CN108728611A - 一种马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管晶粒细化方法 - Google Patents

一种马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管晶粒细化方法 Download PDF

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CN108728611A
CN108728611A CN201810853225.XA CN201810853225A CN108728611A CN 108728611 A CN108728611 A CN 108728611A CN 201810853225 A CN201810853225 A CN 201810853225A CN 108728611 A CN108728611 A CN 108728611A
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刘正东
陈正宗
徐松乾
包汉生
赵海平
刘春海
李连贵
刘震
杨钢
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
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Abstract

一种马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管晶粒细化方法,属于钢铁材料领域。采用热挤压后的管坯,奥氏体化温度930‑980℃,保温1~6小时,炉冷至740℃±10℃保温60~100小时,然后炉冷却至200℃以下;正火温度1030~1080℃,保温时间1.5~5小时,水冷至200℃以下;回火温度780℃±10℃,保温时间3~6小时,空冷至室温。优点在于,从消除组织遗传性角度,在正火+回火热处理前,先对管坯进行奥氏体化处理,随后进行等温退火,组织特征为铁素体+碳化物+少量Laves相,从而在后续正火重新加热过程中消除组织遗传性,不仅使细化晶粒,而且不同壁厚位置处晶粒相对更均匀性,提高了径向组织与性能均匀性。

Description

一种马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管晶粒细化方法
技术领域
本发明属于钢铁材料领域,涉及一种马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管晶粒细化方法,特别适合于电站锅炉相关厚壁管道。
背景技术
提高机组蒸汽参数(温度与压力)是提高机组热效率和实现节煤减排的最重要措施。
耐热材料是制约火电机组向更高参数发展的主要“瓶颈”问题。研究和实践表明,P92型马氏体耐热钢可用于628℃蒸汽温度以下部分大口径锅炉管制造。当蒸汽温度超过628℃,必须选用具有更高强度的耐热材料。专利ZL 201210574445.1“650℃蒸汽温度超超临界火电机组用钢及制备方法”,是钢铁研究总院自主研制的可用于630~650℃蒸汽参数超超临界火电机组的新型马氏体耐热钢,企业牌号G115,其室温拉伸性能、冲击性能、高温力学性能和持久性能均远远高于GB5310和ASME标准中的P92钢;同时,其也高于专利CN101680065 B“铁素体类耐热钢”(即SAVE12AD)相同条件下的持久寿命值约20~30%。
2017年,国家能源局已正式批复大唐集团山东郓城630℃超超临界二次再热机组示范项目,计划该项目2021年并网发电。与此同时,作为集团产业升级,神华国华清远630℃超超临界二次再热机组项目也已获集团批准,于近期开建。上述630℃项目中,锅炉主蒸汽管道唯一所选材料就是我国创新研制的新型马氏体耐热钢G115,在国家推动创新驱动发展的今天,具有重要的现实意义。
目前,600℃超(超)临界电站锅炉用大口径厚壁无缝管规格为外径Φ273~1066mm,壁厚20~130mm。我国生产大口径厚壁耐热钢管主要采用垂直热挤压方法,与传统方法相比,此方法具有明显优势,详见专利CN 101706019 B。我国有3万吨力以上的大型垂直挤压机数台,已打破国外的技术垄断,开发出具有自主知识产权的大口径厚壁无缝钢管制造工艺和技术。虽然我国具备生产大口径厚壁耐热钢管的热成形技术,但是,在大口径厚壁成品管晶粒控制等方面还存在一些问题。
专利CN 101899556 B“高温承压用铁素体耐热钢细化粗化晶粒的热处理方法”:提出了一种针对10Cr9Mo1VNbN或10Cr9MoW2VNbBN铁素体耐热钢细化粗化晶粒的热处理方法,但不适用于其它牌号耐热钢材料。
G115钢属于新型马氏体耐热钢,热处理过程不仅需要考虑马氏体相变影响,而且由于壁厚较厚(60~150mm),必须考虑尺寸因素的影响,否则极易出现粗大晶粒或混晶,导致成品管径向组织与性能不均匀,对后续制造及焊接带来极大挑战。
随着我国630℃超超临界燃煤示范电站建设工期临近,新型马氏体耐热钢G115是该示范机组主蒸汽管道的唯一材料,解决厚壁成品管晶粒控制问题对于G115的工业推广应用,具有重要的现实意义。因此,发明一种马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管晶粒细化方法迫在眉捷。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管晶粒细化方法,该方法不仅使G115钢大口径厚壁成品管(壁厚60~150mm)晶粒细化,而且使其径向组织与性能更均匀,克服现有技术所存在的不足。
本发明为解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案包括以下步骤:
(1)奥氏体化:采用热挤压后的管坯,500℃装炉,以加热速度100~150℃/h升温至930-980℃,保温1~6小时,然后冷却至740℃±10℃保温60~100小时,随炉冷却至200℃以下;
(2)正火:500℃装炉,以加热速度100~150℃/h升温至温度1030~1080℃,保温时间1.5~5小时,水冷至200℃以下;
(3)回火:500℃装炉,以加热速度100~150℃/h升温至780℃±10℃,保温时间3~6小时,空冷至室温。
所述的马氏体耐热钢的化学成分质量百分比如下(wt.%):C 0.07~0.10%;Si≤0.5%;Mn 0.3~0.7%;P≤0.004%;S≤0.002%;Cr 8.5~9.5%;W 2.5~3.5%;Co 2.5~3.5%;Nb 0.03~0.07%;V 0.10~0.30%;Cu 0.8~1.0%;N 0.007~0.011%;B 0.011~0.020%;Ni≤0.01%;Al≤0.005%;Ti≤0.01%;Zr≤0.01%;余量为Fe及其它不避免的杂质。
所述的马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管的壁厚为60~150mm。
具有粗大原奥氏体晶粒的钢在重新奥氏体化后,晶粒度维持原有等级,从而晶粒粗大与不均匀难以消除的现象称为钢的组织遗传特性。通常认为,该现象由于非平衡组织在奥氏体化时,形成片状奥氏体组织并与母相呈K-S位向关系,从而维持晶粒的粗大形态。
本发明具有的优点和有益效果:本发明从消除组织遗传性角度,在正火+回火热处理前,先对管坯进行奥氏体化后预冷,随后进行等温退火,等温退火得到G115钢近似平衡态组织,即铁素体+碳化物+Laves相,从而在后续正火重新加热过程中消除组织遗传性,不仅使细化晶粒,而且提高了不同壁厚位置处晶粒均匀性,使径向组织与性能均匀性提高。采用本发明获得的马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管(壁厚60~150mm)平均晶粒度3~6级,且厚壁管径向晶粒度均匀性良好。
附图说明
图1为G115现有技术规定的正常热处理工艺曲线图。
图2为本发明G115热处理工艺曲线图。
图3为G115现有技术条件下粗大晶粒组织图。
图4为本发明G115大管热处理等温退火后近似平衡态组织图。
图5为按本发明热处理后G115大管(壁厚150mm)外1/4壁厚处金相组织图。
图6为按本发明热处理后G115大管(壁厚150mm)1/2壁厚处金相组织图。
图7为按本发明热处理后G115大管(壁厚150mm)内1/4壁厚处金相组织图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明对G115马氏体耐热钢热挤压后的管坯,壁厚150mm,在正火+回火热处理之前,在980℃进行奥氏体化,预冷至745℃保温75小时,随炉冷却。重新加热至1040℃,保温时间3小时,水冷;随后进行780℃,保温时间6小时,空冷。不仅使G115大口径厚壁成品管粗大晶粒得以细化,而且提高不同壁厚位置处晶粒均匀性,因此提高了厚壁管径向组织与性能均匀性。
实施例2
本发明对G115马氏体耐热钢热挤压后的管坯,壁厚60mm,在正火+回火热处理之前,在930℃进行奥氏体化,预冷至730℃保温60小时,随炉冷却。重新加热至1080℃,保温时间1.5小时,水冷;随后进行780℃,保温时间3小时,空冷。不仅使G115大口径厚壁成品管粗大晶粒得以细化,而且提高不同壁厚位置处晶粒均匀性,因此提高了厚壁管径向组织与性能均匀性。

Claims (3)

1.一种马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管晶粒细化方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)奥氏体化:采用热挤压后的管坯,500℃装炉,以加热速度100~150℃/h升温至930-980℃,保温1~6小时,然后冷却至740℃±10℃保温60~100小时,随炉冷却至200℃以下;
(2)正火:500℃装炉,以加热速度100~150℃/h升温至温度1030~1080℃,保温时间1.5~5小时,水冷至200℃以下;
(3)回火:500℃装炉,以加热速度100~150℃/h升温至780℃±10℃,保温时间3~6小时,空冷至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的马氏体耐热钢的化学成分质量百分比如下(wt.%):C 0.07~0.10%;Si≤0.5%;Mn 0.3~0.7%;P≤0.004%;S≤0.002%;Cr8.5~9.5%;W 2.5~3.5%;Co 2.5~3.5%;Nb 0.03~0.07%;V 0.10~0.30%;Cu 0.8~1.0%;N 0.007~0.011%;B 0.011~0.020%;Ni≤0.01%;Al≤0.005%;Ti≤0.01%;Zr≤0.01%;余量为Fe及其它不避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的马氏体耐热钢大口径厚壁管的壁厚为60~150mm。
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