CN108715140B - Electronic gear shifting system adopting variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents

Electronic gear shifting system adopting variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDF

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CN108715140B
CN108715140B CN201810585064.0A CN201810585064A CN108715140B CN 108715140 B CN108715140 B CN 108715140B CN 201810585064 A CN201810585064 A CN 201810585064A CN 108715140 B CN108715140 B CN 108715140B
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CN108715140A (en
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罗玉涛
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electronic gear shifting system adopting a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor; the electronic gear shifting system comprises an a-phase winding, a b-phase winding, a c-phase winding, a variable winding switching circuit, a controller and a frequency converter; the a-phase winding, the b-phase winding and the c-phase winding comprise a first winding and a second winding; one end of the controller is connected with the variable winding switching circuit, the other end of the controller is divided into six paths, and the six paths are connected with six IGBT control ends of the frequency converter. According to the invention, the motor characteristics are switched through the change of the permanent magnet synchronous motor winding, so that the electronic gear shifting of the electric automobile is realized. The controller controls the IGBT and the winding change-over switch of the frequency converter through the opening and closing of the switch, the first winding and the second winding of each phase can work independently or in parallel, and can also work in series, so that four working modes are realized, and the electric automobile is switched to four gears.

Description

Electronic gear shifting system adopting variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electric automobile gear shifting system, in particular to an electric automobile electronic gear shifting system, and in particular relates to an electronic gear shifting system adopting a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Background
Electric vehicles have various performance requirements for their drive systems: high torque density, power density; the speed regulation range is wider, and the requirements of acceleration and high-speed cruising at low speed are met; high efficiency is maintained over a wide torque and rotational speed range; a wider constant power region; high torque required for starting and climbing; lower cost, etc. The permanent magnet synchronous motor is subjected to flux weakening speed regulation in a constant power area, and the requirement of rotating speed can be met, but energy loss can be increased in the flux weakening process, so that the motor works in a low-efficiency period. Therefore, in order to improve the working efficiency of the motor, a conventional method is to add a mechanical transmission to perform gear shifting at a proper working point. Adding a mechanical transmission increases the cost of the electric automobile, and meanwhile, the mechanical transmission is large in size and weight, occupies valuable space in the automobile, and further reduces the system efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an electronic gear shifting system adopting a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, which achieves the purpose of changing the motor characteristics by changing the winding connection mode of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and realizes the electronic gear shifting of an electric automobile; under the condition of little increase of space and cost, the electric automobile can provide large torque at low speed and has wider speed regulation range, thereby playing a role in saving energy and improving the driving mileage of the automobile.
The method for switching the variable winding control permanent magnet synchronous motor in the stator multi-winding mode is independent of the traditional method, has the advantages of greatly improving the performance of 'low-speed high-torque providing and wider speed regulation range' of the motor in the driving system for the electric automobile, playing a role in saving energy and improving the driving mileage of the vehicle.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
an electronic gear shifting system adopting a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises an a-phase winding, a b-phase winding, a c-phase winding, a variable winding switching circuit, a controller and a frequency converter; each phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is provided with two windings, and the a-phase winding comprises a first phase winding and a first phase winding; the b-phase winding comprises a second-phase first winding and a second-phase second winding; the c-phase winding comprises a third-phase first winding and a third-phase second winding; the variable winding switching circuit comprises a first winding switching switch, a second winding switching switch, a third winding switching switch, a fourth winding switching switch, a fifth winding switching switch, a sixth winding switching switch, a seventh winding switching switch, an eighth winding switching switch and a ninth winding switching switch;
each of the a-phase winding, the b-phase winding and the c-phase winding is led out of 4 wiring terminals; one end of the first phase winding is connected with one end of the second phase winding and one end of the third phase winding, one end of the first phase winding is simultaneously connected to the first winding change-over switch, and the first winding change-over switch is sequentially connected with the second winding change-over switch and the third winding change-over switch; the third winding change-over switch is connected with one end of a first phase two winding, the connecting end is connected with a first alternating current output end of the frequency converter, the other end of the first phase one winding is connected between the second winding change-over switch and the third winding change-over switch, and the other end of the first phase two winding is connected between the first winding change-over switch and the second winding change-over switch; one end of the second phase first winding is simultaneously connected to a fourth winding change-over switch, the fourth winding change-over switch is sequentially connected with a fifth winding change-over switch and a sixth winding change-over switch, the sixth winding change-over switch is connected with one end of the second phase second winding, the connecting end is connected with a second alternating current output end of the frequency converter, the other end of the second phase first winding is connected between the fifth winding change-over switch and the sixth winding change-over switch, and the other end of the second phase second winding is connected between the fourth winding change-over switch and the fifth winding change-over switch; one end of the third phase first winding is simultaneously connected to a seventh winding switch, and the seventh winding switch, the eighth winding switch and the ninth winding switch are sequentially connected; the ninth winding change-over switch is connected with one end of the third phase second winding, the connecting end is connected with the third alternating current output end of the frequency converter, the other end of the third phase first winding is connected between the eighth winding change-over switch and the ninth winding change-over switch, and the other end of the third phase second winding is connected between the seventh winding change-over switch and the eighth winding change-over switch;
one end of the controller is respectively connected with the first winding change-over switch, the second winding change-over switch, the third winding change-over switch, the fourth winding change-over switch, the fifth winding change-over switch, the sixth winding change-over switch, the seventh winding change-over switch, the eighth winding change-over switch and the ninth winding change-over switch; the other end of the controller is divided into six paths and is connected with six IGBT control ends of the frequency converter.
In order to further achieve the object of the present invention, preferably, the frequency converter is composed of a six-unit IGBT integrated module and a filter capacitor; every two IGBT integrated modules are connected in series, three groups of IGBT integrated modules are connected in parallel, and a filter capacitor is connected between the parallel ends; the AC output end is connected between the two IGBT integrated modules connected in series.
Preferably, the first, second and third ac output terminals of the frequency converter are connected to one end of the first phase secondary winding, the second phase secondary winding and the third phase secondary winding, respectively.
Preferably, the total number of turns of the a-phase winding, the b-phase winding and the c-phase winding is N, the number of turns of the first-phase winding, the second-phase winding and the third-phase winding is alpha N, and the number of turns of the first-phase winding, the second-phase winding and the third-phase winding is (1-alpha) N, and alpha is less than 0.5.
Preferably, the alpha is 0.1-0.4.
Preferably, the ratio of the number of turns of the first phase winding to the number of turns of the first phase winding, the ratio of the number of turns of the second phase winding to the number of turns of the second phase winding, and the ratio of the number of turns of the third phase winding to the number of turns of the third phase winding are fixed.
Preferably, the ratio of the number of turns of the first phase winding to the number of turns of the first phase winding, the ratio of the number of turns of the second phase winding to the number of turns of the second phase winding, and the ratio of the number of turns of the third phase winding to the number of turns of the third phase winding are varied.
Preferably, the first winding switch, the second winding switch, the third winding switch, the fourth winding switch, the fifth winding switch, the sixth winding switch, the seventh winding switch, the eighth winding switch and the ninth winding switch are electromagnetic relays or solid-state relays. The winding change-over switch can realize on-off of alternating current, and can be an electromagnetic relay, a solid-state relay and other switching devices capable of realizing bidirectional on-off according to gear change-over time.
After the connection mode of the windings is changed, the permanent magnet synchronous motor has different working characteristics, the working characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can meet different rotating speeds and torque requirements of the electric automobile, and the electronic gear shifting of the electric automobile is carried out by switching the working modes of the windings of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. Specifically, each phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is provided with a first winding and a second winding, 4 wiring terminals are led out of each phase of the first winding and the second winding, winding switching is performed through a variable winding switching circuit, three phases after switching are connected to three-phase output terminals of a frequency converter, and a controller controls a switch of the variable winding switching circuit and an IGBT of the frequency converter. The winding change-over switch is controlled by the controller, and the winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor has four working modes: the two windings work independently, the one winding works independently, the two windings and the one winding work in parallel, the two windings and the one winding work in series, and the switching of different gears is realized by switching different working modes of the windings. According to the electronic gear shifting system adopting the variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, the working characteristics of the motor are changed by adopting the variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the working point of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be adjusted without additionally adding a mechanical transmission.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the maximum torque and the number of turns in series of the permanent magnet synchronous motor have the following relation:
Figure BDA0001689296080000041
wherein T is max For maximum electromagnetic torque, B δ1 Is the amplitude of the air gap flux density fundamental wave, L ef Calculate length for armature, D i1 Is the inner diameter of the stator, m is the phase number, p is the pole pair number, K dp For the winding factor, N is the number of turns in series per phase of the armature winding, τ 1 For polar distance, I 1 Is the stator phase current.
Equation (1) shows that under the condition that other parameters of the motor are unchanged, the larger the number of turns of the motor connected in series, the larger the maximum torque the motor can provide; with the same torque provided, the current required to provide the same torque is correspondingly reduced and the capacity of the required frequency converter is reduced after the number of series turns is increased.
The counter electromotive force and the series turn number of the permanent magnet synchronous motor have the following relation:
Figure BDA0001689296080000042
wherein E is 0 For no-load back emf, n is the nominal rotational speed,Φ δ0 no-load main magnetic flux, K Φ Is the air gap coefficient, p is the pole pair number, K dp N is the number of turns in series per phase of the armature winding for the winding factor.
Equation (2) shows that under the condition that other parameters of the motor are unchanged, the larger the number of series turns of the motor is, the larger the counter electromotive force of the motor is, the number of turns is reduced, and the counter electromotive force can be reduced. Typically, the dc bus voltage of the motor inverter is provided by a battery pack, the value of which is generally kept stable, and the maximum back emf of the motor is limited by the dc bus voltage. Under the condition that the maximum back electromotive force is unchanged, the number of turns in series connection is reduced, the back electromotive force can be reduced, and therefore the turning speed of the motor is improved. In addition, as can be seen in the formula (2), the counter electromotive force of the motor is related to the no-load main magnetic flux, and the counter electromotive force can be reduced by reducing the no-load main magnetic flux, so that the turning speed is improved, namely, the no-load main magnetic flux is reduced by additionally adopting the weak magnetic current, but additional current is needed for weak magnetic. The number of turns of the motor connected in series is reduced, weak magnetism can be reduced or not adopted, so that current is reduced, and the capacity of the frequency converter can be reduced.
In a low-speed region of the electric automobile, a mode of connecting two windings in series is adopted, the number of turns of the windings is increased, and the motor can output larger torque under the condition of unchanged current; in a high-speed interval, windings are connected in parallel, the equivalent turns of the windings of the motor are reduced, the counter electromotive force of the motor is reduced, the turning speed of the motor is improved, and the maximum phase current of the motor can be reduced in a mode of reducing or not using weak magnetism, so that the capacity limit of the frequency converter is reduced.
Assuming that the total number of turns of each phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is N, the number of turns of a first winding is alpha N, the number of turns of a second winding is (1-alpha) N, and the system can switch four gears, as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
K 1 、K 4 、K 7 K 2 、K 5 、K 8 K 3 、K 6 、K 9 Winding connection mode
M 1 × ○ × Series connection of
M 2 ○ × × Two-winding
M 3 × × ○ One winding
M 4 ○ × ○ Parallel connection
(1) The first winding and the second winding work in series. In this gear, the controller controls the first winding switch 2, the fourth winding switch 7, and the seventh winding switch 12 to be turned off, the second winding switch 3, the fifth winding switch 8, and the eighth winding switch 13 to be turned on, and the third winding switch 5, the sixth winding switch 10, and the ninth winding switch 15 to be turned off, at this time, the first winding and the second winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are operated in series. When the electric vehicle runs in series, if the current is kept unchanged, the motor torque is increased due to the increase of the number of turns of each phase of the winding in series, and the low-speed climbing and starting acceleration capability of the electric vehicle can be well improved.
(2) The two windings work independently. In this gear, the controller controls the first winding switch 2, the fourth winding switch 7, the seventh winding switch 12 to be closed, the second winding switch 3, the fifth winding switch 8, the eighth winding switch 13, the third winding switch 5, the sixth winding switch 10, and the ninth winding switch 15 to be opened, and at this time, the permanent magnet synchronous motor adopts two windings to work independently.
(3) One winding is independent of the working gear. In this gear, the controller controls the first winding switch 2, the fourth winding switch 7, the seventh winding switch 12, the second winding switch 3, the fifth winding switch 8, and the eighth winding switch 13 to be opened, and the third winding switch 5, the sixth winding switch 10, and the ninth winding switch 15 to be closed, and at this time, the permanent magnet synchronous motor adopts a winding to independently operate.
(4) The first winding and the second winding work in parallel. In this gear, the controller controls the first winding switch 2, the fourth winding switch 7 and the seventh winding switch 12 to be closed, the second winding switch 3, the fifth winding switch 8 and the eighth winding switch 13 to be opened, and the third winding switch 5, the sixth winding switch 10 and the ninth winding switch 15 to be closed, at this time, the first winding and the second winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are connected in parallel. When the windings are in parallel operation, the equivalent turns are less, the counter electromotive force is low, the turning rotating speed is high, the motor can operate at a high speed, and the requirement on the weak magnetic speed expansion capability of the motor is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) By adopting the electronic gear shifting method, a mechanical transmission is not required, the volume of the system is reduced, the weight is reduced, the cost is saved, and the system efficiency is improved.
(2) By switching the windings of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the working characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are changed, the running performance of the motor is optimized, the purpose of expanding the rotating speed range is achieved, and the ideal characteristics of the electric automobile driving motor can be met.
(3) By adopting different windings in different intervals, the current can be reduced, and thus the capacity limit of the frequency converter is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic gear shifting system employing a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a characteristic diagram of each gear motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, an electronic gear shifting system adopting a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor is applied to an electric driving system of an electric automobile, and the output characteristic of the motor can be changed through switching of the winding connection mode of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, so that the purpose of gear shifting is achieved.
An electronic gear shifting system adopting a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises an a-phase winding, a b-phase winding, a c-phase winding, a variable winding switching circuit, a controller 16 and a frequency converter 17; each phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is provided with two windings, and the a-phase winding comprises a first phase winding 1 and a first phase winding 4; the b-phase winding comprises a second-phase first winding 6 and a second-phase second winding 9; the c-phase winding comprises a third-phase first winding 11 and a third-phase second winding 14; the variable winding switching circuit comprises a first winding switching switch 2, a second winding switching switch 3, a third winding switching switch 5, a fourth winding switching switch 7, a fifth winding switching switch 8, a sixth winding switching switch 10, a seventh winding switching switch 12, an eighth winding switching switch 13 and a ninth winding switching switch 15;
each of the a-phase winding, the b-phase winding and the c-phase winding is led out of 4 wiring terminals; wherein one end a of the first phase-winding 1 1 With one end a of the second phase first winding 6 5 One end a of the third phase primary winding 11 9 Connected together, one end a of the first phase one winding 1 1 The first winding change-over switch 2 is connected with the second winding change-over switch 3 and the third winding change-over switch 5 in sequence; the third winding change-over switch 5 and one end a of the first phase two winding 4 4 A connection end is connected with a first alternating current output end of the frequency converter, and the other end a of the first phase one winding 1 2 Connected between the second winding switch 3 and the third winding switch 5, the other end a of the first phase two winding 4 3 Is connected between the first winding change-over switch 2 and the second winding change-over switch 3; one end a of the second phase first winding 6 5 Simultaneously connected to the fourth winding switch 7, the fourth winding switch 7 is sequentially connected with the fifth winding switch 8 and the sixth winding switch 10, and the sixth winding switch 10 is sequentially connected with one end a of the second phase second winding 8 A connection end is connected with a second alternating current output end of the frequency converter, and the other end a of the second phase first winding 6 6 Connected between the fifth winding switch 8 and the sixth winding switch 10, the other end a of the second phase second winding 9 7 Is connected between the fourth winding change-over switch 7 and the fifth winding change-over switch 8; one end a of the third phase primary winding 11 9 Simultaneously connected to the seventh winding switch 12, the eighth winding switch 13 and the ninth winding switch 15 are sequentially connected; a ninth winding change-over switch 15 and one end a of the third phase secondary winding 12 A connection end is connected with a third alternating current output end of the frequency converter, and the other end a of the third phase primary winding 11 10 Is connected between the eighth winding change-over switch 13 and the ninth winding change-over switch 15, and the other end a of the third phase secondary winding 14 11 Is connected between the seventh winding changeover switch 12 and the eighth winding changeover switch 13.
Controller 16One end of the switch is respectively connected with the first winding switch 2, the second winding switch 3, the third winding switch 5, the fourth winding switch 7, the fifth winding switch 8, the sixth winding switch 10, the seventh winding switch 12, the eighth winding switch 13, the ninth winding switch 15 and the IGBT of the frequency converter 17, and controls the switching of each winding; the other end of the controller 16 is divided into six paths and is connected with six IGBT control ends of the frequency converter 17. The frequency converter 17 consists of a six-unit IGBT integrated module and a filter capacitor; every two IGBT integrated modules are connected in series, three groups of IGBT integrated modules are connected in parallel, and a filter capacitor is connected between the parallel ends; the AC output end is connected between the two IGBT integrated modules connected in series. In particular the first, second and third ac outputs u, v and w of the frequency converter 17 are connected to one end a of the first phase two winding 4, respectively 4 One end a of the second phase secondary winding 8 And one end a of the third phase secondary winding 12 And (5) connection. The three phases of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are connected to the frequency converter and connected to the direct current bus after passing through the filter capacitor.
The total number of turns of each phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is N, the number of turns of the first phase winding 1, the second phase winding 6 and the third phase winding 11 are all alpha N, the number of turns of the first phase winding 4, the second phase winding 9 and the third phase winding 14 are all (1-alpha) N, alpha is less than 0.5, and the number of turns of equivalent windings in different gears is as follows: the series connection > the two windings > the one winding > the parallel connection is specifically described as follows.
When the first winding and the second winding are in series connection, the controller 16 controls the first winding switch 2, the fourth winding switch 7 and the seventh winding switch 12 to be opened, the second winding switch 3, the fifth winding switch 8 and the eighth winding switch 13 to be closed, and the third winding switch 5, the sixth winding switch 10 and the ninth winding switch 15 to be opened, at this time, the first phase first winding 1 and the first phase second winding 4 of the a-phase winding and the second phase first winding 6 and the second phase second winding 9 of the b-phase winding and the third phase first winding 11 and the third phase second winding 14 of the c-phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are in series connection. When the electric vehicle runs in series, if the current is kept unchanged, the motor torque is increased due to the increase of the number of turns of each phase of the winding in series, and the low-speed climbing and starting acceleration capability of the electric vehicle can be well improved.
When the two windings independently work, the controller 16 controls the first winding switch 2, the fourth winding switch 7 and the seventh winding switch 12 to be closed, and the second winding switch 3, the fifth winding switch 8, the eighth winding switch 13, the third winding switch 5, the sixth winding switch 10 and the ninth winding switch 15 to be opened, so that the two windings of the permanent magnet synchronous motor independently work, namely the first phase two winding 4, the second phase two winding 9 and the third phase two winding 14 independently work.
When the first winding is independently operated, the controller 16 controls the first winding switch 2, the fourth winding switch 7, the seventh winding switch 12, the second winding switch 3, the fifth winding switch 8 and the eighth winding switch 13 to be opened, and the third winding switch 5, the sixth winding switch 10 and the ninth winding switch 15 to be closed, so that the permanent magnet synchronous motor is independently operated, i.e. the first phase first winding 1, the second phase first winding 6 and the third phase first winding 11 are independently operated.
When the first winding and the second winding are in parallel connection, the controller 16 controls the first winding switch 2, the fourth winding switch 7 and the seventh winding switch 12 to be closed, the second winding switch 3, the fifth winding switch 8 and the eighth winding switch 13 to be opened, and the third winding switch 5, the sixth winding switch 10 and the ninth winding switch 15 to be closed, at this time, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is in parallel connection with the first winding and the second winding, namely, the first phase first winding 1 and the first phase second winding 4 of the a-phase winding, the second phase first winding 6 and the second phase second winding 9 of the b-phase winding, and the third phase first winding 11 and the third phase second winding 14 of the c-phase winding. When the windings are in parallel operation, the equivalent turns are less, the counter electromotive force is low, the turning rotating speed is high, the motor can operate at a high speed, and the requirement on the weak magnetic speed expansion capability of the motor is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, when the gear M1 is shifted, the first phase winding 1 and the first phase winding 4 of the a-phase winding are in series connection, the second phase winding 6 and the second phase winding 9 of the b-phase winding are in series connection, the third phase winding 11 and the third phase winding 14 of the c-phase winding are in series connection, the number of winding turns is increased, the motor can output larger torque under the condition of unchanged current, the permanent magnet synchronous motor operates according to the characteristic shown by a curve 21 in fig. 2, and the automobile operates in a low-speed interval; when the gear M2 is shifted, the first phase secondary winding 4, the second phase secondary winding 9 and the third phase secondary winding 14 work independently, the permanent magnet synchronous motor operates according to the characteristic shown by a curve 22 in fig. 2, and the automobile operates in a middle-low speed interval; when the M3 gear is shifted, the first phase first winding 1, the second phase first winding 6 and the third phase first winding 11 work independently, the permanent magnet synchronous motor operates according to the characteristic shown by a curve 23 in FIG. 2, and the automobile operates in a middle-high speed section; when the gear is shifted into the M4 gear, the first phase winding 1 and the first phase winding 4 of the a-phase winding are in parallel connection, the second phase winding 6 and the second phase winding 9 of the b-phase winding are in parallel connection, the third phase winding 11 and the third phase winding 14 of the c-phase winding are in parallel connection, the equivalent turns of the motor winding are reduced, the permanent magnet synchronous motor operates according to the characteristic shown by a curve 24 in fig. 2, and the automobile operates in a high-speed interval.
The rotating speed of the motor is 0 to n 1 Within the range, the permanent magnet synchronous motor operates according to a characteristic curve 21 corresponding to the M1 gear. The motor speed is n 1 ～n 2 When the range is within, the permanent magnet synchronous motor can operate according to the characteristic curve 22 corresponding to the M2 gear, the permanent magnet synchronous motor does not perform weak magnetism, and the electric automobile operates in an economic operation mode; when the torque demand of the automobile is large, the electric automobile can also be in a down shift operation, and the electric automobile can be operated according to the characteristic curve 23 corresponding to the M1 gear, and the electric automobile can be operated in a power mode by providing larger torque through weak magnetism on the M1 gear. The motor speed is n 2 ～n 3 When the range is within, the permanent magnet synchronous motor runs according to the characteristic curve 24 corresponding to the M3 gear, the permanent magnet synchronous motor does not perform weak magnetism, and the electric automobile runs in an economic running mode; when the torque demand of the automobile is large, the electric automobile can also be in a down shift operation, and the electric automobile can be operated according to a characteristic curve 25 corresponding to the M2 gear, and provides larger torque through weak magnetism on the M2 gear, and the electric automobile is operated in a power mode. The motor speed is n 3 ～n 4 When the range is in, the permanent magnet synchronous motor corresponds to the M4 gearThe characteristic curve 26 of the (2) is operated, the permanent magnet synchronous motor does not perform field weakening, and the electric automobile is operated in an economic operation mode; when the torque demand of the automobile is large, the electric automobile can also be in a down shift operation, and the electric automobile can be operated according to a characteristic curve 27 corresponding to the M3 gear, and the electric automobile can be operated in a power mode by providing larger torque through weak magnetism on the M3 gear. The rotating speed of the motor is greater than n 3 When the motor speed is greater than n, the electric automobile runs according to the characteristic curve 26 corresponding to the M4 gear 4 When the motor performs field weakening control, the rotating speed can be further improved.
By properly designing winding parameters and magnetic circuits of the first phase first winding 1, the first phase second winding 4, the second phase first winding 6, the second phase second winding 9, the third phase first winding 11 and the third phase second winding 14 of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in fig. 1, better performance of each gear in different rotating speed ranges can be achieved.
Compared with the traditional mechanical gear shifting system, the invention has the advantages that as the mechanical speed changer is not used, the volume of the system is reduced, the weight is lightened, the cost is saved, and the system efficiency is improved; compared with a direct-drive motor system without a mechanical transmission, the electronic gear shifting device can adjust the working characteristics of the motor according to the speed and torque requirements of the electric automobile, so that the motor can operate in a high-efficiency zone, and meanwhile, different windings are adopted in different zones, so that the current can be reduced, and the capacity limit of the frequency converter is reduced.

Claims (5)

1. An electronic gear shifting system adopting a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor is characterized by comprising an a-phase winding, a b-phase winding, a c-phase winding, a variable winding switching circuit, a controller and a frequency converter; each phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is provided with two windings, and the a-phase winding comprises a first phase winding and a first phase winding; the b-phase winding comprises a second-phase first winding and a second-phase second winding; the c-phase winding comprises a third-phase first winding and a third-phase second winding; the variable winding switching circuit comprises a first winding switching switch, a second winding switching switch, a third winding switching switch, a fourth winding switching switch, a fifth winding switching switch, a sixth winding switching switch, a seventh winding switching switch, an eighth winding switching switch and a ninth winding switching switch;
each of the a-phase winding, the b-phase winding and the c-phase winding is led out of 4 wiring terminals; one end of the first phase winding is connected with one end of the second phase winding and one end of the third phase winding, one end of the first phase winding is simultaneously connected to the first winding change-over switch, and the first winding change-over switch is sequentially connected with the second winding change-over switch and the third winding change-over switch; the third winding change-over switch is connected with one end of a first phase two winding, the connecting end is connected with a first alternating current output end of the frequency converter, the other end of the first phase one winding is connected between the second winding change-over switch and the third winding change-over switch, and the other end of the first phase two winding is connected between the first winding change-over switch and the second winding change-over switch; one end of the second phase first winding is simultaneously connected to a fourth winding change-over switch, the fourth winding change-over switch is sequentially connected with a fifth winding change-over switch and a sixth winding change-over switch, the sixth winding change-over switch is connected with one end of the second phase second winding, the connecting end is connected with a second alternating current output end of the frequency converter, the other end of the second phase first winding is connected between the fifth winding change-over switch and the sixth winding change-over switch, and the other end of the second phase second winding is connected between the fourth winding change-over switch and the fifth winding change-over switch; one end of the third phase first winding is simultaneously connected to a seventh winding switch, and the seventh winding switch, the eighth winding switch and the ninth winding switch are sequentially connected; the ninth winding change-over switch is connected with one end of the third phase second winding, the connecting end is connected with the third alternating current output end of the frequency converter, the other end of the third phase first winding is connected between the eighth winding change-over switch and the ninth winding change-over switch, and the other end of the third phase second winding is connected between the seventh winding change-over switch and the eighth winding change-over switch;
one end of the controller is respectively connected with the first winding change-over switch, the second winding change-over switch, the third winding change-over switch, the fourth winding change-over switch, the fifth winding change-over switch, the sixth winding change-over switch, the seventh winding change-over switch, the eighth winding change-over switch and the ninth winding change-over switch; the other end of the controller is divided into six paths and is connected with six IGBT control ends of the frequency converter;
the frequency converter consists of a six-unit IGBT integrated module and a filter capacitor; every two IGBT integrated modules are connected in series, three groups of IGBT integrated modules are connected in parallel, and a filter capacitor is connected between the parallel ends; an AC output end is connected between the two IGBT integrated modules connected in series;
the first, second and third alternating current output ends of the frequency converter are respectively connected with one ends of the first phase secondary winding, the second phase secondary winding and the third phase secondary winding;
the total turns of the a-phase winding, the b-phase winding and the c-phase winding are as followsNThe turns of the first phase first winding, the second phase first winding and the third phase first winding are allαNThe number of turns of the first phase secondary winding, the second phase secondary winding and the third phase secondary winding is (1-α）N，α<0.5。
2. An electronic gear shifting system employing a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the gear shifting system comprisesα0.1-0.4.
3. The electronic gear shifting system using a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the number of turns of the first phase winding to the first phase winding of the a-phase winding, the ratio of the number of turns of the second phase winding to the second phase winding of the b-phase winding, and the ratio of the number of turns of the third phase winding to the third phase winding of the c-phase winding are fixed.
4. The electronic gear shifting system using a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the number of turns of the first phase winding to the first phase winding of the a-phase winding, the ratio of the number of turns of the second phase winding to the second phase winding of the b-phase winding, and the ratio of the number of turns of the third phase winding to the third phase winding of the c-phase winding are varied.
5. The electronic gear shifting system using a variable winding permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the first winding switch, the second winding switch, the third winding switch, the fourth winding switch, the fifth winding switch, the sixth winding switch, the seventh winding switch, the eighth winding switch and the ninth winding switch are electromagnetic relays or solid state relays.
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