CN108711866B - Reactive voltage control system for new energy power station - Google Patents

Reactive voltage control system for new energy power station Download PDF

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CN108711866B
CN108711866B CN201810316010.4A CN201810316010A CN108711866B CN 108711866 B CN108711866 B CN 108711866B CN 201810316010 A CN201810316010 A CN 201810316010A CN 108711866 B CN108711866 B CN 108711866B
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voltage
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new energy
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CN108711866A (en
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夏友斌
苏志朋
宋铭敏
潘文虎
沈新村
俞鹏
凤飞
周启扬
王鹏
赵倩
徐涛
黄进
肖雅
杜力
夏颖
白天宇
凌晓斌
尹元亚
杨晓娟
陈彦斌
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Wuhu Power Supply Co of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Wuhu Power Supply Co of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H02J3/382
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/003Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation

Abstract

The invention discloses a control system for reactive voltage of a new energy power station, which is characterized in that: the control system comprises a prediction model, a typical scene set model and an MPC optimization control model; and meanwhile, predicting a bus voltage value and a transformer substation load by using an autoregressive moving average method, generating a discretized scene for the predicted value through Latin hypercube sampling, acquiring a typical scene set by using a K-means clustering algorithm, establishing an optimal control model with an objective function being the minimum value of the internal network loss and the voltage offset in a future time window, and solving by using a second-order cone programming method. By adopting the method, the reactive power output can be reasonably arranged, the voltage stability is maintained, and the regional network loss is reduced.

Description

Reactive voltage control system for new energy power station
Technical Field
The invention relates to reactive power optimization of a power grid area, in particular to a control system for reactive voltage of a new energy power station.
Background
With the large-scale access of wind power plants and photovoltaic power stations, new problems are brought to the safe and reliable operation of the power grid. Because the new energy power station has the characteristics of intermittence and randomness, the problem of how to effectively cope with the fluctuation of the voltage of the grid-connected point of the power station is increasingly prominent because the new energy power station is greatly influenced by uncertain environmental factors such as wind speed, illumination and the like. Secondly, the aim of reactive power optimization of the traditional power grid is to balance locally, reactive power is not allowed to be sent to the transmission line between the power plant and the power grid, reactive power flow is reduced as much as possible, and therefore the problem of how to coordinate reactive power compensation of the two is also increasingly important.
Compared with the traditional voltage regulation measures of regulating main transformer tap-off joints, switching capacitors and the like, the new energy power station is provided with the static reactive power compensator or the static reactive power generator for coping with the fluctuation of the grid-connected point voltage, and the two devices can continuously and smoothly output reactive power. In addition, the generator set of the new energy power station also has a certain reactive power regulation measure. At present, a double-fed induction wind turbine generator is mainly adopted as a domestic wind turbine generator, and reactive power can be emitted or absorbed within a certain range by the double-fed induction wind turbine generator. The intelligent inverter in the photovoltaic power station can still keep 0.9 power factor grid connection under the condition of rated active output.
Therefore, how to coordinate and control the reactive compensation measures in the power grid and the power station, ensure the voltage stability of the grid-connected point, and reduce the transmission loss at the same time is a key for the voltage reactive control of the new energy power station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a control system for reactive voltage of a new energy power station, which ensures voltage stability of grid-connected points and reduces transmission loss.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is that a control system for reactive voltage of a new energy power station is characterized in that: the control system comprises a prediction model, a typical scene set model and an MPC optimization control model; and meanwhile, predicting a bus voltage value and a transformer substation load by using an autoregressive moving average method, generating a discretized scene for the predicted value through Latin hypercube sampling, acquiring a typical scene set by using a K-means clustering algorithm, establishing an optimal control model with an objective function being the minimum value of the internal network loss and the voltage offset in a future time window, and solving by using a second-order cone programming method.
The prediction model of the control system comprises a wind power/photovoltaic power prediction part and a load/bus voltage prediction part, wherein the wind power/photovoltaic power prediction error is fitted by adopting beta distribution, and the load/bus voltage is predicted by adopting an autoregressive moving average method.
A typical scene set model of the control system firstly generates a discretized scene by pulling Ding Chao cubic samples of predicted values of new energy output, bus voltage and transformer substation load in an electric island, and then acquires a typical scene set by using a K-means clustering algorithm.
And establishing an optimal control model with the minimum target function of the network loss value and the voltage offset value in a future time window by using the MPC optimal control model of the control system, and solving by adopting a second-order cone planning method.
In the wind power/photovoltaic power prediction, when the wind power predicted value is P t pred When the probability density function of the unit output active value x is:
Figure BDA0001623795600000021
Figure BDA0001623795600000022
where B (α, β) is the beta function, α and β are morphological parameters of the beta distribution, their values are the expected μ and variance σ of the beta distribution 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001623795600000023
Figure BDA0001623795600000024
the beta distribution form parameters alpha and beta are obtained, and then a probability density function of wind power prediction error distribution can be obtained;
the output power of the photovoltaic array in the optical power prediction also obeys the beta distribution, and the probability density formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001623795600000031
wherein Γ is Gamma function, alpha and beta are morphological parameters of beta distribution, p max Maximum output power for the photovoltaic array; the wind power prediction distribution and the light power prediction distribution are equally divided from beta distribution, and the wind power prediction model and the light power prediction model are unified.
The generation of the typical scene set firstly carries out a large number of samples on random variables distributed according to a certain probability to obtain a scene data set reflecting the characteristics of the random variables, namely discretizing a continuous probability model, and then carrying out reduced clustering on the scenes to obtain the typical scene set so as to realize the purpose of representing the characteristics of the original scene by fewer scenes.
The control system aims at the objective function of the new energy power station voltage optimization control:
Figure BDA0001623795600000032
Figure BDA0001623795600000033
Figure BDA0001623795600000034
wherein ρ is s Is scene w s The corresponding probabilities; p (P) t (w s ) Is the electrical island at t pre Predicting active loss at time t in the period; v (V) t (w s ) Is the bus voltage at t pre A deviation value at time t in the prediction period; alpha and beta are weight coefficients. P (P) i.t (w s )、Q i.t (w s )、V i.t (w s ) Respectively t pre Existence of i node at t time in prediction periodPower, reactive power, voltage value; v (V) i.s Is the voltage set point of the i-node.
The control system incorporates reactive power that can be output by the DFIG into an optimal control, wherein the reactive power ranges:
Figure BDA0001623795600000035
Figure BDA0001623795600000036
wherein P is s An active value for the stator; u (U) s Is the stator side terminal voltage; x is X s Is stator side leakage reactance; x is X m Is an excitation reactance; i Imax For the maximum current value of the rotor converter.
The MPC optimization control model comprises discrete and continuous variables such as capacitor switching, gear adjustment, new energy output, SVC reactive compensation and the like, and adopts second-order cone relaxation planning to relax the saliency of a tide equation.
By adopting the method, the reactive power output can be reasonably arranged, the voltage stability is maintained, and the regional network loss is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description;
FIG. 1 is a grid-connected structure diagram of a new energy power station in a control system for reactive voltage of the new energy power station;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical scenario set in a control system for reactive voltage of a new energy power station according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention applies the model predictive control theory to the voltage reactive power control of the new energy power station, utilizes the ultra-short-term power predictive value of the new energy power station, simplifies the power grid structure model and realizes the optimal control of the voltage reactive power. At present, a wind power station in China is mainly connected to a power grid through 110kV and above buses, the structure of the wind power station is shown in figure 1, a wind turbine generator is connected to a 35kV bus in the station, and then the wind power station is connected to the power grid through a booster station. Medium-sized and above photovoltaic power stations need to be connected to a power grid through 10kV and above buses, and the structure of the medium-sized and above photovoltaic power stations is shown in figure 1. It is worth noting that the low-voltage class photovoltaic power station may not have a booster station, the in-station collecting bus is directly connected to the power grid, and the structure can be also included in the research scope of the invention, and only partial voltage regulation measures are absent.
According to the invention, the new energy power station and the power grid access side transformer substation are used as an area to carry out optimization control. Because of the wide reference of the AVC system in the power grid, the bus voltage fluctuation in the system is small, the high-voltage bus of the power grid side substation can be regarded as an infinite voltage source, and the bus voltage value can be predicted according to the historical value by utilizing an autoregressive moving average method (auto regression moving average, ARMA). The load output by the station is treated the same. The predicted value of the new energy power station can be obtained through an in-station power system.
The predicted value and the actual value of the system have certain deviation, firstly, the uncertainty analysis is performed, then, the simplified double-end power supply network model is combined to perform optimization with the minimum network loss as an objective function, and further, the voltage reactive power control is realized.
If the wind power prediction error has certain kurtosis and skewness, and the error generated by describing the wind power prediction error by normal distribution is larger, the beta distribution is adopted to fit the wind power prediction error. When the wind power predicted value is P t pred When the unit outputs the probability density function with the active value x as follows:
Figure BDA0001623795600000051
Figure BDA0001623795600000052
where B (α, β) is the beta function, α and β are morphological parameters of the beta distribution, their values are the expected μ and variance σ of the beta distribution 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001623795600000053
Figure BDA0001623795600000054
the beta distribution form parameters alpha and beta can be obtained through the two formulas, and then the probability density function of wind power prediction error distribution can be obtained.
The illumination intensity approximately obeys the beta distribution in the hour period, and the output power of the photovoltaic array also obeys the beta distribution by considering that the output power of the photovoltaic array is in linear relation with the area of the photovoltaic array and the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the probability density formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001623795600000055
wherein Γ is Gamma function, alpha and beta are morphological parameters of beta distribution, p max Maximum output power for the photovoltaic array.
The wind power prediction distribution and the light power prediction distribution are equally divided from the beta distribution, so that the wind power prediction model and the light power prediction model can be unified.
According to the invention, a high-voltage side bus in a transformer substation is connected with a new energy power station to be equivalent to an infinite power supply, although the bus voltage value fluctuates slightly in a short period, and the accuracy of optimal control is considered, and an autoregressive moving average model is adopted to predict the bus voltage value:
Figure BDA0001623795600000061
wherein U (t) i ) Is t i Predicted value of time, U (t i-k ) Is t i-k The historical measure of time, ε (t), is the prediction error at time t, p and q are the model autoregressive order and moving average order, respectively,
Figure BDA0001623795600000062
and θ is the coefficient to be solved.
The autoregressive moving average model requires that the time series must be smooth, so that a stationarity check of the historical values is required before prediction, and the autoregressive order, moving average order, and coefficients to be solved of the model are recalculated before each optimization procedure. The load values in the substation are also predicted according to the 6 autoregressive moving average model.
The power prediction model and the bus load prediction model of the new energy power station are obtained, probability density functions of the power prediction model and the bus load prediction model are continuous, and if the power prediction model and the bus load prediction model are directly used for voltage reactive power optimization control, calculation time and complexity are greatly increased, so that the power prediction model and the bus load prediction model are not suitable for field application. The adoption of the representative typical scene set capable of reflecting the probability distribution characteristics of the original data can effectively improve the calculation efficiency, reduce the calculation amount and ensure the optimization accuracy.
The generation of a typical scene set firstly carries out a large number of samples on random variables distributed according to a certain probability to obtain a scene data set reflecting the characteristics of the random variables, namely discretizing a continuous probability model, such as the dots in fig. 2, namely the dispersion of the original predicted value at each time point, and each dot corresponds to the probability that the occurrence is possible. However, the number of the scene sets obtained in this step is still huge, the number is more than 10000, the calculation is not facilitated, the scenes are required to be subjected to reduced clustering to obtain a typical scene set, the fact that fewer scenes are used for representing the features of the original scenes is achieved, and the black center dots in fig. 2 are obtained.
The Latin hypercube sampling (latin hypercube sampling, LHS) method is employed herein for each prediction interval t pred Sampling the new energy power predicted value and the voltage load predicted value for N times to obtain w i (i=1, 2, …, N) scenes, each scene corresponding to a probability ρ i (i=1, 2, …, N). This way the original input distribution can be characterized by a limited number of samples.
The K-means clustering algorithm is one of the unsupervised learning algorithms, and divides an original data set into K classes according to the characteristics of data, wherein each class at least comprises one data, and the data in the classes have similar characteristics and attributes. And carrying out cluster analysis on the N scenes obtained by sampling to obtain K classes, and obtaining K typical scene sets, wherein the calculation process is as follows:
1) Normalizing the predicted value in the scene according to the following formula, and mapping the value into a [0,1] interval;
Figure BDA0001623795600000071
2) Randomly selecting K initial clustering centers;
3) The Euclidean distance from each scene to the initial clustering center is calculated according to the following formula, and the scenes are divided into classes closest to each other;
Figure BDA0001623795600000072
4) Recalculating the arithmetic mean of the scenes in the classification of 2) as a new center of the class;
5) Repeating the step 2) until the clustering result is not changed.
The invention aims to ensure that the bus voltage in an electric island formed by a new energy power station and a transformer substation is within a reasonable range on the basis of obtaining K typical scene sets, and simultaneously reduces the network loss of the electric island, and the specific objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0001623795600000073
Figure BDA0001623795600000074
Figure BDA0001623795600000075
wherein ρ is s Is scene w s The corresponding probabilities; p (P) t (w s ) Is the electrical island at t pre Predicting active loss at time t in the period; v (V) t (w s ) Is the bus voltage at t pre A deviation value at time t in the prediction period; alpha and beta are weight coefficients. P (P) i.t (w s )、Q i.t (w s )、V i.t (w s ) Respectively t pre Predicting the active, reactive and voltage values of the inode at the moment t in the period; v (V) i.s Is the voltage set point of the i-node.
The optimization scope of the invention is a double-ended power supply network as shown in fig. 1, and the constraint condition of the equation and the constraint condition of the inequality are as follows:
Figure BDA0001623795600000081
Figure BDA0001623795600000082
Figure BDA0001623795600000083
P i.t =P i-1.t -P Li.t
Q i.t =Q i-1.t -Q Li.t
Figure BDA0001623795600000084
Figure BDA0001623795600000085
Q BC.t ≥0
Figure BDA0001623795600000086
τ i.t ≤τ imin
0≤ν i.t ≤ν imax
1≤σ i.t ≤σ imin
Q svc.i.min ≤Q svc.i.t ≤Q svc.i.max
equation 1-5 is the constraint of the equation of the tidal current equation of the network, and bus A is considered as an infinite power source, namely the balance node of the electric island, bus D is a PV node, and other buses are PQ nodes. Equation 6 is a node voltage magnitude constraint. Equation 7 is the constraint condition of the maximum transmission capacity of the transmission line. Equation 8 is a constraint condition of reactive power transmission of a power transmission line, and an electric company generally requires a new energy power station to achieve reactive power on-site balance, and does not allow reactive power to be sent. Equations 9-10 are constraints on the number of times the capacitor is allowed to act within the control period and the time interval between acts. Equations 11-12 are constraints on the number of times the transformer gear is allowed to act and the time interval between acts within the control period. Equation 13 is the maximum and minimum capacity constraint that SVC can output in new energy plants.
The invention brings the reactive power which can be output by the DFIG into the optimal control. Since the DFIG rotor outputs and absorbs less reactive power, it can be ignored, and the stator determining unit mainly determines the range of reactive power that it can output:
Figure BDA0001623795600000091
Figure BDA0001623795600000092
wherein P is s An active value for the stator; u (U) s Is the stator side terminal voltage; x is X s Is stator side leakage reactance; x is X m Is an excitation reactance; i Imax For the maximum current value of the rotor converter.
The photovoltaic power generation inverter also has a certain reactive power regulation capability. Considering that an inverter can operate at 1.1 times rated power, its reactive regulation range is as follows:
Figure BDA0001623795600000093
Figure BDA0001623795600000094
wherein S is INV Is the rated capacity of the inverter; p (P) PV Is that photovoltaic power generation has power.
The optimization model comprises discrete and continuous variables such as capacitor switching, gear adjustment, new energy output, SVC reactive compensation and the like, is a typical mixed integer non-convex nonlinear programming, and is difficult to directly solve an optimal solution. For this problem, a second order cone relaxation program (SOCP) may be used to relax the flow equation convexly, converting the optimization problem into a second order cone programming problem with integer variables. Meanwhile, the optimization model is a double-end power supply network, the number of nodes is small, and the accuracy of optimizing and the high efficiency of calculating can be effectively improved.
While the invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of being modified in various ways or applied to other applications without modification, and is within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A control system for reactive voltage of a new energy power station is characterized in that: the new energy power station and the power grid access side transformer substation are used as an area to carry out optimization control integrally, and the control system comprises a prediction model, a typical scene set model and MPC optimization control; meanwhile, predicting a bus voltage value and a transformer substation load by using an autoregressive moving average method, generating a discretized scene for the predicted value through Latin hypercube sampling, acquiring a typical scene set by using a K-means clustering algorithm, establishing an optimal control model with an objective function being the minimum in a future time window internal network loss value and voltage offset value, and solving by using a second-order cone programming method;
the prediction model of the control system comprises a wind power/photovoltaic power prediction part and a load/bus voltage prediction part, wherein the wind power/photovoltaic power prediction error is fitted by adopting beta distribution, and the load/bus voltage is predicted by adopting an autoregressive moving average method;
the control system is characterized in that a typical scene set model of the control system firstly generates a discretized scene by pulling Ding Chao cubic samples of predicted values of new energy output, bus voltage and transformer substation load in an electric island, and then acquires a typical scene set by using a K-means clustering algorithm;
the MPC optimization control of the control system establishes an optimization control model with the minimum target function of the network loss value and the voltage offset value in a future time window, and solves the model by adopting a second order cone planning method; the MPC optimization control comprises capacitor switching constraint, transformer gear adjustment constraint and SVC reactive compensation constraint;
in the wind power/photovoltaic power prediction, when the wind power predicted value is P t pred When the probability density function of the unit output active value x is:
Figure FDA0004228990950000011
Figure FDA0004228990950000012
where B (α, β) is the beta function, α and β are morphological parameters of the beta distribution, their values are the expected μ and variance σ of the beta distribution 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004228990950000021
Figure FDA0004228990950000022
the beta distribution form parameters alpha and beta are obtained, and then a probability density function of wind power prediction error distribution can be obtained;
the output power of the photovoltaic array also obeys the beta distribution in the optical power prediction, and the probability density formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004228990950000023
wherein Γ is Gamma function, alpha and beta are morphological parameters of beta distribution, p max For maximum output power of photovoltaic array, p solar The output power of the photovoltaic array; the wind power prediction distribution and the light power prediction distribution are equally divided from beta distribution, and the wind power prediction model and the light power prediction model are unified.
2. A control system for reactive voltage of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: the generation of the typical scene set firstly carries out a large number of samples on random variables distributed according to a certain probability to obtain a scene data set reflecting the characteristics of the random variables, namely discretizing a continuous probability model, and then carrying out reduced clustering on the scenes to obtain the typical scene set so as to realize the purpose of representing the characteristics of the original scene by fewer scenes.
3. A control system for reactive voltage of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control system aims at the objective function of the new energy power station voltage optimization control:
Figure FDA0004228990950000024
wherein ρ is s Is scene w s The corresponding probabilities; p (P) t (w s ) Is the electrical island at t pre Predicting active loss at time t in the period; v (V) t (w s ) Is the bus voltage at t pre A deviation value at time t in the prediction period; a. b is a weight coefficient; k is the number of typical scene sets。
4. A control system for reactive voltage of a new energy power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control system incorporates reactive power that can be output by the DFIG into an optimal control, wherein the reactive power ranges:
Figure FDA0004228990950000031
Figure FDA0004228990950000032
wherein P is s An active value for the stator; u (U) s Is the stator side terminal voltage; x is X s Is stator side leakage reactance; x is X m Is an excitation reactance; i Imax For the maximum current value of the rotor converter.
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