CN108727568B - Cross-linkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Cross-linkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cross-linkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material, a preparation method and application thereof, preparing ternary random polymers with different olefin bond contents by adjusting the composition of monomers containing olefin bonds and carrying out high-temperature heat treatment for time, meanwhile, the method discloses how to obtain an active layer material with a cross-linked structure while keeping high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and expect to obtain an all-polymer solar device with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent thermal stability, and realize the application in the field of organic solar cells, in addition, the method has simple process, and the obtained material shows better high-temperature-resistant thermal stability when applied to the photovoltaic material active layer compared with the common polymer donor/acceptor photovoltaic material active layer, so that the stability of the device can be obviously improved when applied to the field of all-polymer solar cells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photoelectric materials, particularly relates to an organic solar photoelectric material, and more particularly relates to a cross-linkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
All-polymer solar cells (All-PSCs) prepared by blending p-type conjugated polymer donor materials and n-type polymer acceptor materials as photosensitive active layers are widely researched due to the advantages of good film forming property, good stability and the like. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the All-PSCs exceeds that of fullerene batteries in short years, thus showing the great potential. However, the service life of the all-polymer solar cell is still a certain gap compared with that of the inorganic photovoltaic cell, and further improvement of the thermal stability of the all-polymer solar device is necessary to realize the application. Although the photothermal stability of the full polymer cell is greatly improved compared with that of the fullerene and small molecule acceptor cell, the efficiency of the reported device is still reduced in a short time at a high temperature, mainly because the polymer donor/acceptor active layer is obtained by a physical method, the entropy base value of two macromolecular substances is obviously reduced once the two macromolecular substances are mixed together, and the disorder degree of a polymer chain is increased, so that the ideal phase separation size (exciton diffusion length of 10nm) cannot be formed between the donor and the acceptor, and the charge separation and transmission are blocked. The photosensitive active layer of the all-polymer solar cell has the advantages that the donor and the acceptor are macromolecules, if the two macromolecules are connected in the original formed interpenetrating network structure in a covalent bond mode, the appearance of the active layer can be fixed, and therefore the stability (light and heat) of the active layer is improved, and the cross-linking is a simple and effective method for connecting the two macromolecules. Crosslinking, i.e. the introduction of crosslinkable groups at the end groups of the polymer side chains, such as: bromine, ethylene bond, azide group, and crosslinking group of the end group generate free radicals under ultraviolet irradiation or heating, and covalent bonds are generated among macromolecules through a free radical coupling mechanism so as to be connected together to obtain the infusible and insoluble crosslinked polymer.
Under the background, the present inventor introduces a crosslinking group (olefin double bond) into a side chain of a high-efficiency polymer receptor based on Naphthalene Diimide (NDI) reported at present through a ternary polymerization method, wherein the current photoelectric conversion efficiency of the polymer receptor based on the NDI can reach 10.1%, and simultaneously uses a reported polymer with a double bond in a side chain as a donor, and combines the polymer with the double bond in the side chain as an active layer, the double bond of the polymer donor-receptor with the double bond in the side chain is broken at high temperature to generate a free radical, and an active layer of a cross-linked nano-size separated donor-receptor interpenetrating network structure is obtained through the termination of the free radical coupling, so that the stability of a full polymer device assembled based on the cross-linked active layer is effectively improved due to the fixation of the cross-linking bond in the appearance of.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the situation of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material of an n-type polymer receptor material with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and crosslinking performance, a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell acceptor material, which is a polymer and has a general structural formula shown in formula 1:
wherein x is in the range of 0.90 to 0.99, R1,R2,R3Selected from alkyl groups of C4 to C12, D is an electron donor unit, and n represents the number of repeating units of the polymer and has a value of between 10 and 1000.
Further, D in the structural formula is a thiophene unit, a selenophene unit, a bithiophene unit or a bitselenophene unit.
Further, the number average molecular weight of the polymer is 10000-.
A preparation method of a cross-linkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material comprises the steps of mixing a monomer A, a monomer B and a monomer C, sequentially adding a catalyst and a solvent, carrying out reflux treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere for 24-48 hours, cooling the mixture (an end-capping agent can be added before cooling to react for 6-12 hours), adding methanol to precipitate to obtain a precipitate, washing the precipitate with methanol, acetone and n-hexane respectively, adding chloroform to dissolve the precipitate, collecting a chloroform phase, adding methanol to precipitate, carrying out suction filtration and drying to obtain the cross-linkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material shown in the structural formula 1;
wherein, the monomer A has a structural general formula shown as a structural formula 2:
the monomer B has a structural general formula shown as a structural formula 3:
the monomer C is as follows: 2, 5-di (trimethyltin) thiophene, 2, 5-di (trimethyltin) selenophene, 5/Bis (trimethyltin) -2,2/Bithiophene or 5,5/Bis (trimethyltin) -2,2/-diselenophene.
Further, the solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
Further, the molar ratio of A to B to C of the conjugated units of the monomer A, the monomer B and the monomer C is 1:0.90-0.99: 0.01-0.10.
It is further preferred that the number average molecular weight of the polymer is between 10000-50000, it being understood that varying the molecular weight may optimize the crosslinking and photovoltaic properties of the polymer. Such as: the lower molecular weight can ensure that the crosslinking is not easy in the polymerization process, the higher molecular weight can ensure good film forming property, and the molecular weight distribution index of the polymer prepared by the invention can be 1.5-3.5.
The composition for the photovoltaic material active layer of the all-polymer solar cell comprises the crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell acceptor material and a polymer donor C-PBDTTTPD-0.10 in a ratio of 1:1.5, wherein the polymer donor is a double-bond-containing polymer donor based on benzodithiophene and thienopyrroledione, and has a structural general formula shown as a structural formula 4:
the photovoltaic material active layer composition forms a cross-linked donor-acceptor interpenetrating network structure after being subjected to heat treatment for 1.5 hours at a high temperature of 150 ℃.
Further, the number average molecular weight Mn of the polymer donor was 11kg/mol, and PDI was 1.81.
A photovoltaic device comprises a hole collecting layer, an electron collecting layer and a photovoltaic material active layer arranged between the hole collecting layer and the electron collecting layer, wherein the photovoltaic material active layer comprises the cross-linkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell acceptor material and is subjected to heat treatment at 150 ℃ for 1.5 hours.
Experiments prove that after the cross-linkable NDI (naphthalene diimide) -based polymer receptor provided by the invention and the selected polymer donor are combined, the cross-linking process of covalent bond connection between receptor macromolecules can be realized by adopting a high-temperature 150-degree heat treatment cross-linking process, and the thermal stability of the assembled all-polymer solar device can be obviously improved.
By adopting the technical scheme, the crosslinkable olefin bond is introduced into the side chain of the NDI-based polymer receptor material by a ternary polymerization method, the crosslinking content is regulated and controlled to be below 20 percent, so that the high photoelectric conversion efficiency of the original NDI-based polymer receptor can be kept, meanwhile, the introduction of the crosslinkable group (olefin double bond) enables the polymer receptor to have the crosslinking performance, and after the crosslinkable group is combined with the crosslinkable polymer donor, the heat treatment process can be adopted to obtain the active layer with the crosslinked interpenetrating network structure connected with the covalent bond of the donor receptor, and the active layer is applied to all-polymer solar devices, so that the heat stability of the corresponding devices is improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description of the specification:
FIG. 1 is a chemical reaction scheme of polymers C-PNDI-T-x of examples 1 and 2 of the present invention; wherein, the solvent is toluene: n, N-dimethylformamide (5: 1);
FIG. 2 shows the UV-VIS absorption spectra (measured for crosslinking) of polymer c-PNDI-0.05 after immersion in boiling chloroform with and without heat treatment;
FIG. 3 is a chemical reaction scheme of polymers C-PNDI-Se-x of examples 3 and 4 of the present invention; wherein, the solvent is toluene: n, N-dimethylformamide (5: 1);
FIG. 4 is a chemical reaction scheme of polymer C-PNDI-2T-x of example 5 of the present invention; wherein, the solvent is toluene: n, N-dimethylformamide (10: 1);
FIG. 5 is a structural formula of a selected polymer donor c-PBDTTTPD-0.10;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the thermal stability at 150 ℃ of devices assembled from the cross-linkable polymer receptor c-PNDI-0.05 and donor c-PBDTTTPD-0.10 compositions of the present invention, for comparison, a set of cross-linking free polymer compositions was selected to assemble devices to test the thermal stability under the same conditions.
Detailed Description
In describing embodiments of the invention, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity.
The practice of the present invention may employ conventional techniques of polymer chemistry within the skill of the art. All solvents were subjected to water removal and the reaction was carried out under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, all solvents being commercially available unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
Synthesis of Polymer C-PNDI-T-0.05
The chemical reaction scheme of this example is shown in fig. 1, and the specific reaction steps and reaction conditions are as follows:
0.01045mmol of monomer A (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-di (2-hexyldecyl) -benzo [ lmn ] under nitrogen protection][3,8]Phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro), 0.0055mmol of the monomer B (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-diundecenyl) -benzo [ lmn][3,8]O-phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro, 0.11mmol of monomer C (2, 5-di (trimethylstannyl) thiophene) are mixed, and then 5 mol% of catalyst tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Pd) is added in sequence2(dba)3) And 10 mol% of the ligand tris (o-methylphenyl) phosphine (P (o-tyl)3) The mixture was dissolved in 3mL of a mixed solvent of toluene and N, N-dimethylformamide (5: 1). Then stirring the reaction solution at 110 ℃ for reflux reaction for 48h, adding 0.11mmol of phenylboronic acid for end capping, and continuing to react for 6 h; and adding 0.3-0.5 mL of bromobenzene for end capping, reacting at 110 ℃ for 6 hours, and stopping the reaction. And after the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, slowly dripping the reaction liquid into 200mL of methanol for separation, eluting precipitates obtained by filtering in a Soxhlet extractor by using methanol, acetone and n-hexane in sequence, dissolving the precipitates by using chloroform, precipitating into the methanol to separate out solids, filtering and drying to obtain a bluish black solid polymer C-PNDI-T-0.05.
The characterization results were as follows:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)：8.97(s,1H),7.46(s,1H),5.81(s,0.04H),4.92(s,0.08H),4.15(s,2H),3.15(s,1H),2.02(s,4H),1.25(dd,J＝28.4,22.2Hz,20H),0.88–0.64(m,4H)。
the molecular weight Mn measured by GPC was 26kg/mol, and the PDI was 3.17.
The following structural formula is the structural formula of the polymer C-PNDI-T-0.05 prepared in the example.
Testing
FIG. 2 shows the UV-VIS absorption spectrum of polymer C-PNDI-T-0.05, with the lines shown from top to bottom in order:
solid line: a spectrogram of the polymer film before boiling and chloroform soaking;
horizontal dotted line: a spectrogram of a polymer film subjected to 150-degree heat treatment after being soaked in boiling chloroform;
dotted line: a spectrogram of a polymer film which is not subjected to heat treatment at 150 ℃ after being soaked in boiling chloroform;
the cross-linking performance can be measured according to an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum diagram, and the polymer is not easy to be dissolved by boiling chloroform and still keeps high absorbance after cross-linking.
Example 2
Synthesis of Polymer C-PNDI-T-0.03
The chemical reaction scheme of this example is shown in fig. 1, and the specific reaction steps and reaction conditions are as follows:
0.1012mmol of monomer A (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-di (2-hexyldecyl) -benzo [ lmn ] under nitrogen protection][3,8]Phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro), 0.0088mmol of the monomer B (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-diundecenyl) -benzo [ lmn][3,8]After mixing phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro and 0.11mmol of the monomer C (2, 5-bis (trimethylstannyl) thiophene), 5 mol% of the catalyst tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Pd) are added in sequence2(dba)3) And 10 mol% of the ligand tris (o-methylphenyl) phosphine (P (o-tyl)3) Mixing and dissolving the mixture in 3mL of mixed solvent of toluene and N, N dimethylformamide (5: 1); then stirring the reaction solution at 110 ℃ for reflux reaction for 48h, adding 0.11mmol of phenylboronic acid for end capping, and continuing to react for 7 h; adding 0.3-0.5 mL of bromobenzene for end capping, and stopping reaction after reacting for 4 hours at 110 ℃; after the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, slowly dropping the reaction liquid into 200mL of methanol for separation, and filtering the obtained precipitate in a Soxhlet extractorSequentially eluting with methanol, acetone and n-hexane, dissolving with chloroform, precipitating into methanol, separating out solid, filtering, and oven drying to obtain blue black solid polymer C-PNDI-T-0.03.
The characterization results were as follows:
11H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)：8.97(s,1H),7.45(s,1H),5.81(s,0.02H),4.92(s,0.04H),4.15(s,2H),3.14(s,1H),2.02(s,4H),1.25(dd,J＝28.9,22.1Hz,20H),0.83(dd,J＝15.2,6.8Hz,4H)。
the molecular weight Mn measured by GPC was 15kg/mol, and PDI was 1.66.
The following structural formula is the structural formula of the polymer C-PNDI-T-0.03 prepared in the example.
Example 3
Synthesis of Polymer C-PNDI-Se-0.05
The chemical reaction scheme of this example is shown in fig. 3, and the specific reaction steps and reaction conditions are as follows:
0.1045mmol of monomer A (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-di (2-hexyldecyl) -benzo [ lmn ] under nitrogen protection][3,8]Phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro), 0.0055mmol of the monomer B (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-diundecenyl) -benzo [ lmn][3,8]After mixing the phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro group and 0.11mmol of the monomer C (2, 5-di (trimethylstannyl) selenophene), 5 mol% of the catalyst tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Pd) is added in sequence2(dba)3) And 10 mol% of ligand tri (o-methylphenyl) phosphine (P (o-tyl)3) are mixed and dissolved in 3mL of a mixed solvent of toluene and N, N-dimethylformamide (5: 1); then stirring the reaction solution at 110 ℃ for reflux reaction for 36h, adding 0.11mmol of phenylboronic acid for end capping, and continuing the reaction for 4 h; adding 0.3-0.5 mL of bromobenzene for end capping, then reacting at 110 ℃ for 6h, and stopping the reaction; after the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, slowly dripping the reaction liquid into 200mL of methanol for separation, eluting precipitates obtained by filtering in a Soxhlet extractor by using methanol, acetone and normal hexane in sequence, finally dissolving the precipitates by using chloroform, precipitating into the methanol to separate out solids, filtering and drying to obtain the productTo a blue-black solid polymer C-PNDI-Se-0.05.
The characterization results were as follows:
11H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)：:9.00(s,1H),7.65(s,1H),,5.81(s,0.04H),4.92(s,0.07H),4.15(s,2H),3.11(s,1H)2.02(s,4H),1.33(d,J＝69.2Hz,20H),0.84(d,J＝16.1Hz,4H).
the molecular weight Mn was 11kg/mol and PDI was 2.01 by GPC.
The following structural formula is the structural formula of polymer C-PNDI-Se-0.05 prepared in the example.
Example 4
Synthesis of Polymer C-PNDI-Se-0.10
The chemical reaction scheme of this example is shown in fig. 3, and the specific reaction steps and reaction conditions are as follows:
under the protection of nitrogen, 0.099mmol of monomer A (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-di (2-hexyldecyl) -benzo [ lmn)][3,8]Phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro), 0.011mmol of the monomer B (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-diundecenyl) -benzo [ lmn][3,8]After mixing phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro and 0.11mmol of the monomer C (2, 5-bis (trimethylstannyl) selenophene), 5 mol% of the catalyst tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Pd) are added in sequence2(dba)3) And 10 mol% of ligand tri (o-methylphenyl) phosphine (P (o-tyl)3) are mixed and dissolved in 3mL of a mixed solvent of toluene and N, N-dimethylformamide (5: 1); then stirring the reaction solution at 110 ℃ for reflux reaction, adding 0.11mmol of phenylboronic acid (0.11mmol) for end capping after 30h, and continuing the reaction for 5 h; adding 0.3-0.5 mL of bromobenzene for end capping, then reacting at 110 ℃ for 6h, and stopping the reaction; and after the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, slowly dripping the reaction liquid into 200mL of methanol for separation, eluting precipitates obtained by filtering in a Soxhlet extractor by using methanol, acetone and n-hexane in sequence, finally dissolving the precipitates by using chloroform, precipitating into the methanol to separate out solids, filtering and drying to obtain a bluish black solid polymer C-PNDI-Se-0.10.
The characterization results were as follows:
11H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)：:9.00(s,1H),7.65(s,1H),5.81(s,0.1H),4.92(s,0.2H),4.15(s,2H),2.02(s,1H),3.11(s,4H),1.33(d,J＝69.2Hz,20H),0.84(d,J＝16.1Hz,4H).
the molecular weight Mn measured by GPC was 21kg/mol, and PDI was 2.54.
The following structural formula is the structural formula of the polymer C-PNDI-Se-0.10 prepared by the implementation
Example 5
Synthesis of Polymer C-PNDI-2T-0.10
The chemical reaction scheme of this example is shown in fig. 4, and the specific reaction steps and reaction conditions are as follows:
under the protection of nitrogen, 0.099mmol of monomer A (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-di (2-hexyldecyl) -benzo [ lmn)][3,8]Phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro), 0.011mmol of the monomer B (4, 9-dibromo-2, 7-diundecenyl) -benzo [ lmn][3,8]Phenanthroline-1, 3,6, 8-tetranitro and 0.11mmol of monomer C (5, 5)/Bis (trimethyltin) -2,2/-bithiophene) and then 5 mol% of a catalyst tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Pd) were added in succession2(dba)3) And 10 mol% of ligand tri (o-methylphenyl) phosphine (P (o-tyl)3) are mixed and dissolved in 3mL of a mixed solvent of toluene and N, N-dimethylformamide (10: 1); then stirring the reaction solution at 110 ℃ for reflux reaction for 48h, adding 0.11mmol of phenylboronic acid for end capping, and continuing the reaction for 4 h; adding 0.3-0.5 mL of bromobenzene for end capping, reacting at 110 ℃ for 5 hours, and stopping the reaction; and after the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, slowly dripping the reaction liquid into 200mL of methanol for separation, eluting precipitates obtained by filtering in a Soxhlet extractor by using methanol, acetone and n-hexane in sequence, dissolving the precipitates by using chloroform, precipitating into the methanol, separating out solids, filtering and drying to obtain a bluish black solid polymer C-PNDI-2T-0.10.
The characterization results were as follows:
11H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)：:8.80(s,2H),7.55(s,1H),5.80(s,0.08H),4.92(s,0.16H),4.15(s,2H),3.08(s,1H),2.02(s,4H),1.33(d,J＝69.2Hz,20H),0.84(d,J＝16.1Hz,4H).
the molecular weight Mn measured by GPC was 31kg/mol, and PDI was 2.54.
A photovoltaic device comprises a hole collection layer, an electron collection layer and a photovoltaic material active layer arranged between the hole collection layer and the electron collection layer, wherein the photovoltaic material active layer comprises a polymer acceptor (C-PNDI-T-0.05) prepared by the scheme of the invention and a selected polymer donor (C-PBDTTTPD-0.10, the structural formula is shown in figure 5) composition.
After the ITO glass is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, the ITO glass is treated by oxygen-Plasma, and PEDOT: PSS, wherein the PEDOT is poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonic acid. And then dissolving and blending the photovoltaic material active layer with trichloromethane, spin-coating and covering, respectively heating the active layer at a high temperature of 150 ℃ on a heating platform at a time interval of 1.5h, and respectively evaporating cathode calcium and aluminum metal to obtain an all-polymer solar device and testing the performance of the corresponding device. For comparison, the photovoltaic material active layer of the combination of the polymer donor and the polymer acceptor without the crosslinking group can be selected, and then the device is assembled and the corresponding device performance is tested after the photovoltaic material active layer is treated at the same time and temperature, wherein the solvent of the selected polymer composition is chloroform.
Wherein, the device performance parameters of the two types of devices changing with time at high temperature of 150 ℃ are shown in figure 6 (wherein, the solid line is the thermal stability of the device of the polymer acceptor of the invention, the dotted line is the thermal stability of the comparison device), the corresponding attenuation curves of the photoelectric conversion efficiency changing with heating time are shown in table 1 and table 2, and it can be found that the active layer of the photovoltaic material containing the polymer acceptor of the invention is crosslinked after being heated for 1.5h at 150 ℃, and the thermal stability of the corresponding device can be greatly improved.
TABLE 1 values of device performance parameters for 150 ℃ versus time at elevated temperature for devices assembled with polymer acceptor C-PNDI-T-0.05 and donor C-PBDTTTPD-0.10 compositions
TABLE 2 device performance parameter values for 150 ℃ versus time at elevated temperature for comparative devices assembled from polymer compositions without crosslinks
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, and equivalents, modifications, substitutions and variations such as will occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material, characterized in that: which is a polymer and has the general structural formula shown in formula 1:
wherein x is in the range of 0.90 to 0.99, R1,R2,R3Selected from alkyl groups of C4 to C12, D is an electron donor unit, and n represents the number of repeating units of the polymer and has a value of between 10 and 1000.
2. The crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based monopolymer solar cell acceptor material of claim 1, wherein: d in the structural formula is a thiophene unit, a selenophene unit, a bithiophene unit or a bitselenophene unit.
3. The crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based monopolymer solar cell acceptor material of claim 1, wherein: the number average molecular weight of the polymer is 10000-.
4. The method for preparing the crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based monopolymer solar cell receptor material according to claim 1, wherein: mixing a monomer A, a monomer B and a monomer C, sequentially adding a catalyst and a solvent, carrying out reflux treatment for 24-48h in a nitrogen atmosphere, cooling, adding methanol for precipitation to obtain a precipitate, washing the precipitate with methanol, acetone and n-hexane respectively, adding chloroform for dissolving, collecting a chloroform phase, adding methanol for precipitation, carrying out suction filtration and drying to obtain the cross-linkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material shown in the structural formula 1;
wherein, the monomer A has a structural general formula shown as a structural formula 2:
the monomer B has a structural general formula shown as a structural formula 3:
the monomer C is as follows: 2, 5-di (trimethyltin) thiophene, 2, 5-di (trimethyltin) selenophene, 5/Bis (trimethyltin) -2,2/Bithiophene or 5,5/Bis (trimethyltin) -2,2/-diselenophene.
5. The method for preparing the crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based monopolymer solar cell receptor material according to claim 4, wherein: the solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
6. The method for preparing the crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based monopolymer solar cell receptor material according to claim 4, wherein: the molar ratio of A to B to C of the conjugated units of the monomer A, the monomer B and the monomer C is 1:0.90-0.99: 0.01-0.10.
7. A composition for the active layer of a photovoltaic material for an all-polymer solar cell, characterized in that: the crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based all-polymer solar cell receptor material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a polymer donor C-PBDTTTPD-0.10 in a ratio of 1:1.5, wherein the polymer donor is a double bond-containing polymer donor based on benzodithiophene and thienopyrroledione, and has a general structural formula shown in structural formula 4:
the photovoltaic material active layer composition forms a cross-linked donor-acceptor interpenetrating network structure after being subjected to heat treatment for 1.5 hours at a high temperature of 150 ℃.
8. The composition for the active layer of a photovoltaic material of an all-polymer solar cell, according to claim 7, wherein: the number average molecular weight Mn of the polymer donor was 11kg/mol and PDI was 1.81.
9. Use of the crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based monopolymer solar cell acceptor material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: comprising a photovoltaic device comprising a solar cell made from the crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based monopolymer solar cell acceptor material.
10. A photovoltaic device comprising a hole-collecting layer, an electron-collecting layer and an active layer of photovoltaic material disposed between the hole-collecting layer and the electron-collecting layer, wherein: the photovoltaic material active layer comprises the crosslinkable naphthalene diimide-based monopolymer solar cell acceptor material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and is subjected to a heat treatment at 150 ℃ for 1.5 hours.
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