CN108717405B - The complementing method of the default subject of staircase design specification based on mind map - Google Patents
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Abstract
The complementing method of the present invention provides a kind of default subject of staircase design specification based on mind map.Pass through the inheritance between ontology in mind map, it can determine the subject of the incomplete subordinate clause missing of syntactic structure in complex sentence and carry out polishing, and subject-predicate-object in pivotal sentence and even meaning sentence can be extracted, can preferably to carry out natural language processing, the knowledge mapping of final building stair construction standards, realizes automatic check of drawings；The present invention has effectively evaded the uncertain factor being likely to occur during check of drawings, and false detection rate is low, easy to operate, saves manpower, greatly improves the completion efficiency of building trade engineering project.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Computer Natural Language Processing technology technical fields, and in particular to the stair based on mind map are set
Count the complementing method of the default subject of specification.
Background technique
With the development of computer science and technology, each engineering field has introduced the concept of knowledge mapping, knowledge mapping energy
Connection between the entity and entity in enough description displays world, provides a kind of ability that problem analysis is gone from the angle of relationship,
It can be realized building together, inquire, share and reusing to knowledge.At present using knowledge mapping industry field include medicine, military affairs,
Education etc..But the informatization of building trade is still in infancy, the engineering project of a building trade firstly the need of
Designing institute is planned, is designed, and is then examined designed model and drawing, is provided to unit in charge of construction and is applied
Work finally comes into operation.The construction stage can be reduced to a great extent because doing over again caused by design alteration in accurate drawing and model
Work holdup phenomenon, but due to technical shortage at this stage, in China most project be all after design by expert come into
Capable artificially check of drawings, the design specification of designed drawing and building trade is compared, this can generate false detection rate height, missing inspection
Rate is high, examines the problems such as dynamics is low, uncertain factor is more.
Summary of the invention
The complementing method of the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of default subject of staircase design specification based on mind map, solution
The problem of division statement subject is not difficult to entirely in staircase design of having determined specification.
A kind of complementing method of the default subject of staircase design specification based on mind map of the present invention, by specification Chinese
This progress polishing can preferably carry out natural language processing, and the final knowledge mapping for constructing stair construction standards is realized automatic
Check of drawings, help solve the problems, such as that false detection rate is higher when artificial check of drawings existing in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the completion side of the default subject of staircase design specification based on mind map
Method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: corpus of the specification as processing in relation to staircase design is obtained from house building design standard, and
Using the Forward Maximum Method algorithm based on dictionary to urtext segment and Statistics-Based Method to participle after
Word carry out part-of-speech tagging, obtain pretreated text.
Step 2:, will be between ontology relevant to staircase design and ontology referring to the descriptor format of stair specification in IFC standard
Relationship is combed into mind map, and constructs corresponding index tree.
Step 3: pretreated text being carried out syntax parsing using context-free grammar, is encountering pivotal sentence or company
The case where calling sentence determines the sentence pattern ingredient in sentence by searching ontology relevant to object in index tree, constructs language with this
Method tree, and whether the syntactic structure for analyzing a sentence is complete.Finally therefrom filter out the corpus of missing subject.
Step 4: by scanning in index tree, his father's knot being searched to the object ontology with imperfect sentence pattern structure
Point and to root node unique paths, father node is this default subject, in addition to father node, on this path
All nodes be subject modification attribute, after default subject is added to prototype statement, export the complete stair of Subject, Predicate and Object
Design specification.
In step 1: method used by segmenting is the Forward Maximum Method algorithm based on dictionary.Part-of-speech tagging using
Part-of-speech tagging method based on hidden Markov model.
In step 3: the position that occurs according to the part of speech of word and in sentence when carrying out syntax parsing determines it
Ingredient in sentence.
In step 3 construct syntax tree method specific step is as follows: define first context-free grammar G=N, ∑, X,
S}.Wherein N indicates the mark of one group of n omicronn-leaf child node；Σ indicates the mark of one group of leaf node, that is, forms the word of sentence；X table
Show the rule of one group of syntax, the as production of N, every rules and regulations can be expressed as X=Y1Y2...Yn, X ∈ N, Yi∈(N∪Σ)；X
In at least one production α be served as by S.And S indicates the mark that syntax tree starts.
Using bottom-up method, from character start of string to be analyzed, matching context is removed with character string to be analyzed
The right character of Grammars rule X arrow replaces with left character after successful match, and until S occurs, syntax tree has been constructed
Finish.
In step 4: using ergodic algorithm when searching father node.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of complementing method of the default subject of staircase design specification based on mind map.By between ontology in mind map
Inheritance, can determine the subject of the incomplete subordinate clause missing of syntactic structure in complex sentence and carry out polishing, and can mention
Subject-predicate-object in pivotal sentence and even meaning sentence is taken, it is final to help to facilitate natural language processing and construct knowledge mapping
Automatic check of drawings；The present invention has effectively evaded the uncertain factor being likely to occur during artificial check of drawings, and false detection rate is low, operation
Simply, manpower is saved, the completion efficiency of building trade engineering project is greatly improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the main flow of the complementing method of the default subject of staircase design specification the present invention is based on mind map；
Fig. 2 is the mind map model defined referring to IFC standard.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention is based on the complementing methods of the default subject of staircase design specification of mind map, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: corpus of the specification as processing in relation to staircase design is obtained from house building design standard, and
Urtext is segmented using the Forward Maximum Method algorithm based on dictionary, and the method based on hidden Markov model
Part-of-speech tagging is carried out to the word string after participle, obtains pretreated text.
Step 2:, will be between ontology relevant to staircase design and ontology referring to the descriptor format of stair specification in IFC standard
Relationship is combed into mind map, and constructs corresponding index tree.
Step 3: pretreated text being carried out syntax parsing using context-free grammar, is encountering pivotal sentence or company
The case where calling sentence determines the sentence pattern ingredient in sentence by searching ontology relevant to object in index tree, constructs language with this
Method tree, and whether the syntactic structure for analyzing a sentence is complete.Finally therefrom filter out the corpus of missing subject.
Step 4: by scanning in index tree, his father's knot being searched to the object ontology with imperfect sentence pattern structure
Point and to root node unique paths, father node is this default subject, in addition to father node, on this path
All nodes be subject modification attribute, after default subject is added to prototype statement, export the complete stair of Subject, Predicate and Object
Design specification.
In step 1: method used by segmenting is the Forward Maximum Method algorithm based on dictionary.Part-of-speech tagging using
Part-of-speech tagging method based on hidden Markov model.
In step 3: the position that occurs according to the part of speech of word and in sentence when carrying out syntax parsing determines it
Ingredient in sentence.
In step 3 construct syntax tree method specific step is as follows: define first context-free grammar G=N, ∑, X,
S}.Wherein N indicates the mark of one group of n omicronn-leaf child node；Σ indicates the mark of one group of leaf node, that is, forms the word of sentence；X table
Show the rule of one group of syntax, the as production of N, every rules and regulations can be expressed as X=Y1Y2...Yn, X ∈ N, Yi∈(N∪Σ)；X
In at least one production α be served as by S.And S indicates the mark that syntax tree starts.
Using bottom-up method, from character start of string to be analyzed, matching context is removed with character string to be analyzed
The right character of Grammars rule X arrow replaces with left character after successful match, and until S occurs, syntax tree has been constructed
Finish.
In step 4: using ergodic algorithm when searching father node.
Since the text of Chinese is made of word, and without apparent boundary sign between word and word, so processing text
The first step be input corpus segmented, this patent use segmenting method be the Forward Maximum Method based on dictionary
Algorithm:
A character string s is taken out first from text to be slit1, and the ontology in stair specification is formed into dictionary, and
Construct Hash table.The long maxlen of most major term according to defined in dictionary, from character string s1The left side start, take out length be not more than
The substring w of maxlen.And: search for whether w is a word in Hash table, if being a word by w output.If not one
Word then subtracts a word from by the tail portion of w, and continuation iteratively judges w whether in Hash table, until w is empty or s1For sky.
In order to determine the syntactic structure of sentence, sentence pattern ingredient must be just determined first, and the sentence pattern ingredient in Chinese is by this word
Part of speech and its ordinal position occurred in sentence determine that it makees He Chengfen in sentence.Part-of-speech tagging is using based on hidden
The method of Markov model:
The method is divided into three modules: Initialise, Induction, Back tracing the best
tagging。
Each part of speech is counted in Initialise step first and appears in the probability of corpus text beginning of the sentence, and is multiplied by part of speech
The probability for ejecting word obtains the score score an of word.Then it is calculated in Induction step with viterbi algorithm every
The score score of the word of two adjacent appearance, the initial score score equal to this part of speech multiply multiplied by the probability converted between part of speech
The probability of this word is ejected into part of speech.The part of speech value for selecting fractional value big from final score score is recorded in
In Backpointer.Backtracking from back to front is finally carried out in step Back tracing the best tagging, is obtained
The sequence string str constituted to part of speech2。
Only not can determine that whether the sentence pattern structure of this sentence is complete with part of speech, also needs through building syntax tree come into one
Step judgement.Specific step is as follows for the method for building syntax tree:
Context-free grammar shown in being defined as follows first:
(a) N indicates the mark, such as original sentence, noun phrase, verb phrase etc. of one group of n omicronn-leaf child node.
(b) Σ indicates the mark of one group of leaf node, that is, forms the word of sentence.
(c) X indicates the rule of one group of syntax, and the as production of N, every rules and regulations can be expressed as X=Y1Y2...Yn, X ∈
N, Yi∈(N∪Σ)。
(d) S indicates the mark that syntax tree starts.
Its four-tuple is defined to a specific sentence by context-free grammar, can be obtained by bottom-up derivation
To a syntax tree.If encountering pivotal sentence or even meaning sentence, with two or more noun before predicate, can not judge
When subject ingredient, need to determine the ontology that there is inheritance with object by mind map, whom to be determined in these nouns
It is subject and other nouns only make attribute, modification defines the range of subject.Sentence can be readily judged by syntax tree
The incomplete corpus of method structure, is extracted.
After the complex sentence for extracting missing subject, need to find out object from clause, and by object in mind map
Position determines the father node for having inheritance therewith.To the subject of its missing of polishing, which is input object ontology, output
There is the subject of direct inheritance as all nodes on its subject and subject to the exclusive path of root node with this object
The attribute phrase of composition, for modifying the field for limiting subject.
The attached process shown in FIG. 1 for entire completion subject.While participle, label part of speech, it will be lived referring to IFC standard
The relationship of ontology is built into mind map model in the specification of residence stair, corpus is constructed syntax tree by this model, and therefrom
The incomplete corpus of syntactic structure is filtered out, by inquiring inheritance of the ontology for making object component in mind map,
Its father node is found to decide language, and its to the exclusive path of root node be scope that modification limits this specification.
According to the algorithm of the Forward Maximum Method based on dictionary, is won from " Code for design of dwelling houses " advise 4.1.2 first
As corpus sample: " residence stairs bench span width is no less than 1.1m, when being equipped with railing on one side, no less than 1m.".
A character string to be slit is taken to be segmented from original text, at this time s1=" residence stairs bench span width is not answered small
In 1.1m, when being equipped with railing on one side, no less than 1m." according to the dictionary of construction determine maxlen be=10, s2It is initialized as
It is empty.By dictionary construction at Hash table.
From s1The left side choose length be not more than maxlen substring w=" residence stairs bench span width is not ", judge that w is
It is no for sky, be not sky, judge whether w is a word in Hash table, traverses Hash table, does not find occurrence.It will subtract on the right of w
A few word, w=" residence stairs bench span width " continue iteration.Until w is reduced at " house ", searched in Hash table at
House is added to s by function2In, s2=" house/".s1=" stair bench span width is no less than 1.1m, is equipped with railing on one side
When, no less than 1m." iteration is to s1When for sky, s is exported at this time2=" house/stair/bench/span width/do not answer/is less than/
1.1m/ ,/on one side/be equipped with/railing/when/,/not answering/is less than/1m/."
The part of speech of tagged words after participle, marks the process of part of speech as shown in algorithm 2.A part of corpus of handmarking first
Then the part of speech of collection is trained parameter with viterbi algorithm, marked automatically by machine learning to remaining corpus
Note, wherein unregistered word is smoothed, the unregistered word after mark is smoothed, correct corpus is added
It is added to and continues to train relatively reliable parameter in training set.The corpus finally exported is { noun: house } { noun: stair }
{ noun: bench } { noun: span width } { adv: does not answer } { v: less than } { num:1.1m }, { adv: one side } { v: being equipped with } noun:
Railing } adv: when, { adv: not answering } { v: less than } { num:1m }.
Relationship between the ontology in residence stairs design specification defined according to IFC standard, the thinking defined referring to this format
It is as shown in Fig. 2 to lead graph model.
Syntax tree is constructed according to the corpus of pretreatment output, wherein S indicates sentence；NP, VP, PP are noun, verb, preposition
Phrase (phrase rank)；A, V, P are adverbial word, verb, preposition respectively；Noun is noun, and Num is number.Define context-free
Grammer production is as follows:
1)S→NPVP
2)NP→NP|NounNoun|ε
3)VP→AVN|AVNA
4)A→Adv
5)V→Verb
6)N→Noun|Num
7) Noun → house | stair | bench | span width | railing
8) Adv → do not answer
9)Num→1.1m|1m
10) Verb → be less than | on one side | when | it is equipped with
The definition of X: α → β of production needs to meet following condition:
1) α can be any mark of leaf node and n omicronn-leaf child node, cannot be ε；
2) β can be any mark of leaf node and n omicronn-leaf child node, can be ε；
3) α of at least one production must be served as by S in X.
It is gone from character start of string to be analyzed with character string to be analyzed using method bottom-up, based on specification
The right character of context-free grammar rule arrow is matched, left character is replaced with after successful match, until S.
The syntax tree of building is denoted as following format:
A) [[[[Adv is or not A by VP by S [NP [NP [Noun house] [Noun stair]] [NP [Noun bench] [Noun span width]]]
Answer]] [V [Verb is less than]] [N [Num 1.1m]]]]
B) [S [NP [ε] [VP [A [Adv is on one side]] [V [Verb is equipped with]] [N [Noun railing]] [A [when Adv]]]]
C) [S [NP [ε]] [VP [A [Adv is not answered]] [V [Verb is less than]] [N [Num 1m]]]]
Syntactic structure is analyzed, by taking second clause as an example, centered on predicate, analysis subject and the adverbial modifier before predicate,
Participle object and complement after predicate can determine whether that adverbial word " one side " makees the adverbial modifier, verb " being equipped with " makees predicate, name by analysis
Word " railing " makees object, last adverbial word " when ", it represents this clause and makees the adverbial modifier in entire sentence, but this clause is not
Completely, if it is not from the context, it can not judge to be what " being equipped with railing ".
It was found that the incomplete sentence of syntactic structure has s1=" when being equipped with railing on one side ", s2=" no less than 1m ".
The process of subject is searched with s1For, node " railing " is searched first in B index tree, this node is then searched and arrives
One paths of root node: the father node for finding railing is " bench ", and the father node of " bench " is " stair ", and the father of " stair " ties
Point is " house ", and the father node of " house " is " building ".That is the subject of this clause missing is bench, by s2Supplement is completely " ladder
When being equipped with railing on one side of section ", the path to root node is the attribute for modifying subject, it may be assumed that " stair of the house of building "
" when bench is equipped with railing on one side ".Since attribute does not do ingredient in sentence pattern structure, therefore can be without polishing.
In addition to the subject of completion missing can be used the method and determine subject in the indefinite specification of sentence pattern ingredient.Example
Such as first clause " residence stairs bench span width is no less than 1.1m " of corpus sample, when constructing syntax tree, discovery is simultaneously
Subject is not lacked, but extracts triple from this specification and is so easy not as good as subject-predicate sentence, because not doing semantic analysis
Under the premise of, can not judge it is what is no less than 1.1m actually, be not easy to semantic analysis.So analyzing this sentence
Syntactic structure when obtain first determine subject.In mind map determine house, stair, bench which include span width this
Attribute can determine it is that bench does subject ingredient by traversing index tree, and residence stairs make attribute, and modification limits the range of subject.
Finally by clause, all supplement is complete are as follows: " span width of the bench of the stair of house is no less than 1.1m, bench
When being equipped with railing on one side, the span width of bench is no less than 1m.".
The successful completion staircase design specification text of absence of subject according to the method for the present invention.The purpose of the present invention is
A kind of complementing method of default subject of staircase design specification based on mind map is provided, by mending to text in specification
Together, natural language processing can be preferably carried out, the final knowledge mapping for constructing stair construction standards is realized automatic check of drawings, had
Effect has evaded the uncertain factor being likely to occur during artificial check of drawings, and false detection rate is low, easy to operate, labor-saving
Meanwhile greatly improving the completion efficiency of building trade engineering project.
Claims (4)
1. the complementing method of the default subject of staircase design specification based on mind map, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: obtaining corpus of the specification as processing in relation to staircase design from house building design standard, and use
Forward Maximum Method algorithm based on dictionary segments urtext, and based on the method for hidden Markov model to point
Word after word carries out part-of-speech tagging, obtains pretreated text；
Step 2:, will be relevant to staircase design referring to the descriptor format of staircase design specification in industrial foundation class IFC standard
Relationship is combed into mind map between body and ontology, and constructs corresponding index tree；
Step 3: pretreated text being carried out syntax parsing using context-free grammar, is encountering pivotal sentence or even meaning sentence
The case where, the sentence pattern ingredient in sentence is determined by searching ontology relevant to object in index tree, and syntax tree is constructed with this,
And whether the syntactic structure for analyzing a sentence is complete；Finally therefrom filter out the corpus of default subject；
Step 4: by scanning in index tree, its father node is searched to the object ontology with imperfect sentence pattern structure,
And object ontology, to unique paths of root node, father node is this default subject, in addition to father node, this
All nodes on path are the modification attribute of subject, after default subject is added to prototype statement, output Subject, Predicate and Object is complete
Staircase design specification.
2. the complementing method of the staircase design specification default subject according to claim 1 based on mind map, feature
It is, in the step 3: hereafter Grammars exist after carrying out syntax parsing according to the part of speech and word of word in use
The position occurred in sentence determines the ingredient in sentence.
3. the complementing method of the staircase design specification default subject according to claim 1 based on mind map, feature
Be, in the step 3 construct syntax tree method specific step is as follows: define first context-free grammar G=N, Σ,
X, S }, wherein N indicates the mark of one group of n omicronn-leaf child node；Σ indicates the mark of one group of leaf node, that is, forms the word of sentence；X
Indicate the rule of one group of syntax, the as production of N, every rule is expressed as X=Y1Y2…Yn,X∈N,Yi∈(N∪Σ)；X
In the α of at least one production served as by S；α is any mark of leaf node and n omicronn-leaf child node, and S indicates syntax tree
The mark of beginning；
Using bottom-up method, from character start of string to be analyzed, matching context-free is gone with character string to be analyzed
Matching character is replaced with left character after successful match by the character of arrow right part in grammar rule X, until S occurs, syntax tree
Building finishes.
4. the complementing method of the staircase design specification default subject according to claim 1 based on mind map, feature
It is, in the step 4: using ergodic algorithm when searching father node.
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