may be implemented in the present invention, Train surface aerodynamic noise source distribution character and far field aerodynamic noise can more comprehensively and be accurately obtained simultaneously along train longitudinally, laterally and vertical variation characteristic, it realizes comprehensive assessment train pneumatic noise characteristic, provides for train noise-reducing design and preferably instruct.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of rail traffic, more particularly to a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method.
Background technology
With the raising of train running speed, the interaction between train and air becomes more and more significant, train gas
Moving noise problem receives more and more attention.Studies have shown that when the speed of service of train reaches 300km/h, train pneumatic
Noise will be more than wheel-rail noise, become the main source of bullet train noise, and noise is exceeded usually becomes restriction train speed raising
Critical issue.Accurate understanding Train surface aerodynamic noise source distribution and far-field radiation aerodynamic noise characteristic are to carry out train drop
The basis for design of making an uproar.
Wind tunnel test is to study the important means of train pneumatic noise characteristic.Train pneumatic noise testing at present there is no unification
Effective method, in the prior art either using the surface aerodynamic noise source of microphone array positioning train or using wheat
The radiation aerodynamic noise of gram wind test train, as Patent No. 201611125527 " High Speed Train Models are in acoustic wind tunnel
Noise source localization method " and Patent No. 201611125526 " far-field noise of the High Speed Train Models in acoustic wind tunnel
Measurement method ".
Since train far field aerodynamic noise is generated by Train surface aerodynamic noise source radiation, far field aerodynamic noise and table
Face aerodynamic noise has one-to-one relationship between the two, it is therefore desirable to which synchronous development train pneumatic noise source and far field are pneumatically made an uproar
Sound test preferably instructs the pneumatic noise-reducing design of train to establish relationship between the two.
Invention content
The present invention is to provide a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method main dissatisfied the technical issues of determining, can be real
Now to the synchronism detection of Train surface aerodynamic noise source and far field aerodynamic noise, more comprehensively and accurately to reflect train pneumatic
The characteristic of noise.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method, includes the following steps：
Step 1 installs train model in test air tunnel；
Step 2, microphone array of the arrangement for test surfaces aerodynamic noise source in the side of train model, in train
The far field microphone group for testing far field aerodynamic noise is arranged in the other side of model；
Step 3 synchronizes acquisition to the data of all microphones of arrangement, processing analysis is carried out to data.
Further, during the test, to the first half of train model and latter half of surface aerodynamic noise source and far field
Aerodynamic noise synchronizes test respectively.
Further, in above-mentioned steps two, the microphone array for test surfaces aerodynamic noise source is classified as two test positions
It sets, respectively the first array test position and the second array test position, first array test position corresponds to train model
First half, the second array test position corresponds to the latter half of of train model.
Further, the train model is three marshalling scale models, and first array test position corresponds to head vehicle+middle vehicle
First half, the second array test position correspond to the latter half of trailer+middle vehicle.
Further, first array test position and the second array test position use same group of microphone array, wheat
Gram wind array, which is tested by mobile mechanism at first gust, mobile between column position and the second array test position successively to be tested.
Further, the distance between first array test position and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train model L1 are less than second gust
The distance between row test position and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train model L2.
Further, the far field microphone group is at least former and later two test positions on the direction of train model transverse direction,
First array test position synchronism detection of the far field microphone group and the microphone array of front-seat test position setting, heel row
The second array test position synchronism detection of the far field microphone group and the microphone array of test position setting.
Further, former and later two test positions use same group of far field microphone group, far field microphone group to pass through moving machine
Structure is mobile between front-seat test position and heel row test position successively to be tested.
Further, two rows are at least arranged in the far field microphone group in train model short transverse, correspond to respectively
The centre or middle and upper part position of rail level position and train model.
Further, three rows up and down are arranged in the far field microphone group in train model short transverse, correspond to rail level respectively
Position, the centre of train model or middle and upper part position, higher than the position of train model height.
In conclusion a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method provided by the invention, by comparing train in contracting
Model both sides are respectively arranged for the microphone array of test surfaces aerodynamic noise source and for testing the remote of far field aerodynamic noise
Field microphone group, realizes the synchronism detection of Train surface aerodynamic noise source and far field aerodynamic noise.Meanwhile it is each by reasonable Arrangement
Microphone test point can more comprehensively and accurately obtain Train surface aerodynamic noise source distribution character and far field aerodynamic noise along row
Vehicle is longitudinally, laterally and vertical variation characteristic is provided more preferably with comprehensive assessment train pneumatic noise characteristic for train noise-reducing design
It instructs on ground.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is test method flow chart of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention is further described in detail with specific implementation mode below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Embodiment one：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method provided by the invention, specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
Step 1 installs train model in test air tunnel.
In the present embodiment, using the open jet working section of low turbulence acoustic wind tunnel, ground is simulated using the floor of wind-tunnel,
The upper surface on floor is concordant with wind tunnel spout lower edge, and the gap between spout and floor uses rubber belt sealing.
Roadbed is installed in the middle part of floor, then branch support reduction is connected by roadbed and compares train model.In the present embodiment, train is compared in contracting
Model uses the three vehicle classification types of " head vehicle+centre vehicle+trailer ".
Step 2 arranges measuring point.
In the present embodiment, in order to realize the synchronism detection of surface aerodynamic noise source and far field aerodynamic noise, according to train mould
Type feature and relevant criterion requirement, face wind-tunnel direction of flow are arranged in the side (left side of such as train model) of train model
For the phased microphone array of test surfaces aerodynamic noise source, meanwhile, on the other side (right side of such as train model of train model
Side) far field microphone group of the arrangement for testing far field aerodynamic noise.Phased microphone array plane and far field microphone group institute
It is arranged in parallel in plane and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train, to be synchronized to Train surface aerodynamic noise source and far field aerodynamic noise
Test.
Under normal conditions, train model is longer, and wind-tunnel incoming is along the longitudinal flow of train, train head, middle part, tail portion
Airflow characteristic is different, and air-flow flows the diffusion of flare shape.In order to more comprehensively and accurately obtain train overall length
Aerodynamic noise feature, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that train model is divided into first half and latter half, during the test,
First half and latter half of surface aerodynamic noise source and far field aerodynamic noise to train model synchronize test respectively.Its
In, the first half of train model refers to " head vehicle+middle Chinese herbaceous peony half part ", and " trailer+middle vehicle is latter half of for the latter half of finger of train model
Point ".
In the present embodiment, the phased microphone array for test surfaces aerodynamic noise source, which is listed on train longitudinal direction, to be arranged
Two test positions, respectively the first array test position and the second array test position.Wherein, the first array test position pair
The first half of train model is answered, the second array test position corresponds to the latter half of of train model, and corresponds to each section respectively
Centre position, to be carried out respectively to the surface aerodynamic noise source of " head vehicle+middle Chinese herbaceous peony half part ", " trailer+middle vehicle latter half "
Test, and then obtain the surface aerodynamic noise source distribution of three vehicle marshalings.
Required equipment is tested in order to simplify, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first array test position and the second array test
Position uses same group of phased microphone array.The microphone array is mounted on array rack, can be arranged to as needed
It is whole that hexagon, rectangular, rectangle, circular shape is presented.On the vertical direction of train, microphone array bottom is flat with rail level
Together, on train horizontal direction, distance of the microphone array away from the longitudinally asymmetric face of train it is ensured that its substantially not by wind-tunnel incoming
Influence, to ensure the accuracy of gathered data.
Microphone array is tested by mobile mechanism at first gust mobile first between column position and the second array test position
After tested.According to airflow characteristic, the distance between the first array test position and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train model L1
Less than the distance between the second array test position and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train model L2.It is preferred that when microphone array is directed at " head
When centre position (the i.e. first gust test column position) of vehicle+middle Chinese herbaceous peony half part ", this distance L1 should be greater than or be equal to 4.5m.And
When microphone array is directed at the centre position of " trailer+middle vehicle latter half " (i.e. second gust test column position), this distance L2
It should be greater than or be equal to 5.0m.By such arrangement, it is conducive to, according to train longitudinal direction overdraught flow behavior, obtain train head
Vehicle, middle vehicle, trailer surface aerodynamic noise source data, obtain Train surface aerodynamic noise source distribution character, instruct train
Pneumatic noise-reducing design.
When test, microphone array is first directed to the centre position of " head vehicle+middle Chinese herbaceous peony half part ".This position measurement is completed
Afterwards, microphone array is moved along train model longitudinal direction to the direction in tailstock portion, at the same along train model horizontal direction to
Direction far from train model is moved, and the centre position of microphone array alignment " trailer+middle vehicle latter half " is made.
For far field microphone group, at least provided with former and later two test positions on the direction of train model transverse direction,
Distance away from the longitudinally asymmetric face of train is not it is ensured that it is influenced by wind-tunnel incoming.The far field microphone of front-seat test position setting
First array test position synchronism detection of group and microphone array, between front-seat test position and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train model
Distance should be not less than 6.5m, heel row test position setting far field microphone group and microphone array the second array test position
Synchronism detection is set, the distance between heel row test position and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train model should be not less than 7.5m.
Equally, in order to simplify test equipment, former and later two test positions use same group of far field microphone group, far field Mike
Wind group is successively tested by the way that mobile mechanism is mobile between front-seat test position and heel row test position.Position is tested at front row
After the completion of setting test, by mobile mechanism by far field microphone group along train model horizontal direction to far from train model direction
It is moved to heel row test position, then carries out second group of test.
Far field microphone group is at least arranged two rows in train model short transverse, in the present embodiment, is preferably arranging
Vehicle model Vertical Square sets up three row's microphone of upper, middle and lower, often arranges along the longitudinally disposed multiple microphones of train model, same row
Height of the microphone apart from rail level it is identical.Three row's microphones correspond to respectively rail level position, train model centre or middle and upper part
Position, higher than the position of train model height, specially the full-scale distance away from rail level be 1.2m, 3.5m and 5m.The present embodiment
In, 10 microphones arranged in often arranging, the distance between two neighboring microphone is equal, preferably 0.8m.
By the preferred arrangement of above-mentioned far field microphone group, can test train far field aerodynamic noise it is longitudinal along train,
Lateral and vertical variation characteristic, and then realize the far field aerodynamic noise characteristic of comprehensive assessment train, preferably instruct train gas
Dynamic noise-reducing design.
Step 3, train pneumatic noise testing synchronize acquisition to the data of all microphones of arrangement, to data into
Row processing analysis.
Specific testing procedure in two steps, first by phased microphone array be directed at that the first array surveys that seat sets " head vehicle+
The centre position of middle Chinese herbaceous peony half part ", the distance away from the longitudinally asymmetric face of train are selected as 4.8m；Meanwhile by far field microphone group
It is fixed on closer front-seat test position, this front-seat the distance between test position and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train model should be selected as
6.5m.Start wind-tunnel, starts to test, acquire the data of microphone at all measuring points, and send data on console, by controlling
Platform processed analyzes the data of acquisition.This step is used for " the head vehicle+middle Chinese herbaceous peony half portion of synchronism detection train at a certain wind speed
Point " surface aerodynamic noise source and away from the far field aerodynamic noise at the longitudinally asymmetric face closer location of train.
After completing first group of test, phased microphone array is moved along train model vertical and horizontal direction, keeps its right
Quasi- the second array surveys the centre position of " trailer+middle vehicle latter half " that seat is set, the distance choosing away from the longitudinally asymmetric face of train
For 5.3m.Meanwhile far field microphone group is moved to heel row test position farther out along train model horizontal direction, this heel row is surveyed
Examination the distance between position and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train model should be selected as 7.5m.Start wind-tunnel, starts to test, acquire all measuring points
Locate the data of microphone, and send data on console, the data of acquisition are analyzed by console.This step is used for
The surface aerodynamic noise source of " trailer+middle vehicle latter half " of synchronism detection train at a certain wind speed and longitudinally asymmetric away from train
The face far field aerodynamic noise at position farther out.
By above-mentioned testing procedure, can with synchronization gain train head vehicle, middle vehicle, trailer surface aerodynamic noise source distribution and
Corresponding far field aerodynamic noise, can obtain Train surface aerodynamic noise source distribution character, and can study far field aerodynamic noise
Longitudinally, laterally and vertical variation characteristic instructs the pneumatic drop of train with the aerodynamic noise characteristic of overall merit train along train
It makes an uproar design.
As described above, the plan content in conjunction with given by attached drawing, can derive similar technical solution.In every case it is not de-
Content from technical solution of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention to made by above example it is any it is simple modification, etc.
With variation and modification, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1 installs train model in test air tunnel；
Step 2, microphone array of the arrangement for test surfaces aerodynamic noise source in the side of train model, in train model
The other side arrange far field microphone group for testing far field aerodynamic noise；
Step 3 synchronizes acquisition to the data of all microphones of arrangement, processing analysis is carried out to data.
2. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It was testing
Cheng Zhong, first half and latter half of surface aerodynamic noise source and far field aerodynamic noise to train model synchronize survey respectively
Examination.
3. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In above-mentioned step
In rapid two, the microphone array for test surfaces aerodynamic noise source is classified as two test positions, respectively the first array test position
It sets and corresponds to the first half of train model with the second array test position, first array test position, the second array is surveyed
Examination position corresponds to the latter half of of train model.
4. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The train
Model is three marshalling scale models, and first array test position corresponds to head vehicle+middle Chinese herbaceous peony half part, and the second array is surveyed
Examination position corresponds to the latter half of trailer+middle vehicle.
5. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described first
Array test position and the second array test position use same group of microphone array, and microphone array is by mobile mechanism the
It is mobile between a burst of test column position and the second array test position successively to be tested.
6. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described first
It is vertical with train model that the distance between array test position and the longitudinally asymmetric face of train model L1 are less than the second array test position
To the distance between plane of symmetry L2.
7. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The far field
Microphone group is at least former and later two test positions, the far field wheat of front-seat test position setting on the direction of train model transverse direction
First array test position synchronism detection of gram wind group and the microphone array, the far field microphone of heel row test position setting
The second array test position synchronism detection of group and the microphone array.
8. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Former and later two
Test position uses same group of far field microphone group, far field microphone group to be surveyed in front-seat test position and heel row by mobile mechanism
It is mobile between examination position successively to be tested.
9. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The far field
Two rows are at least arranged in microphone group in train model short transverse, correspond to rail level position and the centre of train model respectively
Or middle and upper part position.
10. a kind of train pneumatic aeroacoustic wind tunnel testing method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：It is described remote
Upper and lower three rows be arrangeds in microphone group in train model short transverse, correspond to respectively rail level position, train model centre or
Middle and upper part position, higher than the position of train model height.
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| CN109633547A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Pneumatic noise source positioning method and system based on near-field acoustic holography |
| CN110631842A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-31 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Method for testing surface noise source intensity of automobile side window |
| CN111044272A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-04-21 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司嘉兴供电公司 | High-voltage circuit breaker mechanical characteristic test method and device based on big data technology |
| CN111537181A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-14 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Thermal noise wind tunnel based on arc heating and test method |
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| CN111044272A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-04-21 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司嘉兴供电公司 | High-voltage circuit breaker mechanical characteristic test method and device based on big data technology |
| CN111537181A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-14 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Thermal noise wind tunnel based on arc heating and test method |
| CN111537181B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-04-29 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Thermal noise wind tunnel based on arc heating and test method |
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Application publication date: 20181102 |